Diabetes Knowledge Research Articles

Evaluation of Social Platform-Based Continuity of Care in Improving Cognitive and Prognostic Effects of Young Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy.

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of social platform-based continuity of care in improving cognitive and prognostic effects of young age diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR). A total of 88 young age diabetic patients admitted to the outpatient clinic of First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Endocrine and Ophthalmology Outpatient) from January 2021 to May 2022 were recruited and assigned via random number table method to receive either routine follow-up care (routine group) or social platform-based continuity of care (WeChat group), with 44 patients in each group. Treatment compliance, cognitive-behavioral ability, self-care ability (self-care responsibility, self-care skills, self-status, knowledge of diabetic retinopathy), quality of life (physical function, psychosocial, symptom and visual function, social activity), and prognosis of the patients were analyzed to investigate the effectiveness of WeChat social platform-based continuity of care. All patients were followed up for one year. Patients receiving WeChat social platform-based continuity of care exhibited obviously higher treatment compliance and better cognitive-behavioral ability, self-care responsibility, self-care skills, self-state, and diabetic retinopathy knowledge follow-up than those with routine care (P<0.05). Patients in the WeChat group had significantly better physical function, mental psychology, symptoms and visual function, and social activity levels than those in the routine group (P<0.05). WeChat-based continuity of care resulted in a significantly lower incidence of visual acuity loss and diabetic retinopathy during follow-up than routine care (P<0.05). WeChat social platform-based continuity of care effectively improves treatment compliance and diabetic retinopathy awareness, and enhances self-care ability of young patients with diabetes mellitus. The life quality of these patients is improved and the risk of poor prognosis has been reduced.

Diyabet Bilgi Düzeyinin Artırılmasında Kavram Haritası ile Geleneksel Anlatıma Dayalı Öğretim Yönteminin Karşılaştırılması

Purpose: This study aims to compare the effects of the traditional and concept mapping methods on knowledge levels of the nursing students on diabetes. Methods: This pretest posttest semi-experimental study was conducted on 56 second grade nursing students randomly assigned into two groups of 28 people. The intervention group was taught through concept mapping method, while the control group was taught using traditional method. Categorical variables were compared by using chi-square test whereas the age of the participants was evaluated by using t-test. Continuous variables were compared using Wilcoxon test, Mann Whitney U test or Friedman test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the pretest scores of the intervention and the control groups on diabetes knowledge (p=0.941). However, following the lectures, median values of the intervention group was statistically significantly higher than the control group (p=0.001). Comparison of the scores obtained by the concept mapping and traditional learning groups from the pretest, second test and final test showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.001). Conclusions: In achieving th elevel of nursing students’ learning in Diabet, it seems that the concept mapping method was more effective than the traditional method. In conclusion that concept mapping as the educational method could encourage a group of nursing students knowledge of diabetes, which might ultimately result in beter nursing care quality.

Revision and Psychometric Evaluation of the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire for People With Type 2 Diabetes.

Diabetes knowledge is associated with health, including lower A1C levels. The Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ-24), developed 30 years ago for Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes and since used with diverse samples in many countries, contains outdated items that no longer accurately assess current knowledge needed for diabetes self-management. We revised the DKQ-24 and tested psychometric properties of the DKQ-Revised (DKQ-R) with a diverse sample. We conducted a five-phase instrumentation study as follows: 1) DKQ-24 items were revised to reflect current diabetes care standards; 2) the Delphi method was used to evaluate the DKQ-R's content validity (n = 5 experts); 3) cognitive interviews were conducted with people with type 2 diabetes (n = 5) to assess their interpretations of DKQ-R items; 4) cross-sectional administration of the DKQ-R to adults with type 2 diabetes was carried out to assess internal consistency reliability and convergent validity; and 5) an item analysis was conducted using discrimination index and point biserial analysis. After receiving the experts' feedback and conducting the cognitive interviews, 39 items were administered to 258 participants with type 2 diabetes (42.2% women; 29.1% Latino, 42.6% Asian, mean age 55.7 years). To select the final items, we considered the item discrimination index, as well as item-to-total correlations, content area, and participant feedback. The final 22-item DKQ-R uses the same yes/no/I don't know response format as the DKQ-24. The DKQ-R is strongly correlated with the DKQ-24 (r = 0.71, P <0.01) and is weakly correlated with diabetes numeracy (r = 0.23, P <0.01), indicating adequate convergent validity; a Kuder-Richardson-20 coefficient of 0.77 indicated good reliability. The DKQ-R is a reliable and valid updated measure of diabetes knowledge for diverse populations with type 2 diabetes.

