Diagnosis Of Rabies Research Articles

Lethal cases of lyssavirus encephalitis in humans after contact with bats in the Russian Far East in 2019–2021

On the territory of Russia four species of lyssaviruses (genus Lyssavirus) were identified, three of them caused human deaths. to characterize fatal cases in humans after contacts with bats in the Far East in 20182021 and to perform typing of isolated pathogens. Lyssavirus infection was confirmed in samples of sectional material from people who died in the Amur Region in 2019, in the Primorsky Krai in 2019 and 2021. Diagnostics was performed by fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and RT-PCR using diagnostic kits of domestic production. Viruses were isolated in a bioassay. The nucleoprotein sequences were analyzed after 1st passage. The analysis of phylogenetic relationships and the construction of a dendrogram were performed using the MEGA7 software. The viruses that caused the fatal cases in humans in the Amur Region and Primorsky Krai share more than 90% identity to Lyssavirus irkut detected in Russia and China. Together they form a separate monophyletic cluster with 100% bootstrap support. On the territory of Russia, monitoring of bat populations for infection with lyssaviruses is relevant. The material of people who died from encephalomyelitis of unknown etiology within 1015 days from the onset of the disease must be examined for lyssavirus infection. It is necessary to develop PCR assays that employ genus-specific primers. The use of molecular biological methods is promising for improving the diagnosis of rabies and epidemiological surveillance, as well as increasing the efficiency of the system of biological safety of the population of the Russian Federation.

Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry for the detection of rabies virus in domestic and wild animals in South Africa.

We estimated the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) of an immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocol compared to the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT), which is the gold standard test for rabies diagnosis. We obtained brain samples from 199 domestic and wild animal cases (100 DFAT-negative, 99 DFAT-positive), by convenience sampling from 2 government-accredited rabies virus (RABV) testing laboratories in South Africa, between February 2015 and August 2017. Tissues that had been stored at 4-8°C for several days to weeks at the 2 accredited laboratories were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded. Nighty-eight cases tested IHC-positive using a polyclonal anti-RABV nucleoprotein antibody and a polymer detection system. The overall DSe and DSp for the RABV IHC test were 98% (95% CI: 93-100%) and 99% (95% CI: 95-100%), respectively. Domestic dogs accounted for 41 of 98 RABV IHC-positive cases, with the remainder in 4 domestic cats, 25 livestock, and 28 wildlife. Herpestidae species, including 7 meerkats and 9 other mongoose species, were the most frequently infected wild carnivores, followed by 11 jackals. Three cases in domestic dogs had discordant test results; 2 cases were IHC-/DFAT+ and 1 case was IHC+/DFAT-. Considering the implications of a false-negative rabies diagnosis, participating in regular inter-laboratory comparisons is vital, and a secondary or confirmatory method, such as IHC, should be performed on all submitted specimens, particularly negative cases with human contact history.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the etiological diagnosis of rabies virus in cerebrospinal fluid.

Rabies is a highly fatal disease. Once symptoms develop, death usually occurs within days. Survivors were occasionally reported in the literatures. Ante-mortem diagnosis remains a challenge in most rabies endemic countries. A novel, accurate diagnostic assay is highly desirable. We used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to examine the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of a 49-year-old patient with rabies and validated the results by TaqMan PCR and RT-PCR/Sanger sequencing. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing identified sequence reads uniquely aligned to the rabies virus (RABV). PCR confirmed the presence of the partial RABV N gene in the CSF. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the RABV grouped as an Asian clade, which is the most broadly distributed clade in China. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing may be a useful screening tool for the etiological diagnosis of rabies, especially in the absence of timely rabies laboratory testing or in patients with no exposure history.

From Field Tests to Molecular Tools-Evaluating Diagnostic Tests to Improve Rabies Surveillance in Namibia.

Rabies is endemic in Namibia and is present both in wildlife carnivores and domestic free-roaming dogs. The disease thus represents a challenge for public human and veterinary disease control. Namibia has implemented a national strategic plan to control rabies and the country's activities are supported by international organizations. To this end, rabies diagnosis at the Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL) was improved in the frame of a World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) laboratory twinning program: from practical sampling techniques and the use of lateral flow devices to a novel universal and discriminatory quantitative real-time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), which easily identify dog-associated rabies viruses. The procedures applied and the results can be used as a template to improve rabies laboratory diagnosis.

