Diabetes Knowledge Research Articles

Evaluating Effects of Virtual Diabetes Group Visits in Community Health Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the US. Diabetes group visits (GVs), which include group education and individual medical visits have been shown to improve clinical outcomes. However, few studies have evaluated virtual GVs. We conducted a single-arm pilot study to test the impact of virtual diabetes GVs in Midwestern community health centers (CHCs). Adult patients with diabetes participated in monthly virtual GVs for 6 months. Surveys and chart abstraction were used to assess patient-reported and clinical outcomes. Five CHCs implemented virtual GVs with 34 patients attending at least one session. Virtual GVs show promise as evidenced by these findings: (1) Patients had a nonsignificant decrease in A1C. (2) In the subgroup of patients with baseline A1C ≥ 9%, there was a significant decrease in A1C. (3) Patients had significant increases in diabetes knowledge and support as well as a decrease in diabetes distress. Future studies with a larger sample size and a control comparison group are needed to assess the impact of virtual GVs on patient outcomes.

Knowledge and Awareness of Exercises in Diabetes Mellitus among Female Population

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is influenced by multi-factorial components, such as behavioural, environmental and social factors. Exercises are considered to be very effective in prevention, care and management of diabetes, but the awareness of exercises in diabetes is limited and underutilized. As knowledge is essential in bringing alteration in behaviour, it is important to know the awareness. The awareness of community-based knowledge in rural population is necessary as it reduces the burden in the society by promoting health education. Aims/Objectives: To find the knowledge and awareness of exercises and its types in diabetes mellitus among female population, and to find the association between the knowledge and awareness of diabetes based on age and level of education. Method: This study is a cross-sectional study involving 195 females between the age of 18 and 60 years who were interviewed by the personal investigator using a structured questionnaire form which is structured in a way to find the age, level of education, knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus, its risk factors, complications, prevention and management of diabetes mellitus by different types of exercises. Results: Results suggested that even though there is a good awareness of a diabetes mellitus as a condition (100%), people lacked knowledge and awareness in various aspects of diabetes mellitus such as risk factors (81.3 %), prevention (70.3%), type of exercises (aerobic exercises: 94.0%, resistance exercises: 33.2% and flexibility exercises: 31.0%), role of exercises in diabetes mellitus and exercise induced hypoglycemia (60%). Association between the knowledge & awareness of diabetes mellitus based on educational status revealed that literacy rate plays an important role in influencing a person’s knowledge. Conclusion: This study established that even though people are aware of a condition called diabetes mellitus, the knowledge regarding its risk factors, prevention, complications and type of exercises are grossly inadequate.

Effects of Nurse-Led diabetes Self-Management education on Self-Care knowledge and Self-Care behavior among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending diabetes follow up clinic: A Quasi-Experimental study design

IntroductionThe prevalence of type II diabetes is growing globally. Nurse-led diabetes self-management education (DSME) plays an important role in DM treatment because it enhances diabetic self-care knowledge and practice, which in turn improves clinical outcomes. PurposeTo assess the effect of DSME on self-care knowledge and behavior among adult people with type II diabetes attending diabetic follow-up clinics in selected hospitals. MethodsAn institution-based quasi-experimental study design was used, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select 360 patients, out of whom 321 patients participated and 278 completed the study. Participants were assigned to the interventional or control group, and DSME was delivered monthly for six months for the interventional groups. The data was collected by trained nurses using structured interviews. ResultsAn independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference in all of the outcomes before intervention; however, there was a statistically significant higher mean score difference in self-care knowledge and self-care behavior after the delivery of DSME (p < 0.05). Before the intervention, 96 (62.7%), 39 (25.5%), and 18 (11.8%) of participants in the intervention group had low, medium, and high knowledge, respectively. After the intervention, the level of participant knowledge in the low range for an interventional group decreased from 62.7% to 20.6%, and the high range increased from 11.8% to 54%. In addition, 129 (84.3%) and 24 (15.7%) of participants from the intervention group before the intervention had poor and good self-care behaviors, respectively, while 30 (23.6%) and 97 (76.4%) of participants from the intervention group after the intervention had poor and good self-care behaviors, respectively. ConclusionThe study concluded that there was a significant improvement in the mean score of self-care knowledge and self-care behavior after nurse-led DSME; hence, the implementation of DSME in health facilities can improve diabetes self-care management.