A New Healer in the Treatment of Diabetes and Diabetic Wounds: Stevia rebaudiana

Diabetes, one of the most common diseases in the world, causes a decrease in the formation of macrophages, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, platelets, and, fibroblasts, which play a role in the cellular response to tissue damage in wound healing, and a decrease in the cytokines they secrete, inflammatory mediators, or growth factors, making wound healing difficult. As the healing period of the wounds increases, the psychology of the patients is adversely affected by the inability to return to their daily routines, the loss the of workforce increases, and the country's economy is adversely affected. In the last decades, because of the increase in many diseases such as diabetes and diabetes-related wounds, the use of calorie-free foods and herbal treatment methods has been preferred. Plants are increasingly being used as a source of pharmaceutical medications since they are simple to obtain, have no negative side effects, are affordable, and are simple to utilize. In order to meet these needs, sweeteners containing stevia extracts or components, obtained from the Stevia rebaudiana plant, that are calorie-free and 300 fold sweeter than cane sugar, have been on the market for some time. Despite the fact that Stevia rebaudiana, often known as sugar grass, is not a commonly utilized plant around the globe, it is possible to find literature that claims it is used as a preventive and curative for a variety of diseases. Although Stevia rebaudiana has various biological effects such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor, and antimicrobial, knowledge of diabetes and its effects on diabetic wound healing are limited. The purpose of this review is to evaluate how effectively Stevia rebaudiana treats diabetes and diabetic wounds.

Diabetes self-management and its related factors among Chinese young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

To explore the status quo of self-management among young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the determinants of self-management under the guidance of social cognitive theory. A cross-sectional study. In total, 227 young adults (18-44 years old) with T2DM at two hospitals in Beijing completed the questionnaires. The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) was used, along with additional questionnaires about diabetes self-efficacy, attitude, diabetes distress, diabetes knowledge, coping styles and social support. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore the related factors of self-management among the young patients. The scores for the SDSCA in diet, exercise, blood-glucose testing, foot care and medication taking were (4.16 ± 1.51), (3.46 ± 2.50), (2.28 ± 2.24), (1.08 ± 1.84) and (6.09 ± 1.88), respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that fasting blood-glucose value was significantly associated with self-management behaviours of diet, exercise, blood-glucose testing and medication taking. Self-efficacy was significantly associated with self-management behaviours of diet, exercise and foot care. Diabetes distress, diabetes-related social activity, confrontation, education, duration of T2DM, treatment modalities and diabetes knowledge were associated with the one or two dimensions of SDSCA in the young adults with T2DM.

Medication Adherence and Its Associated Factors among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending Primary Health Centers of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Medication adherence by patients with diabetes is critical, as it plays a crucial role in individuals' long-term health and well-being. We evaluated the medication adherence, illness perception, diabetes knowledge, and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending primary health centers (PHCs) in the eastern province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) using a validated Arabic version of a data collection form. In order to identify the variables that are associated with medication adherence, we applied a logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, we performed the Spearman test to find the correlation between medication adherence, illness perception, and diabetes knowledge. Of the 390 studied patients, 21.5% had low medication adherence, and it was significantly associated with gender (adjusted OR (AOR) = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.27-2.73, p = 0.003) and duration of diabetes (AOR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.67-0.95, p = 0.017). Furthermore, we found a significant positive correlation between medication adherence and illness perception (rho = 0.217, p = 0.007) and knowledge of diabetes and medication adherence (rho = 0.425, p < 0.001). We recommend improving T2DM patients' knowledge about the importance of adherence to their medication regimen in several health education sessions at the PHCs. In addition, we recommend mixed-method medication adherence assessment surveys in different parts of the KSA.

