Statistical and general data on thyroid carcinoma associated with autoimmune thyroiditis in the Republic of Moldova

Abstract

Introduction. Early diagnosis of thyroid cancer is difficult because the neoplasm coexists or develops against the background of thyroid nodulo-inflammatory pathologies, which have a slow evolution. The association of thyroid carcinoma with autoimmune thyroiditis remains debatable. In the literature, this combination is noted on average from 1% to 75% of cases. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend in the number of cancers of the thyroid gland against the background of autoimmune thyroiditis. The epidemiological features and morbidity of thyroid cancer associated with lymphocytic (autoimmune) thyroiditis in the Republic of Moldova are not fully elucidated. Material and methods. This work was performed within the Institute of Oncology of the Republic of Moldova. This study was prospective-selective. The research was conducted during the years 2017-2020 with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the „Nicolae Testemitanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of Moldova, (minutes №76 from 14.11.2016). The study involved 234 patients admitted to the scientific laboratory tumors of the head and neck region. Patients included in the study met the inclusion criteria (patient consent with informed consent, age, patients with thyroid cancer developed on a healthy background and on the background of autoimmune thyroiditis). Results. The distribution of patients according to age indicates an identical percentage distribution for the cases included in the CT (thyroid carcinoma) + TA (autoimmune thyroiditis) group in both groups, where patients up to 55 years of age predominate, which constitute group 1 (52,7%) and group 2 (50,9%). In the CT + FS (healthy background) group, patients up to 55 years of age constitute the majority (68,9%), similar to the CT + TA group. In the CT + TA group, women with a female / male ratio of 27/1 predominated, and in the CT + FS group, the genre ratio (F / M) was 4/1. From the rural area, 44,7% of patients came, respectively from the urban area 55,2% of cases, similar figures for both groups. Evaluating the development region, a predominance of patients living in the central and southern region of the Republic of Moldova was found. Conclusions. Thyroid carcinoma associated with autoimmune thyroiditis is on the rise in the Republic of Moldova. This nosology mainly affects young people up to the age of 55 and predominates in females. According to the distribution of patients according to the environment southern Republic of Moldova. According to the distribution of patients by blood group we notice a predominance of blood group „O”.