RABIES DIAGNOSIS AND RESPONSE TO VACCINATION IN SOUTHERN TAMANDUA (TAMANDUA TETRADACTYLA).

Rabies has rarely been described in Xenarthra, and rabies vaccine response has not been documented. A southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) presented with nonspecific clinical signs and was euthanatized. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR confirmed a rabies diagnosis. Following these tests, a group of eight captive tamanduas were vaccinated with a killed rabies vaccine, and titers were measured at the time of vaccination and 23 d later. One animal had day 0 titers suggestive of previous vaccination or exposure. All animals had detectable neutralizing rabies virus antibody titers after vaccination, but one animal failed to meet the World Organization for Animal Health's definition for adequate vaccination (≥0.5 IU/ml), and two other animals had low antibody titers (0.56 and 0.6 IU/ml). Rabies should be considered as a possible cause of illness in tamanduas, and rabies vaccination may be a useful preventative measure when anthropic interaction through medical care or ambassador roles is occurring.

Rabies in Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) in Brazil: Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors Based on Twenty Years of Research in the Northwestern Region of São Paulo, Brazil

The number of rabies cases in bats has increased recently in Brazil and in the state of São Paulo, representing a new epidemiological scenario for this zoonosis. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of rabies in bats according to food habits, taxonomic classification, sex and season of the year to identify possible risk factors for rabies occurrence in bats. A retrospective analysis of 6389 records of bat samples, from different municipalities of São Paulo, submitted to rabies diagnosis and taxonomic identification was carried out at the Rabies Diagnostic and Chiroptera Laboratories of Unesp Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil, from 1998 to 2017. Seventy-six (1.1%) positive rabies cases were detected in bats from ten species and seven genera of three families. The number of rabies-positive cases was higher in the dry season, with a significant association. The prevalence was higher in the Vespertilionidae family (37), especially Myotis nigricans (19) and Eptesicus furinalis (14). Frugivorous bats had a greater association with positivity for rabies, whereas the variable "sex" had no association. We recommend that the surveillance and control of rabies should be undertaken primarily during the dry season, especially in the Vespertilionidae family species and other species with a frugivorous food habit.

Diagnosis of rabies using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on post-mortem skin tissue specimens of the nasolabial plate in a rabies suspected cow: a case study.

In India, rabies in cattle is under-reported. Religious sentiments hamper its diagnosis, discouraging post-mortem examination, particularly opening the cranium. Specimens of peripheral tissue innervated by the cranial nerves could potentially be used as alternative diagnostic specimens to the brain. Herein, we present a case study of a novel approach for diagnosing rabies in a cow suspected of having rabies, using skin tissue specimens of the nasolabial plate obtained post-mortem. Brain and nasolabial tissue specimens tested positive for rabies using conventional reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. This approach has been previously shown to have a high diagnostic sensitivity in animals. We encourage further studies with more nasolabial plate skin specimens for both post- and antemortem diagnosis of rabies in cattle.

Lessons learned from the history of rabies vaccination in Colombia using the one health approach

Canine and human rabies vaccination in Colombia began at the National Institute of Health in the second decade of the 20th century. The National Veterinary School (the National University of Colombia) also contributed to the vaccination and diagnosis of canines, in addition to the diagnosis of rabies in wildlife. A combination of international cooperation and, from the 1960s onwards, increased funding of several national institutions to support the production of animal vaccines served to further progress rabies research, vaccination campaigns and diagnosis in Colombia. The country’s success in controlling canine-transmitted rabies, resulting in an approximately 90% reduction in national human rabies cases, was recognised throughout the Americas; consequently, the activities were modelled in other nations of the region. Additionally, the Ministry of Health played a key role in controlling bovine outbreaks to minimise infection risk in animal carcasses for human consumption in northern Colombia. However, in 2000, the public laboratories for vaccine production for humans and animals were closed, creating a gap in cost-effective disease control strategies in the country. In reviewing the history of rabies control in Colombia through a One Health approach, we present some lessons learned and propose improvements for the country’s long-term rabies vaccination programmes through the integration of human and animal (both domestic and wild) activities in vaccine production and roll-out. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of engaging various government, academic, private, non-government agencies and general public stakeholders in rabies control and prevention programs, especially those in remote rural settings. Finally, we present a proposal to create the national One Health Strategic Action Plan to support the operationalization of a cross-sectoral integrated zoonoses control programme in Colombia.