Self-Management of Diabetes and Associated Factors among Patients Seeking Chronic Care in Tshwane, South Africa: A Facility-Based Study.

The burden of diabetes continues to increase in South Africa and a significant number of diabetes patients present at public primary healthcare facilities with uncontrolled glucose. We conducted a facility-based cross-sectional study to determine the diabetes self-management practices and associated factors among out-patients in Tshwane, South Africa. An adapted validated questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemography, diabetes knowledge, and summaries of diabetes self-management activities measured in the previous seven days, and over the last eight weeks. Data were analysed using STATA 17. A final sample of 402 diabetes out-patients was obtained (mean age: 43 ± 12 years) and over half of them were living in poor households. The mean total diabetes self-management of score was 41.5 ± 8.2, with a range of 21 to 71. Almost two thirds of patients had average self-management of diabetes, and 55% had average diabetes knowledge. Twenty-two percent of patients had uncontrolled glucose, hypertension (24%) was the common comorbidity, and diabetic neuropathy (22%) was the most common complication. Sex [male: AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.34-0.90], race [Coloured: AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.69-4.77 and White: AOR = 3.84, 95% CI: 1.46-10.1], marital status [divorced: AOR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.13-10.29], social support [average: AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.05-6.00 and good: AOR = 4.49, 95% CI: 1.61-7.57], body mass index [obesity: AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.10-0.95], diabetes knowledge [average: AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.33-0.10 and good: AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 0.71-4.91], and uncontrolled glucose [AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.47-5.98] were factors independently predictive of diabetes self-management. This study emphasizes that the self-management of diabetes was mostly on average among patients and was associated with the aforementioned factors. Innovative approaches are perhaps needed to make diabetes education more effective. Face-to-face sessions delivered generally during clinic visits should be better tailored to the individual circumstances of diabetes patients. Considerations should be given to the options of leveraging information technology to ensure the continuity of diabetes education beyond clinic visits. Additional effort is also needed to meet the self-care needs of all patients.

Veterans' Experiences of Support in Managing Comorbid Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in patients with Type 2 diabetes, more so in veterans compared with nonveterans. Positive airway pressure is the recommended first-line treatment for OSA. However, adherence to both positive airway pressure and diabetes management regimens can be challenging for older adults. Support from family or friends may improve glucose control or sleep-apnea-related symptoms, yet the evidence is limited when both conditions coexist. This study aimed to describe veterans' experiences of support from family and friends with managing comorbid sleep apnea and Type 2 diabetes. We conducted a postal survey of older veterans with OSA and Type 2 diabetes from one healthcare system. Questions include demographic and health-related information, information about sleep apnea and diabetes treatment and education received, related support from family or a friend, perceived benefits of regular positive airway pressure device use on improving sleep health, and perceived benefits of education for family or a friend on sleep apnea and diabetes. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Of 145 respondents (mean age = 72 years), 43% reported receiving help for Type 2 diabetes from family or a friend. Almost two thirds of the respondents were currently using a positive airway pressure device, of whom 27% received support with device use from family or friends. About one third of veterans perceived family and friends receiving education on treating sleep apnea and diabetes to be very or extremely helpful. Such perceived benefit was higher among those who were married or identified as non-White. Veterans using a positive airway pressure device had lower hemoglobin A1c levels than nonusers. Veterans perceived that additional education for the individuals providing support would be beneficial. Future studies could address interventions to increase sleep apnea and Type 2 diabetes knowledge among families and friends of veterans with these comorbid conditions. In addition, patients' adherence to positive airway pressure may be enhanced by support from family and friends.

