Diabetes Health Education Research Articles

Long-Term Complications and their Associated Risk Factors Among Diabetic Patients at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become the epidemic of the 21st century. In Kenya, diabetic patients face multiple risk factors that increase vulnerability to long-term complications. This study explored the factors associated with increased risks to long-term complications among patients with Type 2 DM (T2DM) at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the distribution characteristics of the long-term complications, and collect data of participants’ medical history, physical examination findings and responses of the focused group discussion. We recruited 147 adults with T2DM and 10 nurses involved in diabetes care. Continuous data were analyzed using parametric methods while categorical data were analyzed by Chi- Square tests. Results: Participants faced multiple obstacles as they sought diabetes care at the KNH. Most obstacles resulted from long distance to the facility (43%), inadequate essential services (75.2%) and high costs (66%). Inadequate income (83.7%), psychological stress (91.8%) and obesity (47.6%) were found to be associated with increased vulnerability to complications. Conclusions: At the KNH, diabetes control is inadequate due to limited access to essential health services and the individual participants’ report of facing challenges in self-management. Decentralized comprehensive DM clinics and increased insurance cover would improve access to health services. It is important to implement structured diabetic health education early in the course of the disease taking into account patients’ cultural and socioeconomic variations. These measures would adequately address the modifiable risk factors and decrease the risks of long-term diabetic complications in Kenya.

Rural Collaborative Model for Diabetes Prevention and Management: A Case Study.

Diabetes disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities, rural, and impoverished populations. This case study describes the program components and key lessons learned from implementing Vivir Mejor! (Live Better!), a diabetes prevention and management program tailored for the rural, Mexican American population. The program used workforce innovations and multisector partnerships to engage and activate a rural, mostly Hispanic population. Community health worker (CHW) roles were designed to reach and support distinct populations. Promotoras focused exclusively on health education and patient navigators individually coached patients with chronic disease management issues for the high-risk patient population. To extend diabetes health education to the broader community in Santa Cruz County, promotoras trained lay leaders to become peer educators. Multisector partnerships allowed the program to offer health and social services around diabetes care. The partners also supported provider engagement through continuing education workshops and digital story screening to encourage referrals to the program. Multisector partnerships, including partnering with critical access hospitals, for diabetes management and prevention, as well as using different types of CHWs to implement programs that target high- and low-risk populations are innovative and valuable components of the Vivir Mejor! model.

Effect and postoperative reactions of acupoint catgut embedding for prediabetes

To observe the effect and safety of acupoint catgut embedding for prediabetes. Eighty-six patients with prediabetes were randomly assigned into an observation group and a control group, 43 cases in each one. Diabetes health education was applied in the two groups. Catgut embedding was used at bilateral Pishu (BL 20), Weiwanxiashu (EX-B 3), Ganshu (BL 18), Shenshu (BL 23), and Zusanli (ST 36) in the observation group, once every 15 days for 6 times. The type and number of postoperative reactions of the last time had been recorded since the second embedding, and the situation of the last postoperative reactions was observed 15 days after treatment. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), empty stomach insulin (Ins) and TCM syndrome score were tested before and after treatment as well as 6 months after treatment. The clinical efficacy was evaluated. After treatment, the levels of TC, TG, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c of the observation group were lower than those before treatment and those of the control group (all P<0.05). The Ins changed little after treatment and was not significantly different from that of the control group (both P>0.05). All the above indices had no significant difference at follow-up compared with those before treatment (all P>0.05). After treatment, the TCM syndrome score in the observation group was lower than that before treatment and that in the control group (both P<0.05). The TCM syndrome score at follow-up was better than that before treatment in the observation group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 76.7% (33/43) after treatment, which was superior to 30.2% (13/43) of the control group (P<0.05). The rates at follow-up was 37.2% (16/43) in the observation group and was 25.6% (11/43) in the control group (P>0.05). 18 postoperative reactions occurred 168 times totally after embedding, which could be divided into 5 categories, including 75 times (44.6%) of dietary inhibition, 41 times (24.4%) of abnormal feeling, 23 times (13.7%) of local discomfort, 21 times (12.5%) of general malaise, and 8 times (4.8%) of other symptoms. The postoperative peak responses were after the second and third operations. 3-month catgut embedding can improve some of the indices of prediabetes, but long-term healthy living habits need to be kept. There exist various postoperative reactions after embedding without blocking the treatment.