Epidemiologic Features of Human Rabies in China from 2015-2021

Objective: This study aimed to enhance the current understanding of the epidemiologic characteristics, laboratory diagnostic levels, and changes in pathogenic populations of rabies in China by studying the status of the human rabies epidemic in China from 2015-2021 and provide useful information for guiding rabies disease prevention and control strategies. Methods: We analyzed the incidence, distribution, and laboratory testing of human rabies in mainland China using statutory surveillance data from 2015-2021. Based on a literature review, the study summarizes the recent updates of the rabies virus population in each province based on previous monitoring. Results: A total of 3032 rabies cases were reported in China from 2015-2021, with a year-after-year decrease in the total number of cases. Most of the cases (75.19%) were distributed in Hunan, Henan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, and Sichuan, with 13 counties (districts) reporting > 50 cases in 7 years. The number of reported counties (districts) decreased from 512 in 2015 to 116 in 2021. Farmers accounted for most of the cases (73%), and the highest proportion of cases (54.62%) occurred in individuals 50-75 years of age. No changes in endemic populations were detected in China. The laboratory diagnosis rate of cases increased from 4.74% in 2015 to 22.93% in 2021. Conclusions: The rabies epidemic in China decreased steadily from 2015-2021, with a marked contraction in the geographic scope. In the future it will be necessary to continue to carry out large-scale dog immunization and strengthen the surveillance and laboratory diagnosis of rabies.

Результаты эпизоотического мониторинга в Российской Федерации в 2021 г.: видовой и количественный состав животных с лабораторно подтвержденным диагнозом бешенство

The article presents the results of epizootic monitoring for rabies in the Russian Federation for 2021. The species and number composition of animals with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of rabies was analyzed. A picture of the spread of the disease and the involvement of many animal species in the epizootic process is shown. In 2021, veterinary laboratories received over 10 000 brain samples from animals suspected of having rabies. A positive diagnosis was laboratory established in 1189 cases in 63 subjects of the Russian Federation. The most intense epizootic situation is in the Volga Federal District (382 cases) and the Central Federal District (257 cases). 47 % of positive results (563 cases) are for dogs and cats; 39 % (459 cases) – for commercial and wild animals; 13,5 % (161 cases) – for farm animals; 0,5 % (rabbit, 2 wild hamsters and 3 hedgehogs) – for other animal species. The main reservoir of the rabies virus in Russia is the red fox. Among game and wild animals, the largest number of cases was registered among foxes (80 % of cases).

Detection of rabies virus via exciton energy transfer between CdTe quantum dots and Au nanoparticles.

Rabies is a fatal encephalitis caused by the rabies virus. The diagnosis of the disease depends in large part on the exposure history of the victim and clinical manifestations of the disease. Rapid rabies diagnosis is an important step in its prevention and control. Therefore, for accurate and timely diagnosis and prevention of rabies, we developed nanomaterials for a novel photoelectrochemical biosensing approach (PBA) for the rapid and reliable diagnosis of rabies virus. This approach uses high-efficiency exciton energy transfer between cadmium telluride quantum dots and Au nanoparticles and is low cost, and easy to miniaturize. By constructing PBA, rabies virus can be detected quickly and with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity; the minimum detection concentration limit for rabies virus is approximately 2.16 ffu/mL of rabies virus particles, or 2.53 × 101 fg/mL of rabies virus RNA. PBA could also detect rabies virus in the brain and lung tissue from rabid dogs and mice with better sensitivity than RT-PCR.

Rabies Outbreak in the Urban Area of Delhi: An Investigation Report and One Health Perspective for Outbreak Management.