Assessment of knowledge of diabetes mellitus among female community health volunteers (FCHV) of Jiri, Nepal

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global epidemic with significant disability and premature death. Identification of the level of knowledge related to diabetes among the health workers is important in strategies for prevention of diabetes mellitus. Method: This study was conducted as a community based study in Jiri Hospital in Dolakha district. All the FCHV working in the Dolakha district were selected for this study. Data was collected using Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ). Data was analysed using SPSS programme version 16.0. Result: A total of 90 participants were included in the study. Average score obtained was 15 out of 24. There was not significant association found between educational background and score (p-value=0.8835) No significant difference between the age groups and scores was found (p-value=0.5485). No FCHV’s had received training on diabetes mellitus. Having a family member with diabetes did not impact the obtained score (p-value= 0.9511). Conclusion: This study did not show any relation on knowledge with age, educational background or having a family member with diabetes.

The influence of a diabetes awareness program on diabetes knowledge, risk perception, and practices among university students

AimTo compare diabetes mellitus (DM) knowledge, risk perception, and health practices before and after a mass awareness program among Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University students, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. MethodsA DM awareness program was conducted between November 2020 and February 2021 in three phases (total 13 weeks). The program comprised educational messages, short videos, virtual lectures, and peer-to-peer education. A total of 558 participants (before group, n = 360; after group, n = 198) were included in the study. ResultsMajority of the students had normal body mass index (BMI). The knowledge scores were significantly higher after the program (median 16, quartile range 13–18) than before (median 14, quartile range 12–16) (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in risk perception between the two groups (p > 0.05). In addition, increased moderate practice score and decreased poor practice score (p < 0.001) were observed. Factors influencing DM knowledge were higher education and awareness. Factors influencing health practices were higher BMI and knowledge after the program. ConclusionDM awareness program improved DM knowledge and health practices among university students.

Factors associated with Diabetes Empowerment among patients with type 2 diabetes, at OPD setting, Karachi, Pakistan

Diabetes Empowerment is important for diabetic control as it postpones the onset of complications. This study aimed to investigate the association of medication adherence, self-care behaviors, and diabetes knowledge with Diabetes Empowerment among patients with type II diabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 451 type II diabetes patients attending Endocrinology clinics at OPD setting in Karachi. Data was collected electronically using a structured questionnaire comprising of tools to measure Diabetes Empowerment, medication adherence, self-care behaviors, diabetes knowledge, and socioeconomic scale. It also included health-related information from patients’ medical record. As outcome variable was continuous, so multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the independent effect of Diabetes Empowerment on medication adherence, self-care behaviors and diabetes knowledge with other co-variates. The mean Diabetes Empowerment score was 3.62 (SD = 0.31). The mean age of the participants was 56.68 (SD = 11.76). 53.88% were females, 80.71% were married, 77.56% were obese, and 66.30% were upper-middle class with average diabetes duration of 11.7 years (SD = 7.89). HbA1c values were ≥ 7 in 63.41% of study participants. Diabetes Empowerment was significantly associated with medication adherence (P = 0.001), general diet (P < 0.001), special diet (P = 0.011), smoking status (P = 0.001), and socioeconomic status (upper lower, P = 0.085). A comprehensive strategy for the treatment of type II diabetes is essential to enhance clinical results, improve patient quality of life, and prevent diabetes-related comorbidities. People with type II diabetes should be encouraged to embrace an empowerment-based approach by healthcare providers. It is critical to do research that promotes empowerment.