Knowledge, attitude, practices and their associated factors towards diabetes mellitus among non diabetes community members of Bale Zone administrative towns, South East Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study.

BackgroundDiabetes kills more than 4.9 million adults per year. It becomes rapidly increasing, non-communicable disease—a major threat to global public health particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Though previous studies among diabetic patients were focused in health institution, limited knowledge, attitude and practice were seen. There is no study conducted about diabetes related to knowledge, attitudes, practice and associated factors in the community level.Objective of the studyThe study assessed knowledge, attitude, practices, and its associated factors towards diabetes mellitus among non diabetic community members of Bale Zone, Ethiopia.MethodsCommunity based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 15 to December 15, 2015 among 605 non diabetic community members of Bale Zone administrative towns. Data was collected using pretested structured face-to-face interview after taking informed written consent. Respondents were selected by systematic random sampling. The data was entered into EPI data version 3.1 and analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences version 20. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Finally, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to indicate the independent predictors of knowledge, attitude and practice.ResultResponse rate of the study was 98.2%. About 52.5% of participants were knowledgeable, 55.9% and 56.6% had good attitude and practice respectively. Earning average monthly family income of ≤500 Ethiopian birr (AOR = 0.4, CI = 0.2, 0.6) and 501–1000 (AOR = 0.4, CI = 0.2, 0.7), heard about diabetes (AOR = 4.4, CI = 1.9, 10.2), had diabetes health education exposure (AOR = 5, CI = 2.5, 9.7) resulted to have good diabetes knowledge. Student, (AOR = 5.1, CI = 2.1,12), government/private employee (AOR = 3,CI = 1.4,6.7), merchant (AOR = 2,CI = 1.1,3.6) and Knowledgeable (AOR = 3, CI = 2.1, 4.7) subjects had positive attitude towards diabetes. Having college and above educational level (AOR = 0.33, CI = 0.16, 0.7), having good attitude towards diabetes (AOR = 2, CI = 1.3, 3) had good practiced.ConclusionConsiderable limited knowledge, attitude and practices were seen. A great emphasis on health education regarding symptoms and risk factors modification for diabetes are necessary.

The effectiveness of multimedia education for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of two types of health education on improving knowledge concerning diabetes and insulin injection, insulin injection skills and self-efficacy, satisfaction with health education and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and creatinine levels among patients with type 2 diabetes who began insulin therapy using a pen injector. Insulin therapy is recommended to facilitate the regulation of plasma glucose; however, patient's acceptance of insulin therapy is generally low. Healthcare providers should help them improve their knowledge of diabetes and insulin injection, as well as their insulin injection skills. A randomized repeated measures experimental study design. The experimental (n=21) and control (n=21) groups received multimedia and regular health education programmes, respectively from October 2013-August 2014. Four structured questionnaires were used and videotapes were applied to demonstrate injection skills. Generalized estimating equations showed that the experimental group's scores were significantly higher than those of the control group for diabetes and insulin injection knowledge, insulin injection skills, self-efficacy in insulin injection and satisfaction with health education. On the other hand, an analysis of covariance revealed glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and creatinine levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. Implementation of a multimedia diabetes education programme could improve patients' diabetes and insulin injection knowledge, insulin injection skills, self-efficacy in insulin injection and satisfaction with health education. Healthcare providers should improve quality of patient care by providing multimedia diabetes health education.