Rabies is a global problem and is endemic in India. Rabies cases occur throughout the year, and the majority of cases are associated with dog bites. We report a rabies outbreak investigation in an urban area of Delhi conducted by our multidisciplinary team, and its role in proactively controlling a rabies outbreak by concerted efforts and timely advice to various stakeholders using a "One Health Approach." A veterinary care NGO from Delhi picked up a suspected rabid stray dog and submitted a brain sample for diagnosis of rabies, as they had received information from a resident of the locality about an unprovoked animal bite incident involving a girl (category III bite) and close contact of two more stray dogs living in the vicinity of the suspected rabid dog. The laboratory diagnosis of rabies in the suspected dog brain sample was confirmed by using Fluorescence Antibody Test (FAT). A multi-expert investigation team with expertise in medicine, microbiology, veterinary sciences, laboratory diagnosis, and public health was constituted to investigate the outbreak. The timely, adequate, and appropriate anti-rabies management initiated for the animal bite victims in this incident could prevent rabies. Proactive involvement of multiple stakeholders and knowledge attributes and practice of local residents could prevent human rabies. As there were no further reports of dog bites from the area, the chain of rabies transmission in that area could be controlled. The presented work is a classical case scenario where concerted efforts of all stakeholders achieved effective control and prevention of rabies by adopting the "One Health approach".

Human Rabies — Texas, 2021

In late August 2021, a boy aged 7 years was bitten by a bat while he was playing outside his apartment home in Medina County, Texas. He informed his parents; however, no rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) was sought because there were no visible bite marks, and the family was unaware that contact with a bat, including in the absence of visible bite marks, might cause rabies. Approximately 2 months later, the child was hospitalized for altered mental status, seizures, and hypersalivation and ultimately received a diagnosis of rabies. Experimental therapies were attempted; however, the child died 22 days after symptom onset. Fifty-seven persons who met criteria for suspected or known exposure to infectious secretions in this case were advised to consult with a medical provider about the need for rabies PEP in accordance with Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) guidelines (1). Rabies, an acute, progressive neuroencephalitis, is nearly always fatal. Although dogs are the most common source of human rabies deaths worldwide and account for an estimated 59,000 annual cases of human rabies globally (2), bats are the most common source of domestically acquired rabies in the United States and have been implicated in 31 (81.6%) of 38 human infections since 2000 (3). Attempts to prevent death or poor neurologic outcomes once rabies symptoms develop have been largely unsuccessful (4). Administration of rabies PEP, comprising rabies immunoglobulin and a series of doses of rabies vaccine, is critical to preventing rabies after an exposure; enhanced public education about the risk posed by bats, and the availability of PEP to prevent rabies, is needed.

Intravitam Diagnosis of Rabies in Patients with Acute Encephalitis: A Study of Two Cases.

Rabies is one of the oldest known zoonotic diseases. Rhabdovirus, an RNA virus belonging to the genus Lyssavirus and family Rhabdoviridae, causes rabies. Rabies diagnosis is challenging as the rabies virus remains confined to neurons after the initial animal bite. It largely remains immune-evasive until the infection reaches the central nervous system. The bottleneck in rabies diagnosis remains the non-availability of technical expertise and failure to collect an appropriate sample. The laboratory confirmation of rabies in both antemortem and postmortem samples is important. The samples were tested for anti-rabies antibodies using quantitative ELISA. In this report, two case studies are presented to demonstrate the suitability of ELISA for the intra vitam diagnosis of rabies using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a diagnostic sample. The interpretation of serology results for both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals has been discussed in detail, which has helped to confirm the antemortem diagnosis of rabies. In this report, we observed that ELISA can be a viable alternative for anti-rabies antibody detection in CSF and can be used as a viable alternative to more technically challenging tests, such as Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFFIT) and Immunofluorescence Assays (IFA).