Is diabetes all about sugars? Perception of community – A pilot study

Background: A major chronic health concern that affects the majority of people globally is diabetes mellitus (DM). The goal of diabetic dietary knowledge (DDK) and dietary restrictions is to improve quality of life and avoid further diseases that occur as a result of diabetes. Aim and Objective: This study was designed to study the effect of DDK in DM patients at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital in Chromepet, Chennai, using questionnaires about a healthy diet. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 persons were selected randomly in which 58% of them were men and 42% were women. The majority of the patients ranged from 50 to 60 years. They were questioned about their dietary habits, adherence to the restrictions, and glycemic control. Results: The finding that 102 (68%) individuals had type II diabetes indicates a high prevalence of DM. 100% of the patients were aware that vegetables are beneficial, and 71 (69%) identified sprouts as a healthy food. Sugar-free meals and salty biscuits/crackers were chosen by 66 (64.7%) and 64 (62.7%), respectively. 50 (49%) of patients admitted honey is dangerous for diabetics and should be avoided. Only 35 patients (34%) actually adhered to the meal restrictions, whereas 67 patients (65%) claimed not to. When patient case records were evaluated to see how well their diabetes was handled, it was determined that only 49 (48%) of the patients had diabetes under control and 53 (52%) had it out of control. Conclusion: There was no evident association between DDK and glycemic control. It is entirely dependent on adhering to dietary restrictions, which can only be accomplished by self-motivation. It is critical to incorporate nutrition into prescriptions through counseling and specialist therapy.

Assessment of food labeling knowledge and associated reading barriers among patients with diabetes.

The most challenging part of diabetes management for a patient with diabetes is selecting a healthy diet. The purpose of this study is to evaluate participants' knowledge of food labels, to find out the relationship between the type of diabetes mellitus (DM) and knowledge score of food labels, and to explore the barriers that prevent patients from reading food labels. This observational study was conducted on patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted at diabetes clinics at King Khalid University Hospital and King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from November 2019 to February 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS. A total of 310 participants were enrolled in this study, of which 50.3% had type 1 DM, and more than half of them were female (51.6%). Patients with type 1 DM had higher mean declarative and applied knowledge scores than those with type 2 DM, regardless of whether they were taking pre meals insulin or not. The highest proportion (39.9%) had difficulty in understanding the content of the nutrition labels, and some of them (37.2%) did not receive any educational session about it. Only 9.5% of the participants did not have any difficulties in reading food labels. Patients with both types of diabetes tended to have poor total knowledge about food labels and faced difficulties in reading them. Provided educational sessions by primary health care and specialized physician and DM educator about food labels are recommended to help them to choose food properly.

Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Foot Self-Care among Diabetic Patients Attending Different Diabetic Clinics in Najran, Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Diabetic foot syndrome is a significant hurdle for the health-care profession, with substantial economic outcomes for diabetic patients, their families, and society, affecting the quality of care and quality of life. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess diabetic patients' knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding foot care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at various diabetic clinics in Najran, Saudi Arabia. All attending diabetic patients were subjects of the study. The investigators developed the survey instrument based on prior surveys and guidelines. The survey explored the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and evaluated attitudes toward diabetic patients and the level of knowledge of foot self-care practices. Results: The mean awareness score was 9.68 (standard deviation [SD]: 2.65) out of 16 points, with low, satisfactory, and high awareness scores identified in 28.7%, 60.6%, and 10.7% of patients, respectively. With regard to attitude, the mean score was 3.18 (SD: 1.55) out of 6 points, where, negative, neutral, and positive attitudes were found in 34.9%, 41.1%, and 23.9% of patients, respectively. The most commonly known risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) were neuropathy, followed by retinopathy. Antiglycemic control, duration of diabetes, and educational level were associated with neuropathy, retinopathy, vasculopathy, and foot deformity. On the other hand, uneducated patients, on monotherapy with insulin, with no diet plan, those with uncontrolled glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and with more than 10 years of DM significantly had poor awareness and negative attitude toward foot self-care. Conclusion: There were moderate awareness and attitudes concerning foot self-care among diabetic patients. Diabetic patients and physicians have an essential role to play in preventing diabetic foot syndrome. The health-care institutions should nurture diabetic patients with better knowledge and a positive attitude toward foot self-care.