Knowledge of diabetes among patients in the United Arab Emirates and trends since 2001: a study using the Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test.

Knowledge of diabetes among patients with the disease in the United Arab Emirates is essential for effective self-management. We assessed the level of diabetes-related knowledge among patients and compared it with that found in previous studies in the same city. A cross-sectional study, using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, was conducted at two clinics in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. The Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test, translated into Arabic, was used to assess knowledge of diabetes. Of 165 participants with diabetes, 130 (78.8%) were women. The mean knowledge score was low at 55% (6.6 out of a maximum possible score of 12, standard deviation 1.8). This is comparable to levels found in previous studies: 55.5% in 2001 and 68.2% in 2006. Misconceptions about the diabetic diet and blood testing were common. The level of diabetes-related knowledge has remained low since 2001. These results are of concern in view of the substantial investments made in diabetes care and health education in the region.

The investigation of mobile communication software “Line” intervention for diabetes nutrition and health education

The investigation of mobile communication software “Line” intervention for diabetes nutrition and health education

The Importance of Social Support on Glycemic Control in Low-income Latinos With Type 2 Diabetes

Background: The U.S. Latino population exhibits poorer glycemic control than the white population, leading to more frequent health complications and greater disease severity. Social support has been shown a significant factor in health and well-being. Purpose: To determine the association between glycemic control and social support in patients enrolled in the Emory Latino Diabetes Education Program (ELDEP). Methods: A descriptive study of the clinical and social support outcomes of 248 Latino patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes enrolled in a Spanish-language, culturally competent diabetes education program. Hemoglobin A1C, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and level of perceived social support were assessed at baseline and after 3 months of the intervention. Results: Patients with low levels of perceived social support at baseline had higher A1C (9.8%) than those who reported moderate–high levels of support (8.9%); however, both groups lowered their HbA1C during follow-up (9.8% to 7.5% and 8.9% to 7.7%, respectively; P < .001). Mean level of social support increased from 21 ± 9 at baseline to 29 ± 7 during follow-up (P < .001). Overall mean HbA1C decreased 9.1% to 7.7% (P < .001). Discussion: Participants in ELDEP have improved clinical indicators of care and increased levels of social support. Translation to Health Education Practice: Diabetes health education programs should consider incorporating social support strengthening to improve health outcomes.

It's like a family: the significance attributed by health professionals to diabetes health education groups.

This article analyzes the significance that health professionals attribute to health education groups for people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This ethnographic study was developed with five professionals from an Expanded Family Health team that operated in five diabetes health education groups. Information was gathered using participant observations and semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed by means of a thematic coding technique. Three different categories emerged: (1) It is a way of educating them: groups as an educational and clinical monitoring forum; (2) they know I will be there for them: the groups as a resource to access the health system; and (3) this serves as a self-help group: after all, what purpose does this group serve? The conclusion reached is that the groups studied were a therapy and support hybrid that, by means of their structure, made it possible for the informants (perhaps, also for the patients) to construct other significance for the standardization of health policies and the dilemma of chronicity. Such hybridization made it possible to create outcomes for the specificities of health work in a "total life" context.

A Survey of Diabetes Health Awareness, Health Education and Foot Care Conducted During Mega Camps in Rural, Semi Urban and Urban Areas

India is a developing country amounts to nearly 7 crores known diabetic patients. Awareness regarding diabetes, foot care, and end organ damages are very poor. At this juncture all sectors of physicians and diabetologists to create awareness is very important factor to control progressive DM. To strengthen this awareness program a new plan of action as be outlined to tackle this burning issue.