Assessment of diabetic patients' knowledge of the diabetic foot

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Diabetes knowledge and training needs among non-endocrinology nurses

BackgroundIt is necessary to determine the diabetes knowledge level among non-endocrinology nurses in primary care hospitals to develop continuing education strategies. MethodA questionnaire survey was conducted among 6819 non-endocrinology nurses in 70 primary hospitals in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to assess their diabetes knowledge level and training needs. Factors affecting knowledge level were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. ResultsDiabetes knowledge was low, particularly for diabetes monitoring. Knowledge was higher in nurses who had in-service education and training in diabetes; most believed that training was necessary and hoped to improve their ability to care for diabetic patients. The most suitable training method was considered to be each nurse was taught by an assigned person after centralized specialized education and training. ConclusionNon-endocrinology nurses in primary care hospitals lack knowledge of diabetes and have a strong need for training. Systematic training is required to ensure that patients receive high-quality and comprehensive care.

Assessment the awareness toward hypertension and diabetes mellitus: Syrian cross sectional study

BackgroundDiabetes and arterial hypertension are the two most common types of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) impacting people globally. There is no prior research on the Syrian population’s knowledge and treatment of hypertension and diabetes. It is crucial to investigate how the Syrian public understands and perceives these disorders in order to address the increased incidence and prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. This research intends to assess the level of hypertension and diabetes-related awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practices among Syrian individuals.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted online between 1 August and 25 August 2022. The questionnaire for the study was developed based on previous research, and the inclusion criteria for the sample were Syrian residents older than 18 who presently live in Syria. The survey consisted four sections: sociodemographics information, WHO STEPS survey instrument on knowledge of and lifestyle determinants for hypertension and diabetes, respondents’ knowledge of and comprehension of hypertension and diabetes, and respondents’ awareness of these disorders.ResultsAmong 976 participants, 65.8% were females. the most common causes for hypertension from the perspective of participants were (90.1%) for stress, (87%) High salt consumption, (82.1%) genetics, (78.2%) old age, (78%) obesity (69%) anxiety, and (38.6%) for drug usage. Primary and middle school educational status participants had greater hypertension knowledge (92.3%) than other educational levels. There was a statistical significant difference between the knowledge toward the hypertension and the drinking alcohol, which the nonalcoholic knowledgeable persons were the most common (819 / 976)(P < 0.05). Participants whose lifestyles did not include alcohol use had a higher hypertension knowledge level (90.3%). Participants who do not consume alcohol have shown better hypertension knowledge (90.3%) than those who do (81.9%). Almost age groups have shown good knowledge of diabetes, especially participants aged above 55 (93.8%). However, most individuals have examined blood pressure (82.3%), whereas fewer than half had screened for blood sugar (64.4%). About 82.2% of individuals check their blood pressure frequently, whereas 6.2% monitor their blood sugar. There were significant associations between hypertension knowledge and gender, education, employment, and economic position (P value < 0.05). Men (mean = 8.39, SD = 2.02, P-value < 0.05) have a higher hypertension knowledge than females, and knowledge of hypertension among participants was shown to be higher among those in good income status than other economic levels (mean = 8.34, SD = 1.98). Age, gender, education, employment, and marital status were all associated with diabetes knowledge. Participants between the ages of 40 and 55 showed better knowledge of diabetes compared to other age groups (mean = 11.32, SD = 2.54); also, men demonstrated greater knowledge of diabetes than females (mean = 10.76, SD = 2.79).ConclusionWe indicated that the Syrian population has a good to moderate understanding of hypertension and diabetes. However, there is still a shortage of standardized, regular screening practices. Since individuals remain involved in unhealthy lifestyle habits, it is vital to provide accurate information about hypertension and diabetes to encourage them to make healthy changes.

A Telemedicine System Intervention for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Pilot Feasibility Crossover Intervention Study.