Effectiveness of an educational program on diabetic patients' knowledge about preventive measures for retinopathy

Objective: To assess the effect of an educational program on the knowledge of diabetic patients concerning preventative measures for retinopathy and to identify how to find the difference between total patient knowledge and their demographic characteristics (age, gender, and level of education). Methodology: This Quasi-experimental study was carried out in Diabetic and Endocrine Center in Al- Nasiriya City, Iraq from March 9, 2022 to January 1, 2023. Non-probability (purposive sample) of 60 diabetes mellitus patients who visited Diabetic and Endocrine Center were included. The data were collected with a constructed questionnaire. Results: The difference in knowledge at pre-test scores between the study group and the control group was not statistically significant. The mean of the study group was 0.2542 while the mean for the control group was 0.2236 the study group. The mean posttest knowledge score was 0.7542 in study group and 0.2347 in control group. There was no significant relationship between patients' knowledge regarding preventive measures for diabetic retinopathy and socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, level of education for the study group in either the pre-test or the post-test. Conclusion: Patient education is an effective way to teach them about diabetic retinopathy and make them more aware of it, as well as to get them to take steps to prevent it.

Medication Adherence and its Predictors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Medication adherence is vital in managing noncommunicable diseases like diabetes. Illness perception and an individual's knowledge regarding the disease may influence medication adherence. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of medication adherence among type 2 diabetic patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 diabetes mellitus patients attending an outdoor patient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Brief Medication Questionnaire (BMQ) and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) were used to study medication adherence and illness perception, respectively. Descriptive and analytic statistics were computed using Epi Info software for Windows (CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA). The prevalence of medication adherence was 79.5% (82/400). The odds of medication adherence increased with higher age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8 [1.1-2.9]) and more duration of illness (OR = 1.8 [1.0-3.2]) Patients having good knowledge of diabetes were more likely to adhere to medications. [OR=1.8(1.1-3.1). Diabetes medicine-adherent patients had a higher perceived understanding of the disease, felt having lesser negative consequences, and were less concerned about the illness than their counterparts. A high proportion adhered to diabetes medication. The guiding factors to further improve medication adherence are age, duration of illness, illness perception, and knowledge regarding the disease.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Treatment Progress

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications during pregnancy. The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus increases year by year. Its pathogenesis may be related to insulin resistance, and its diagnostic criteria are more stringent than common type 2 diabetes. The management of gestational diabetes requires diet, exercise, drug therapy, blood glucose monitoring and diabetes knowledge education. Diet and exercise therapy are the main treatment measures, but for poor glycemic control on this basis, drugs are an essential treatment plan. Currently available drugs for pregnancy include insulin, metformin and glyburide. In addition to these traditional drugs, probiotics, inositol, insulin-like growth factor-1 and vitamin D have been found to be safer drugs, but the effectiveness of these drugs needs further study. The purpose of this paper is to review various gestational diabetes drugs, to help us fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of various drugs, better intervention in the occurrence and development of the disease.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Diabetes Mellitus Fever among the Population of Lahore, Pakistan

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is expected to increase up to 7.7% and will affect almost 439 million adults globally by 2030. The main aim of the study was to assess the demographic details of diabetic patients and their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding diabetes in Lahore, Pakistan. The prospective cross sectional study was done to know the level of KAP of diabetic population of the city; we visited different hospital’s endocrinology and diabetes departments. Face to face interview was done by using structured questionnaire comprises of total 26 questions. Of the 350 participants 221(63.1%) were women and 129(36.9%) were men. The major age groups were of &lt;39years 106(30.3%), 60&gt; years 83(23.7%) and of 40-49years 89(25.4%). Around 185(52.9%) have done graduation and 29(8.3%) are illiterate. About 231(66%) have type 2 diabetes and 119(34%) suffering from type 1 diabetes. Almost 228(65.1%) admits that they have family history of diabetes. Major cause of diabetes as participants’ claims is hereditary and obesity, both 118(33.7%). The frequent urination and increased thirst and hunger is the symptoms (62.9%). About 187(53.4%) of participants do exercise regularly and 194 (55.4%) follow planned diet. About 157(44.9%) had never any eye examination and 97(27.7%) had never any urine test. Around 236(67.4%) had never any lipid profile test. The study shows that participants have good knowledge of diabetes and have positive attitude towards DM but they have low or average practice scores.

