Diagnosis Of Osteochondrosis Research Articles

The epidemiology of osteochondrosis in an insured Swedish dog population

Osteochondrosis (OC) is a focal disturbance of endochondral ossification due to a failure of blood supply to the epiphyseal growth cartilage. In dogs, OC most commonly affects the shoulder joint, followed by the elbow, tarsal, and stifle joints. The condition is associated with clinical signs such as lameness and pain and the prognosis varies depending on the affected joint. Most epidemiologic studies of OC in dogs were performed over 20 years ago, and updated estimates of disease incidence are lacking. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to provide population-based estimates of the incidence rate, cause-specific mortality rate, and age at diagnosis of appendicular OC (AOC, including OC of the shoulder, elbow, stifle, and tarsal joints) and stifle and tarsal OC separately, using data from Agria Djurförsäkring in Sweden (2011–2016). Further, the study aimed to evaluate the risk of OC in subgroups divided by breed and sex and describe previous, concurrent, and subsequent diagnoses of the affected joint in dogs with stifle or tarsal joint OC. The study population included just over 600,000 dogs, of which 685 were affected by AOC. Stifle joint OC (n = 113) was more common than tarsal joint OC (n = 80). The incidence rate of AOC was 3.77 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.49–4.07) cases per 10,000 dog-years at risk, while the incidence rate of stifle and joint tarsal OC was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.53–0.77) and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.34–0.54) cases per 10,000 dog-years at risk, respectively. All breeds at increased risk of AOC were large or giant, and male dogs had an increased risk of AOC compared to female dogs (RR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.50–2.07, p < 0.001). The median age at first diagnosis during the study period was 0.74 (0.32–11.5) years for AOC, 2.62 (0.45–8.82) years for stifle joint OC, and 0.73 (0.35–7.35) years for tarsal joint OC. Of the dogs with stifle or tarsal joint OC, 30.2% and 15.0% had a previous diagnosis of stifle/tarsal joint pain or other unspecific clinical signs, respectively, and 13.8% of the dogs with stifle joint OC suffered subsequent cruciate ligament rupture. Osteochondrosis was the most common reason for euthanasia in the affected dogs. In total, 77 dogs were euthanised due to AOC during the study period.

Self-massage as a preventive means for osteochondrosis

The article presents an assessment and analysis of mobility and pain threshold in the cervico thoracic spine in women 55-65 years of age undergoing preventive treatment with a diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the cervico thoracic spine. It was revealed that in the examined set of parameters of possible movements in the cervical spine, the most problematic positions are flexion and extension. Testing of the mobility of the cervico thoracic spine was performed on ten positions, the assessment of which revealed the need not only to restore painless movement in the cervico thoracic spine, but also to activate mobility in the shoulder joints. Since, as a result of age-related changes, in 90% of cases, the mobility in the shoulder joints decreases and, as a result, the variety of movements is limited. The paper considers the possibility of influencing the musculo-ligamentous apparatus of elderly women. Massage exercises are presented, with a detailed description of the technique and methodology for using the developed self-massage movements in an independent mode. The main purpose of which is to restore the mobility of the cervico thoracic spine, improve the elasticity of the muscles of the investigated spine and restore the normalization of blood and lymph circulation in the most important part of the spine.

Quality of life as a criterion of o rehabilitation efficiency (on the example of patients with spine osteochondrosis)

