Effects of Nurse-Led diabetes Self-Management education on Self-Care knowledge and Self-Care behavior among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending diabetes follow up clinic: A Quasi-Experimental study design

Abstract

IntroductionThe prevalence of type II diabetes is growing globally. Nurse-led diabetes self-management education (DSME) plays an important role in DM treatment because it enhances diabetic self-care knowledge and practice, which in turn improves clinical outcomes. PurposeTo assess the effect of DSME on self-care knowledge and behavior among adult people with type II diabetes attending diabetic follow-up clinics in selected hospitals. MethodsAn institution-based quasi-experimental study design was used, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select 360 patients, out of whom 321 patients participated and 278 completed the study. Participants were assigned to the interventional or control group, and DSME was delivered monthly for six months for the interventional groups. The data was collected by trained nurses using structured interviews. ResultsAn independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference in all of the outcomes before intervention; however, there was a statistically significant higher mean score difference in self-care knowledge and self-care behavior after the delivery of DSME (p < 0.05). Before the intervention, 96 (62.7%), 39 (25.5%), and 18 (11.8%) of participants in the intervention group had low, medium, and high knowledge, respectively. After the intervention, the level of participant knowledge in the low range for an interventional group decreased from 62.7% to 20.6%, and the high range increased from 11.8% to 54%. In addition, 129 (84.3%) and 24 (15.7%) of participants from the intervention group before the intervention had poor and good self-care behaviors, respectively, while 30 (23.6%) and 97 (76.4%) of participants from the intervention group after the intervention had poor and good self-care behaviors, respectively. ConclusionThe study concluded that there was a significant improvement in the mean score of self-care knowledge and self-care behavior after nurse-led DSME; hence, the implementation of DSME in health facilities can improve diabetes self-care management.