Predictors of Self-Assessed and Actual Knowledge about Diabetes among Nursing Students in Saudi Arabia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of self-assessed and actual knowledge of diabetes among undergraduate nursing students. Nursing education plays an important role in preparing future nurses and ensuring that they are knowledgeable and competent in diabetes care. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 330 undergraduate Saudi student nurses. We collected data from October to December 2019 using the Diabetes Self-report Tool (DSRT) and Diabetes Basic Knowledge Tool (DBKT). We performed a multiple regression analysis to identify the predictors of self-reported and actual knowledge of diabetes. The students' overall mean (SD) scores in the DSRT and DBKT were 48.31 (5.71), which is equivalent to 80.52% of the total score and 22.54 (8.57), respectively. The students' university, gender, year level and experience in providing direct care to diabetic patients were the significant predictors of self-reported knowledge, whereas their university, age and perceived diabetes knowledge were the significant predictors of actual diabetes knowledge. The findings underscore the necessity to improve student nurses' actual knowledge of diabetes and its management. Our findings provide a solid basis for planning and implementing educational interventions with diabetes-related information to ensure adequate diabetes knowledge among nursing students.

The current diabetes education experience: Findings of a cross-sectional survey of adults with type 2 diabetes

ObjectiveTo survey persons with type 2 diabetes (PWD) on their experiences with diabetes education to better understand what it means when a PWD says they have “had diabetes education.” MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study among a convenience sample of adult PWD receiving primary care and/or diabetes self-management education and support in a mid-Atlantic regional US healthcare system. Descriptive, bivariate, and regression analyses were used to describe and explore the diabetes education experience. ResultsParticipants (n = 498) were majority female, African American, and non-Hispanic. Half reported having “had diabetes education.” Of those, 44% had only one session. Education was most often provided in clinical settings by a dietitian (68%) or doctor (51%), in one-on-one (70%) sessions. While most participants reported receiving core diabetes knowledge, fewer reported education on topics that are not related to their daily routine, such as what to do about diabetes medications when sick. ConclusionThe self-reported diabetes education experience varies in content, modality, setting, and education provider. Education receipt is low, and for those who receive education, the amount is low. Practical ImplicationsThe diabetes education experience may fall short of the comprehensive US National Standards-recommended process. Innovative strategies are needed to address these gaps.

Public knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus, its risk factors, complications, and prevention methods among adults in Poland-A 2022 nationwide cross-sectional survey.

Regular monitoring of public awareness of diabetes is necessary to provide effective educational and preventive strategies. This study aimed to assess (1) public knowledge and awareness of diabetes among adults in Poland, as well as (2) to identify sociodemographic factors associated with public awareness of diabetes. This cross-sectional survey was carried out between 24 and 27 June 2022, on a non-probability random quota sample of 1,051 adults in Poland. The questionnaire included ten questions related to the awareness of risk factors, symptoms, and complications of diabetes. Among the respondents, 10.5% had diabetes and 43.8% declared that they have a history of diabetes in their family. Only 17.3% of respondents declared a good level of knowledge of diabetes. Out of 10 symptoms of diabetes analyzed in this study, high blood sugar (80.7%) and chronic fatigue (74.6%) were the most recognized. Out of 8 diabetes risk factors analyzed in this study, overweight/obesity (80.4%) and unhealthy diet (74.1%) were the most recognized diabetes risk factors, while only 22.7% of respondents indicated tobacco use. The diabetic foot was the most recognized diabetes complication (79.8%), but approximately half of the respondents indicated vision problems (56.9%), kidney damage (52.1%), or cardiovascular diseases (50.2%) as diabetes complications. Female gender, having higher education and having a family member with diabetes were the most im-portent factors associated (p < 0.05) with a higher level of awareness of diabetes. This study demonstrated insufficient public awareness of diabetes among adults in Poland. Gender and educational level were the most important factors significantly associated with the awareness of the selected aspects of diabetes, while self-reported financial situation and place of residence had none or marginal influence. The presented data manifest the importance of adopting a comprehensive education strategy regarding diabetes in Poland.