Temporal pattern and risk factors for occurrence of Canine Rabies in Chennai

Rabies is one of the most important zoonoses resulting in a high case fatality rate in humans. Most of the human Rabies cases are due to dog bites which can be prevented by effective vaccination in dogs. Globally, epidemiological studies on understanding the seasonality and risk factors for occurrence in canines are limited. The present study aimed to understand the temporal pattern of Rabies occurrence in Chennai city of Tamil Nadu, India, and address the suggestive clinical signs for better clinical ante-mortem rabies diagnosis. Data of 598 suspected canine hippocampus brain smear samples with Seller's staining and/or FAT percent positivity of 71.57% (428/598) from March 2010 to February 2019 were included in this study. Cross-correlation between rabies cases and meteorological factors showed that maximum temperature (lag 15), morning relative humidity (lag 0 and lag 5) and evening relative humidity (lag 4) were significantly associated with rabies cases. Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model with exogenous variables (significant lags of meteorological variables) was used to fit the time series of canine Rabies in Chennai. In logistic regression analysis, the following risk factors were found to be playing a significant role in Rabies positivity viz., behavioural changes in dogs (P < 0.001), free-roaming, unprovoked biting, hyper salivation (P < 0.05), dog bite history and drop jaw (P < 0.01). Hence, the study results highlight the need for continuous surveillance of canine Rabies for devising and implementing future preventive strategies and is helpful to establish the above-identified risk factors as a criterion to help in clinical rabies diagnosis.

A new choice for human rabies diagnosis: A case report of metagenomics next-generation sequencing in diagnosis of human rabies

PurposeWe report a case of human rabies diagnosed by the metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS). A 59-year-old man developed clinical rabies 20 days after he was bitten by dogs. Treatment included induction of coma initially; rabies vaccine was not administered. The patient was treated with propofol, midazolam, recombinant human interferon α2b, ribavirin, and amantadine. Penehyclidine was administrated to relieved the rabies induced pulmonary edema and the salivation. ResultsThe patient’s situation got worse on the 26th day after admition, and died on the 29th day finally. ConclusionThe mNGS might be a new choice for human rabies diagnosis，penehyclidine was effective in decreasing the rabies induced pulmonary edema and the salivation.

"When a dog bites someone": Community and service provider dynamics influencing access to integrated bite case management in Chad.

This study aims to identify factors on the community, the human health and the animal health provider level that determine access to Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) and animal rabies diagnosis in the light of a future integrated bite case management (IBCM) approach for rabies control in Chad. The study was embedded in an overall project conducted from 2016 to 2018, to determine rabies burden and vaccine demand in West and Central Africa. Data collection took place during the projects closing workshops with stakeholders organized between August and September 2018 in the three study zones in Chad covering Logone Occidental and Ouaddaï province and parts of Hadjer Lamis and Chari Baguirmi province. A qualitative approach based on focus group discussion and in-depth interviews was used to get insights on access to care and animal investigation after suspected rabies exposure. A total of 96 participants, including 39 from the community (bite victims, dog owners) and 57 human and animal health providers (health center managers, chief veterinary officers, chief district medical officers, chiefs of livestock sectors) contributed to the study. Based on an existing conceptual framework of access to health care, several points of dissatisfaction were identified, in particular the unaffordability of human rabies vaccine for PEP (affordability) and the distance to travel to a health facility in case of a bite (accessibility). In addition, there are unfavorable attitudes observed highlighted by the importance given to traditional or local rabies care practices to the detriment of PEP (acceptability) and a low level of knowledge among Chadian communities regarding bite prevention, coupled with a very inadequate information and awareness system regarding the disease (adequacy). As for human and veterinary health services, both sectors suffer from insufficient resources for PEP on the human health and rabies diagnosis on the veterinary side impacting negatively on availability and accessibility of both these services. Action to improving provision of rabies health services and increasing knowledge about risk and prevention of the disease among the population need to be undertaken to implement IBCM, improve access to PEP and achieve the goal of eliminating dog mediated human rabies by 2030 in Chad.

Laboratory validation of confirmatory tests for rabies diagnosis: Approaches to reduce animal use and facilitate sample collection.