Background. Degenerative dystrophic diseases (DDD) of the spine occupy a leading place in the structure of the causes of chronic back pain. The widespread prevalence of osteochondrosis and high primary disability determine the medical, social and economic significance of the problem. An important direction of its solution is a scientifically based system of rehabilitation measures. The existing wide arsenal of means of rehabilitative impact dictates the need to assess their effectiveness, for which, in turn, various techniques can also be used. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life of patients with osteochondrosis before and after rehabilitation. Materials and methods. The patient sample included 50 people with diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the spine. In the structure of respondents, 58.0% were women, 42.0% men. The proportion of individuals: up to 30 years old was 26.0%; 3145 years old 58.0%; 46 years and older 14.0%. 48.0% of patients are diagnosed with cervical spinal dislocation; 10.0% of patients thoracic; 18.0% of the lumbar spine 24.0% of patients common osteochondrosis. 96.0% of patients received rehabilitation measures. They were complex and included drug therapy (100.0%), manual therapy (56.0%), massage (58.0%), healing fitness (24.0%), physiotherapy (amplipulse therapy-10.0%; electrophoresis 6.0%; laser therapy 6.0%), etc. After treatment, the majority of patients (56.0%) had positive dynamics, 28.0% did not have dynamics, and 16.0% were negative. An analysis of the quality of life of patients before and after rehabilitation measures showed the following. Results. The total score (GH) increased from 64.6 to 67.6 points. The physical component increased from 47.5 to 51.8 points; psychological from 45.1 to 45.6 points. The dynamics of these indicators differed among patients of different sexes, ages, with different diagnoses. Conclusions. Assessing the quality of life using the questionnaire allows you to objectify the effectiveness of the treatment.

The social hygienic characteristic of patients with osteochondrosis of spine

The spinal osteochondrosis takes leading role among diseases of the peripheral nervous system, being a serious social problem in many countries. The significant prevalence of this disease among individuals of able-bodied age, high disability rates, large economic losses condition the urgency of this problem, its epidemiological and socio-economic significance. The purpose of study is to analyze the socio-hygienic and clinical features of patients with osteochondrosis in the Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital. The statistical analysis of 250 medical records with diagnosis of osteochondrosis was carried out in the neurological department. The gender and age-specific features of the disease, the frequency of manifestation of osteochondrosis in various parts of the spine, leading syndromes and the nature of patients' labor activity were considered. There are gender differences in patients of the Kursk Regional Hospital with diagnosis of spinal osteochondrosis: females 62.0% and males 38,0%. The most common neurological manifestations of osteochondrosis were found among middle-aged patients (45-54 years). The patients with manifestations of osteochondrosis in the lumbar (65.2%) and cervical (50.8%) parts of the spine are predominated. Among all the syndromes, the pain syndrome was the leading one and was detected in 96.4% of patients. The frequency of disorders of various parts of the spinal column depended on working conditions. Thus, intellectual workers suffered more often from osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, and manual workers - from the lumbar spine. It is necessary to optimize primary and secondary prevention of osteochondrosis, taking into account the age and nature of the patients' labor activity as well as to improve medical care and the rational employment of people suffering from this disease.

Description of a rare osteochondrosis lesion of the medial aspect of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia in seven Thoroughbred horses (2008-2018).

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia (DIRT) is commonly identified on either the lateral to medial (LM) or dorso45°medial-plantarolateral oblique (D45M-PLO) projection of the tarsus. This manuscript describes a retrospective case series out of Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, for which medical records and radiographic projections of the tarsus were reviewed, consistent with Keeneland's repository requirements. This original investigation identified seven yearling Thoroughbred horses between 2008 and 2018 with radiographic signs of atypical osteochondrosis lesions within the tarsus. The atypical lesions, originating along the medial margin of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia, were initially only diagnosed on the dorso10°lateral-plantaromedial (D10L-PMO) projection and were overlooked on the LM and D45M-PLO views. Following the diagnosis of osteochondrosis in these seven cases, the radiographs were reviewed and re-evaluated, but osteochondrosis and/or fragmentation could not be definitively diagnosed on the LM and/or D45M-PLO projections alone. Our findings highlight the importance of a complete radiographic study of the equine tarsus when screening horses for OCD lesions of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia and that atypical DIRT lesions may go undetected if the D10L-PMO projection is not performed.