Knowledge on diabetes and its related factors among the people with type 2 diabetes in Thailand: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health problem with complications related to knowledge guiding self-care. Limited knowledge might result in poor control of blood glucose, but there is no previous investigation measuring diabetes knowledge in people diagnosed with T2DM in Thailand. This study was aimed to investigate level of diabetes knowledge and related factors among people with T2DM in Thailand.MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted in a Northeastern province in Thailand among 276 people with T2DM, 195 women and 81 men, using a standardized self-report questionnaire, the Diabetes Knowledge Test. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, and independent samples t-test.ResultsThe majority of respondents had poor diabetes knowledge in all subscales; total knowledge of diabetes (96.7%), general knowledge of diabetes (71.7%), and insulin use knowledge (92.3%). There was no difference found in knowledge scores between males and females. Having finished secondary school education or higher, being employed, or having diabetes-related complications were related to increased total diabetes knowledge and general diabetes knowledge.ConclusionThe people with T2DM had poor diabetes knowledge, and those using insulin also had poor knowledge about the use of insulin.

Family Diabetes Camp Amidst COVID-19: A Community of Practice Model

Studies have found that youth are experiencing higher anxiety levels than prior to COVID-19, and youth with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk. Medical specialty camps are a type of camp that provide opportunities for youth with chronic illnesses to share common goals, increase socialization, improve camper well-being, and increase knowledge of diabetes management. The program evaluation sought to determine the impact of a campers’ outcomes of independence and perceived competence and familial impact during COVID-19. Over half the participants were at their first diabetes camp and 71% of the campers felt their perceived competence “increased a little bit” because of camp. Over 95% of parents felt that their participation in camp had increased their diabetes knowledge. Qualitative data from parents revealed 2 themes, camp as a meeting place and learning from others. The findings from this study demonstrate that medical specialty camps influence campers’ perceptions of independence and competence and that families play an important role in creating a community of practice.

Intermediate hyperglycaemia, diabetes and blood pressure in rural Bangladesh: five-year post-randomisation follow-up of the DMagic cluster-randomised controlled trial

The DMagic trial showed that participatory learning and action (PLA) community mobilisation delivered through facilitated community groups, and mHealth voice messaging interventions improved diabetes knowledge in Bangladesh and the PLA intervention reduced diabetes occurrence. We assess intervention effects three years after intervention activities stopped. Five years post-randomisation, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among a random sample of adults aged ≥30-years living in the 96 DMagic villages, and a cohort of individuals identified with intermediate hyperglycaemia at the start of the DMagic trial in 2016. Primary outcomes were: 1) the combined prevalence of intermediate hyperglycaemia and diabetes; 2) five-year cumulative incidence of diabetes among the 2016 cohort of individuals with intermediate hyperglycaemia. Secondary outcomes were: weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure, knowledge and behaviours. Primary analysis compared outcomes at the cluster level between intervention arms relative to control. Data were gathered from 1623 (82%) of the randomly selected adults and 1817 (87%) of the intermediate hyperglycaemia cohort. 2018 improvements in diabetes knowledge in mHealth clusters were no longer observable in 2021. Knowledge remains significantly higher in PLA clusters relative to control but no difference in primary outcomes of intermediate hyperglycaemia and diabetes prevalence (OR (95%CI) 1.23 (0.89, 1.70)) or five-year incidence of diabetes were observed (1.04 (0.78, 1.40)). Hypertension (0.73 (0.54, 0.97)) and hypertension control (2.77 (1.34, 5.75)) were improved in PLA clusters relative to control. PLA intervention effect on intermediate hyperglycaemia and diabetes was not sustained at 3 years after intervention end, but benefits in terms of blood pressure reduction were observed. Medical Research Council UK: MR/M016501/1 (DMagic trial); MR/T023562/1 (DClare study), under the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) Diabetes and Scale-up Programmes, respectively.

Evaluation of the knowledge of type 2 diabetic patients on diabetes in the Endocrinology-Diabetology Department of the Yopougon University Hospital, Abidjan

The diabetic patient's knowledge of his pathology is integral to his care, and his training in this area has become a public health priority. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of type 2 diabetic patients followed in the Endocrinology Department of the University Hospital of Yopougon. We carried out a cross-sectional and analytical descriptive study in 2019, in type 2 diabetic patients followed for at least one year who consented to participate in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed for the study and administered by the investigators. A total of 137 patients were included, of which 68.7% were women. The overall level of patient knowledge was insufficient at 59%, 53.1% had a blood glucose meter and only 15.7% had already attended at least two therapeutic education sessions (TPE) conducted in the service. The threshold for defining diabetes was known in 17.7% of patients, signs of hyperglycemia were known in 70.6% of patients, and symptoms of hypoglycemia were known in 53.1% of them. Chronic complications were known in 72.8% of patients. After multivariate logistic regression, the factors associated with a good level of knowledge were: possession of a blood glucose meter p&lt;0.01, high school level p&lt;0.01, and duration of diabetes p=0.02. The higher the school level or the older diabetes, the better the level of knowledge was p&lt;0.01.