Today's diabetes-oriented telemedicine systems can gather and analyze many parameters like blood glucose levels, carbohydrate intake, insulin doses, and physical activity levels (steps). Information collected can be presented to patients in a variety of graphical outputs. Despite the availability of several technical means, a large percentage of patients do not reach the goals established in their diabetes treatment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the benefits of the Diani telemedicine system for the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Data were collected during a 24-week feasibility study. Patients responded to the World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire and a system evaluation questionnaire. The level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the patient's body weight were measured, and the patient's use of the telemedicine system and their daily physical activity level were monitored. All data were sent from the patient's device to the Diani server using a real-time diabetes diary app. Wilcoxon and Friedman tests and the linear mixed effects method were used for data analysis. This study involved 10 patients (men: n=5; women: n=5), with a mean age of 47.7 (SD 19.3) years, a mean duration of diabetes of 10.5 (SD 8.6) years, and a mean HbA1c value of 59.5 (SD 6.7) mmol/mol. The median number of days the patients used the system was 84. After the intervention, the mean HbA1c decreased by 4.35 mmol/mol (P=.01). The patients spent 18.6 (SD 6.8) minutes on average using the app daily. After the intervention, the number of patients who measured their blood glucose level at least 3 times a day increased by 30%. The graphical visualization of the monitored parameters, automatic transmission of measured data from the glucometer, compatibility, and interconnection of individual devices when entering data were positively evaluated by patients. The Diani system was found to be beneficial for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in terms of managing their disease. Patients perceived it positively; it strengthened their knowledge of diabetes and their understanding of the influences of the measured values on the management of their disease. Its use had a positive effect on the HbA1c level.

Knowledge into Action: Preliminary Results of an Assessment of Clinicians’ Intention to Use Inlow’s 60-second Diabetic Foot Screen

In 2022, Wounds Canada updated Inlow's 60-second Diabetic Foot Screen tool to increase its functionality and, ultimately, its ease of use in clinical practice. The new version was launched at a workshop held at the Diabetes Canada national conference in Calgary, Alberta in November 2022. As a part of continuing professional development (CPD) the workshop focused on the understanding of the importance and role of diabetic foot screening in the diabetes care setting, developing skills and knowledge about when and how to screen for diabetic foot disease and understanding how to implement the diabetic foot care pathway through use of the tool. CPD encompasses the multiple educational and developmental activities that healthcare and social service professionals undertake to maintain and enhance their knowledge, skills, performance and relationships in the provision of health care and social services. Thus, as part of the processes we assessed the impact of CPD activities on participants' intentions to use Inlow's 60-second Diabetic Foot Screen after the workshop. These preliminary results illustrate the potential of using the CPD-REACTION tool, a theoretically validated questionnaire, in CPD activities for Inlow's 60-second Diabetic Foot Screen. This can improve its implementation, its scaling, and ultimately its impact on clinical practice across all care settings and on population health.

Assessment of the level of knowledge about diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients: A cross-sectional study from Nepal

Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) often associated with poor psychosocial and health outcomes. Available evidence suggests that patients’ knowledge about the disease is fundamental to its treatment and prevention or delaying of complications. Therefore, this study assessed the level of knowledge of diabetes patients on diabetes mellitus and its associated factors. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study using a translated Nepalese version of the revised Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Scale was conducted among randomly selected patients with diabetes mellitus presenting to the outpatient department (OPD) of Madhyabindu Hospital, Nepal. Data were collected via an interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed with MS Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS version 25 software. Results Among the 360 participants, 27.2% had good knowledge of diabetes and 72.8% had poor knowledge. Age, level of education, occupation, family history of diabetes, duration of the disease, presence of comorbidity, complications and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with knowledge of diabetes mellitus (p-value ≤ 0.05). Conclusions Based on the study findings, it is important that diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) programs should be implemented and/or strengthened at the Madhyabindu Hospital and targeted communities to improve diabetes patient’s knowledge on their disease condition and self-care practices.