Some Aspects of the Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Osteochondrosis of the Cervical Spine (Literature Review)

The aim of this research was to study the most important problems in diagnosing a socially significant problem - osteochondrosis of the cervical spine. According to some authors, in the structure of disability and disability associated with pathology of the spine, diseases of the cervical spine occupy one of the leading positions. The paper analyzes data from 41 sources of literature on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine. Due to the complexity and ambiguity of the approaches to the diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, this paper analyzes the most important research methods in the diagnosis of this pathology. Attention is focused on the main pathogenetic prerequisites for the occurrence of pain. According to literature data, the main attention in the diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine is given to the basic methods: clinical and neurological examination, where the severity of the disorders is determined using scales that include not only an assessment of the intensity of the pain syndrome, but also the determination of a number of neurological disorders. The authors propose the use of a DN4 questionnaire, LANSS scales, neurological impairment scales (N1S); radiation research methods, such as survey spondylography of the cervical spine in direct and lateral projections, functional spondylography of the cervical spine in the position of maximum flexion and extension, multispiral computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging data, and neurophysiological studies. Radiation research methods can determine pathological changes in the bone tissue itself. Magnetic resonance imaging indices make it possible to assess the degree of pathological changes in the soft tissue anatomical structures of the spinal canal and intervertebral discs. According to the literature, much attention is paid to functional research methods, in particular, electroneuromyography, which allows to assess the level and degree of damage to nerve fiber, the dynamics of the pathological process. Attention is paid to the allocation of marker indicators. All methods are significant, evidence-based, objective and modern and do not exclude the possibility of using data from other research methods. The analysis of the presented literature once again convinces clinicians of the ambiguity and heterogeneity of approaches to the issues of pathogenesis and diagnosis of the cervical spine, which requires further improvement of the proposed methods for clarifying and objectifying the pathological process. An important andjustified is a pathogeneti-cally grounded approach to their study.

An outpatient with hand numbness: old prejudices, new strategies of differential diagnosis and treatment

To search for 'diagnostic masks' of tunnel syndrome (TS) of the upper limbs and evaluate the efficacy of the antiacetylcholinesterase agent ipidakrine in the treatment of TS in a polyclinic. An analysis of outpatient cards showed that 597 people had complaints of numbness in their hands (23.9% of all neurological pathology). After exclusion of patients with vascular, demyelinating pathology, somatoform disorders, 92 people, who previously had the diagnosis of osteochondrosis, were first-time diagnosed with TS of upper limbs with mild to moderate severity. Kruskal-Wallis' nonparametric analysis of variance revealed homogeneity of clinical and instrumental manifestations in all patients. Patients were divided into 2 comparable groups: the control group (n=42), which received traditional therapy and the main group (n=50), which additionally received ipidacrine. The follow-up clinical-neurophysiological examination was carried out 4 weeks after treatment. A significant improvement was revealed during the use of ipidacrine in addition to the traditional therapy, despite the short period of drug administration. Positive dynamics was also observed in the group receiving traditional therapy, but no significant differences were recorded between baseline and after treatment. The key 'diagnostic masks' of TS are various syndromes caused by spinal osteochondrosis. The high efficacy of ipidacrine in the complex treatment of patients with mild to moderate TS is confirmed.

Surgical induction, histological evaluation, and MRI identification of cartilage necrosis in the distal femur in goats to model early lesions of osteochondrosis