Rabies is an encephalitis caused by rabies virus, whose transmission occurs upon contact with infected animals' saliva. The diagnosis is usually performed post-mortem through a direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT). If the DFAT results are negative, they must be confirmed with an isolation test, usually the mouse inoculation test (MIT), which implies the suffering and death of the animals, high costs and most importantly, up to 28 days to confirm a negative result. Another issue related to rabies diagnosis is the sample collection and storage, which is critical for the rabies virus' RNA genome. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate (i) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Rabies Tissue Culture Infection Tests (RTCIT) in comparison to DFAT and MIT and (ii) FTA® cards as an alternative sample collection and preservation method. Eighty animal samples were evaluated through DFAT, RTCIT and RT-PCR; MIT was performed only in DFAT-negative samples. FTA® cards were evaluated with a subset of 64 samples, with sufficient material for imprinting. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), agreement and Cohen's kappa were calculated for each test combination. RTCIT had higher sensitivity (92.5%) and RT-PCR had higher specificity (92.3%) compared to DFAT. The combination of tests enhanced sensitivity, NPV and Cohen's kappa (considering positive results by RTCIT or RT-PCR), and specificity and PPV (when both tests were concordant). The PCR based on FTA® cards as sample source was specific (84.6%-96.2%) but presented lower sensitivity (29.7%-73.0%), although it could detect as positive four DFAT-negative samples. RTCIT and RT-PCR may be used as confirmatory tests in DFAT-negative samples. Moreover, FTA® cards may be helpful for sample collection in field situations where a long time is needed until the sample undergoes laboratory testing.

Skin Specimen as an Alternative to Brain Tissue for Post Mortem Rabies Diagnosis in Animals to Scale up Animal Rabies Surveillance

Background: Detection of the virus or some of its specific components using WHO and OIE recommended standard laboratory tests is the only way to get a reliable diagnosis of rabies. Brain tissue is the preferred specimen for post-mortem diagnosis of rabies in both humans and animals. Higher biosecurity requirements, skill and transportation facilities required for collection and transport of brain or whole carcass to the laboratory is one of the reasons for the poor rabies surveillance in animals. Point of care testing with simple, reliable and easy to operate devices would be an ideal approach for providing rapid results. Methods: The study evaluated diagnostic performance of two reference tests, DFAT and RTPCR on skin specimen, to assess its suitability as an alternative of brain tissue for post mortem rabies diagnosis in animals. Brain tissue and skin sample belonging to different species of animals (n=90) collected at necropsy were compared using Fluorescent Antibody Test and RT PCR, internationally approved methods for rabies diagnosis. Results: Validation of RT-PCR on skin and DFAT on skin in comparison with DFAT on brain as gold standard gave a sensitivity of 98% (95% CI:94.1-100) and 80% (95%CI:71.8-88.2) respectively. Specificity was 100% in both tests. Conclusion: The findings highlight the potential of skin specimen for improving rabies surveillance in animals especially in resource poor countries.

ZOONSOSES E MONITORAMENTO SENTINELA DA CINOMOSE COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE SAÚDE ÚNICA NO MUNICÍPIO DE PRESIDENTE FIGUEIREDO-AM

Many pathogens can co-infect humans and animals. The present study aims to analyze the frequency of reported cases of zoonoses in humans and confirmed cases of canine distemper in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo through the extraction of information from the Information System of Notifiable Diseases of the Ministry of Health (SINAN) and the epidemiological investigation reports of outbreaks produced by the health surveillance room of the Zoonosis Control Center of the Municipality of Presidente Figueiredo-AM in the period 2017-2020. In the state of Amazonas, in the analyzed period, there were reported cases of Rabies, Visceral Leishmaniasis, Tegumentary Leishmaniasis, Leptospirosis, Spotted Fever, Hantavirus, and Acute Chagas Disease. In the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, only the zoonoses of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis and Leptospirosis were reported, and an outbreak of distemper occurred in 2020, which affected 17 animals and exposed another 10 animals susceptible to infection. During the outbreak of disease with neurological signs in dogs in the municipality, the epidemiological surveillance technicians promoted an epidemiological investigation, clinical and laboratory analysis of the affected animals and concluded based on the data and results that it was an outbreak of Distemper. Therefore, there is an occurrence of the distemper virus in dogs in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, and although neurological cases in dogs have not been detected as resulting from infection by the rabies virus, the constant surveillance and investigation work is highlighted as essential to ensure the one health in the municipality, in view of the differential diagnosis of rabies.