Diabetes Knowledge among Caregivers of Pediatric Diabetic Patients in Sudan, Khartoum State

Background: The global prevalence of type I diabetes has been rising, with the current estimated incidence in Sudan of 10.1 per 100,000. Type I diabetes often develops in children, and their caregivers’ knowledge about it is crucial in managing it and preventing complications. This study was conducted to assess Sudanese diabetic patients’ caregivers regarding their children's condition. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted among Sudanese caregivers of pediatrics with type 1 diabetes mellitus present to the outpatient of Jaafar Bin Auf Hospital, Ahmed Qasim Hospital, and Jabber AbuEla center from December 2021 to march 2022. Data was collected using a structured and tested questionnaire, then entered and analyzed using SPSS V 28. Results and Conclusion: Two hundred participants responded (response rate 83%), with females, predominating (n=144), Overall, the mean knowledge score of the participants was 57± 20 out of 100. More than half 52% (n=104) had fair knowledge about diabetes, nearly one-third 33.5% (n=67) had poor knowledge, and only 14.5% (n=29) had good knowledge about diabetes. Females had significantly higher knowledge scores than males (p-value 0.03), a significant difference between educational levels was found p-value 0.01), and a significant difference was found between those who received knowledge about diabetes and those who hadn’t; with those who attended courses had the highest mean score (84± 26) followed by those who obtained knowledge from doctors (61± 19) (p-value 0.001). In conclusion the study found that Sudanese caregivers of diabetic children had a fair knowledge of Type 1 diabetes. Some areas of knowledge defect include diabetes symptoms, follow-up, and complications. Females, education, and receiving knowledge from courses and doctors were associated with good knowledge. Conduction of diabetes awareness programs with more focused approaches is recommended.

Blood glucose level testing in Poland - do socio-economic factors influence its frequency? Anationwide cross-sectional survey.

The number of patients diagnosed with diabetes is constantly increasing. Opportunistic screening for diabetes, based on blood glucose tests, can result in early diagnosis and mitigation of its complications. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of blood-glucose tests in adults in Poland, and factors associated with the frequency of blood-glucose tests, including respondents' knowledge about diabetes. In June 2022, a nationwide cross-sectional survey was carried out among adults in Poland.` The survey used a computer-assisted web interview technique and a self-developed questionnaire that included questions on respondents' self-reported knowledge of diabetes, time since last blood glucose test and socio-demographic characteristics of participants. The study population comprised 1,051 individuals aged 18-85 years, among whom 53.3% were females. Over a third of respondents (36.3%) declared a bad or rather bad knowledge about diabetes. Almost half of the respondents (48.7%) had a blood glucose test in the last 12 months, and 12.4% declared that they had never had a blood glucose test. Among respondents without diagnosed diabetes, female gender (OR=1.30, 0.96-1.76; p=0.009), age over 50 years (p<0.05), history of diabetes in the respondent's family (OR=1.83, 1.33-2.51; p<0.001), and good or at least moderate level of knowledge of diabetes were significantly associated (p<0.05) on blood glucose test frequency. The presented data manifest the need to intensify screening for diabetes combined with implementing a comprehensive education strategy regarding diabetes in Poland.

ChatGPT's Response to the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire: Implications for Diabetes Education.

The diabetes epidemic which impacts many people globally necessitates patient education to enhance self-management. Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots hold promise in automizing patient education and lessening healthcare providers' burden. This study assesses the utility of ChatGPT, an AI chatbot created by OpenAI, in responding to the diabetes knowledge questionnaire (24-DKQ). The 24-DKQ, consisting of 24 items, is specifically designed to evaluate patients' diabetes knowledge. We found that ChatGPT accurately answered all 24 questions of the 24-DKQ, and was also able to expand and provide decent explanations. AI technology can serve as an opportunity to create personalized and automated diabetes patient education materials. However, despite AI technology's great potential, its effectiveness remains unclear. It is crucial for researchers, developers, and healthcare professionals to collaborate in order to create AI programs that are validated, reliable, and accurately tailored to the individual needs of people living with diabetes.