Identify and interrupt the vascular supply to portions of the distal femoral articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex (AECC) in goat kids to induce cartilage necrosis, characteristic of early lesions of osteochondrosis (OC); then utilize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify necrotic areas of cartilage. Distal femora were perfused and cleared in goat kids of various ages to visualize the vascular supply to the distal femoral AECC. Vessels located on the axial aspect of the medial femoral condyle (MFC) and on the abaxial side of the lateral trochlear ridge were transected in eight 4- to 5-day-old goats to induce cartilage necrosis. Goats were euthanized 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10 weeks post operatively and operated stifles were harvested. Adiabatic T1ρ relaxation time maps of the harvested distal femora were generated using a 9.4 T MR scanner, after which samples were evaluated histologically. Interruption of the vascular supply to the MFC caused lesions of cartilage necrosis in 6/8 goat kids that were demonstrated histologically. Adiabatic T1ρ relaxation time mapping identified these areas of cartilage necrosis in 5/6 cases. No significant findings were detected after transection of perichondrial vessels supplying the lateral trochlear ridge. Cartilage necrosis, characteristic of early OC, can be induced by interrupting the vascular supply to the distal femoral AECC in goat kids. The ability of high field MRI to identify these areas of cartilage necrosis in the AECC using the adiabatic T1ρ sequence suggests that this technique may be useful in the future for the early diagnosis of OC.

Alterations in sclerostin protein in lesions of equine osteochondrosis

Osteochondrosis (OC) is a common and clinically important joint disease that occurs in many species, including humans, pigs, chickens and horses. It has been described as a focal failure of...

Lumbosacral osteochondrosis in cats

Veterinary RecordVolume 173, Issue 1 p. 19-19 Research Lumbosacral osteochondrosis in cats F. Y. Hanna BVSs, MRCVS, CERT SAO, Corresponding Author F. Y. Hanna BVSs, MRCVS, CERT SAO pastina5@yahoo.co.uk 3...

Use of serum biomarkers to predict the development and severity of osteochondrosis lesions in the distal portion of the femur in pigs

To evaluate the use of serum biomarkers of cartilage and bone metabolism to predict the occurrence and severity of osteochondrosis (OC) lesions in the distal portion of the femur in growing swine. 71 gilts. At an abattoir, serum samples for analysis of 10 biomarkers indicative of cartilage and bone metabolism were obtained prior to processing of the pigs. The distal portion of each pig's left femur was directly examined and cut into longitudinal sections to evaluate the number and severity of abnormalities on the external surface, articular cartilage, and growth plate. Each specimen was categorized as with (n = 56) or without (15) OC, and an overall OC severity score was assigned to affected pigs. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to predict odds of OC on the basis of biomarker concentrations and predict the severity of OC values in affected pigs, respectively. Compared with values in unaffected pigs, serum concentrations of C-propeptide of type II collagen (CPII) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein were significantly increased and concentrations of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen 3/4-length fragment (C2C) and pyridinoline cross-links were significantly decreased in affected pigs. A 2-fold increase in CPII concentration increased the odds of pigs having OC by a factor of 97 (95% confidence interval, 6 to infinity). Changes in serum C2C concentration accounted for 49% of the variation in overall OC severity score. Assessment of serum biomarker concentrations may be useful in the diagnosis of OC and aid in reduction of lameness in swine herds.

Early changes in biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and their association to the occurrence of osteochondrosis (OC) in the horse

Diagnosis of osteochondrosis (OC) is based on clinical signs and radiography, but alternative methods for detection at an early stage would be useful. To determine in the juvenile horse the relationship between serum concentrations of a number of biomarkers that reflect changes in cartilage and bone turnover and age, feeding level, growth, and the occurrence of OC. Foals were assigned to a high (n = 20) or moderate (n = 19) feeding level group from birth to age 1 year. Bodyweight, withers height and cannon width were measured. Osteoarticular status was assessed radiographically at 5.5 and 11 months in all foals, and by necropsy at 12 months for 8 foals/group. Serum biomarkers of bone (osteocalcin, CTX-1) and cartilage (CPII, C2C) metabolism were assayed at 8 time points between ages 2 and 52 weeks. Ratios between biomarkers of tissue formation and degradation were calculated at each time point. Consistent age-related patterns in biomarker serum concentrates were found, indicating a markedly higher metabolism before age 20 weeks but concentrations were not affected by feeding level. Bodyweight was correlated negatively to C2C and CTX-1, and withers height was positively correlated to osteocalcin and the osteocalcin/CTX-1 and CPII/ C2C ratios. Osteocalcin concentration at 2 weeks and CPII/ C2C ratio at 20 weeks had strong positive correlations to OC, as diagnosed radiographically at 5.5 months. Osteocalcin had a strong correlation with radiographically detected OC at 11 months but at that time there was no significant relationship between CPII/C2C ratio and OC. Occurrence of OC lesions is significantly associated with anabolic changes in bone metabolism during the first weeks post partum, given the strong relation with osteocalcin. Measuring osteocalcin concentrations during the first few weeks post partum may have potential value for the prediction of risk for OC development.

Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of OC(D)

Osteochondrosis (OC) can be defined as a disturbance of the process of endochondral ossification of the articular-epiphyseal complex. The ensuing irregularities of the ossification front lead to thick cartilage plugs, the deeper parts of which may become necrotic because nutrition by diffusion becomes insufficient. In the final stage osteochondral fragments may detach and become loose or semiloose intraarticular bodies or joint mice. In this stage, the term osteochondritis dissecans is used. Osteochondrosis has a high incidence (on average 25%) in most Warmblood breeds and in the racing breeds. Performance is not always affected, but losses to the equine industry are huge, both directly and indirectly through loss of breeding potential and depreciation of market value of affected animals. Osteochondrosis is a multifactorial disease in which genetic influences (accounting for about 25% of the phenotype), nutritional factors, biomechanical influences, and conformation play a role. The disease is very dynamic during the first months of life when lesions may appear and regress spontaneously, indicating that OC has a dualistic character in which the final clinical outcome is determined by the etiologic factors mentioned above and a repair process incited by the lesions. With increasing age, the remodeling rate of the extracellular matrix of the cartilage decreases and after a certain age no substantial change in the radiographic appearance of lesions is seen anymore. In general, no major change can be expected after 1 year of age. For this reason it is advised not to apply the treatment of choice, which is arthroscopic surgery, before this age. Diagnosis of OC has always been based on clinical and radiographic findings, but more advanced imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, and the use of biomarkers may play a more important role in the future. Biomarkers may also be used for prevention to identify animals that are at risk for the development of OC. For these animals, environmental conditions may then be manipulated to maximally reduce the risk of OC. Genetic markers may become a tool too, but the complex character of OC and the relatively big influence of environmental factors make a real breakthrough in this area improbable.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and surgical management of sacral osteochondrosis in a mastiff dog

The clinical, radiographic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), surgical and pathological findings related to an osteochondral lesion of the sacrum in a mastiff dog are described. The dog showed chronic signs...

Roentgen and computer tomography in the diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the vertebral column lumbar part

The use of the roentgen and computer tomography in the diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the vertebral column lumbar part is studied. This diagnosis method makes it possible to reveal protrusions, prolapses of intervertebral disks in 100% of the cases. The radiation diagnosis algorythm and indications to performance of the open or laser paracentetic diskectomy are developed. The suggested radiation diagnosis algoiythm using the roentgen computer tomography makes it possible to visualize all structures of vertebro-motor segments promoting the choice of the most rational treatment method of discogenic lumbosacral radiculitis.

Osteochondrosis of the Lateral Trochlear Ridge of the Talus in Seven Rottweiler Dogs

Eleven lesions of osteochondrosis in the lateral trochlear ridge of the talus were diagnosed in seven young Rottweiler dogs. Diagnosis was based on clinical and radiographic evaluations. Defects in the lateral trochlear ridge and osteochondral fragments arising from the dorsal and proximal margins of the ridge were visible radiographically. The dorsal 45 degrees lateral-plantaromedial oblique (D45 degrees L-P1MO) projection was the most useful in identifying the lesions. Exploratory arthrotomies were performed in six affected tarsi. In three cases, histologic examination revealed mineralized osteochondral fragments consistent with a diagnosis of osteochondrosis.