Design and Psychometrics of Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire

Background: Due to the important role played by knowledge in controlling and managing diabetes in most educational interventions, the assessment of the individuals’ levels of knowledge is regarded as a key variable when planning the given interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to design and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Diabetic Knowledge Questionnaire for Iranian diabetic patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to May 2021 in Yazd, to examine 400 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by adopting the simple random sampling method. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out to evaluate the validity, and 2 methods of test-retest and internal consistency were used to evaluate the reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and Amos 21 software. Results: The questionnaire’s items were classified into 6 factors based on factor analysis method; that is, a total of 27 questions with the dimensions of general, hypoglycemia, complications, nutrition, physical activity, and insulin were included. Questions 1 to 24 were allocated to patients with oral therapy, and questions 25 to 27 were allocated to patients under insulin therapy. These factors altogether accounted for 78% of the total variance. The internal correlation coefficient (ICC) for the knowledge questionnaire as a whole was 0.85, which demonstrated an acceptable level of reliability. Also, Pearson correlation coefficient of reliability between test times (test-retest) was found to be 0.92. Conclusions: The instrument was a valid scale designed to assess the awareness of patients with T2DM about various aspects of the disease. However, it was suggested that further studies should be conducted to investigated the patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as well as patients with different age groups and education levels.

Clinical factors influencing knowledge and self-care practice among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The objective of the study was to determine the clinical factors associated with knowledge and self-care practice among adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Descriptive cross-sectional design. A convenience sample of 330 participants was recruited over 3-months in 2018 and data were collected using a structured instrument. Participants on insulin treatment modality had four times higher odds of knowledge on diabetes (B=4.17, p=0.023) while those on combined therapy (both oral hypoglycaemic agent and insulin) had 7.26 times higher odds of knowledge (B=7.26, p < 0.001). Participants without medically confirmed diabetic complications had 3.66 higher odds of knowledge of diabetes (B=3.66, p=0.002). Participants on insulin treatment modality had a 1.4-fold higher odds of self-care practice (B=1.4, p=0.028). It was revealed that participants with hypertension and diabetic foot had lower odds of self-care practice (B=-1.13, p=0.021). In particular, participants who were on insulin and combined therapy (tablet and insulin) had higher knowledge and better self-care practice. Self-care was significantly influenced among those with, than those without diabetic foot and hypertension as complications.

Knowledge of Diabetes among Diabetic Patients Attending at Tertiary Level Hospital

Background: The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus is growing at an alarming rate across the globe. Obtaining knowledge regarding diabetes is the initial step in formulating a prevention program for diabetes which can assist in the early detection of the disease and reduce complications. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding aspects of diabetes among diabetic patients. &#x0D; Methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive cross-sectional research design at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). A purposive sampling technique was adopted. Data was collected in 3 months from December 2017 to March 2018 by using a structured questionnaire through interview method among 422 respondents fulfilling the inclusion criteria attending in medical OPD. Analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. &#x0D; Results: The study findings revealed that nearly half of the respondents (43.4%) had moderately adequate knowledge, 36.5% of respondents had adequate and 20.1% had inadequate knowledge on diabetes mellitus. The overall knowledge score was 65.37±SD17.58. Knowledge scores in different aspects of diabetes revealed that respondents had adequate knowledge on diet (79.3%), medicine (78.4%), complications with diabetes mellitus (75.8%) and moderately adequate knowledge was found on the meaning of diabetes (62.5%), exercise (67%), diabetic foot care (52.6%), blood glucose monitoring (53.3%) and follow up visit (75.8%). Diabetic patient’s age (0.026), sex (0.012), education (&lt;0.001), occupation (&lt;0.001), area of residence (0.005) and attended in diabetic counseling (&lt;0.001) were significantly associated with level of knowledge. &#x0D; Conclusion: It is concluded that less than half of the diabetes patients have adequate knowledge on diabetes mellitus and it is associated with age, sex, education, occupation, area of residence and attended diabetic counseling. &#x0D;