Educational Interventions and Glycemic Control: Integrative Review

Glycemic control is an important factor for individuals with diabetes prevent complications such as vascular and kidney disease. Educational interventions carried out by the team, have the potential to support the necessary change in lifestyle, adherence to treatment and a restrictive diet. The aim of this review was to investigate the educational interventions, related to glycemic control in patients with diabetes, published by professionals in the past 10 years. The following databases were queried: Nursing Database (BDENF); Literature in the Health Sciences in Latin America and the Caribbean (LILACS); Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE); Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO); Education Resources Information Center (ERIC); and, American Psychological Association (PsycINFO). The descriptors used for the search were Diabetes AND self-care AND health education, and the period ranged from 2005 to 2015. The initial search resulted in 856 articles, which have gone through both title and summary and, then, to complete reading. After this phase, 11 articles were selected for a comprehensive review. The most cited professional in the intervention with patients was the nurse, in 09 of the 11 studies. Interventions included meeting groups, individual appointments, telephone coaching, advice by e-mail or website with informational material. Health education was predominant in all of them, and the recurring themes covered: disease knowledge, diet, glucose selfmonitoring and physical exercise. Follow-up time was of 06-36 months. The glycated hemoglobin was reduced in 09 out of the 11 articles. In conclusion, we can say that multidisciplinary interventions of education are powerful tools for the greatest benefit to the patient, providing necessary support for coping with the disease.

Considerations in adopting a culturally relevant diabetes health education programme: An Indonesian example

Summary Confronted with data about the rising incidence of diabetes in Indonesia, and the recognition that no national programmes for diabetes education are in place, we conducted a search to identify effective western models of health education that could be considered for implementation in Indonesia. In this paper we report on the findings from the search, and share cultural considerations that would need to be applied if these programmes were adopted for use in Indonesia. We conclude that three structured education programmes, X-PERT, DESMOND and DAFNE, have been shown to be effective in a range of western settings and that these could be adapted for use in Indonesian contexts.

Investigation and analysis of the work status of diabetes specialist nurse

Objective To investigate the work carrying out and learning status of diabetes specialist nurse in training program, in order to optimize diabetes specialist nurse training program and provide evidence for its improvement. Methods The study used E-mail to investigate the nurses′ existing work plant-forms and conditions, diabetes specialist nursing practice, continuing education and improvement by diabetes specialist nurses training scale after the diabetes specialist nurse training. Results A total of 124 diabetes specialist nurses were questioned for the survey, and 80.65% of them were engaged in diabetes health education or diabetes nursing care, and 8.06% of them left from the diabetes care ward because of promotion or redeployment. The biggest problem of engaged in the work of diabetes specialist nursing was lack of diabetes specialist nurse post occupying 48.39%, and 77.42% trained nurses had improved the diabetes nursing care mode and achieved good results. Meanwhile, 20.97% trained nurses′ hospital opened a diabetes care clinic, and 37.1% trained nurses attended the diabetes professional academic exchange. Conclusions The diabetes health education and management were carried out better after diabetes specialist nurse training program compared without training. The training and qualifying of diabetes specialist can improve the status and role of diabetes educator, so as to contribute to the development of diabetes care, education and management. Key words: Diabetes specialist nurse; Training base; Investigation and analysis

Culturally appropriate health education for Type 2 diabetes in ethnic minority groups: an updated Cochrane Review of randomized controlled trials.

To give an updated perspective of interventions from additional data collected since our first review, conducted in 2008. This updated Cochrane Review incorporates new information from recent randomized controlled trials on culturally appropriate diabetes health education interventions. An electronic literature search of six databases was repeated, with databases of ongoing trials checked and three journals hand-searched. Meta-analysis was carried out for sufficiently homogeneous outcomes, and common themes among trials were highlighted. A total of 22 new trials were added to the original 11. Meta-analysis of 28 trials containing suitable data showed significant improvements in glycaemic control (HbA1c ) and diabetes knowledge over a period of 24 months, after the delivery of culturally appropriate education to participants, compared with those receiving 'conventional' care. There were no consistent benefits over the control group in other selected outcome measures, and lack of data continued to make analysis of several outcome measures difficult. Research activity in this field has increased considerably over the past 6 years, with culturally appropriate diabetes education showing consistent benefits over conventional care in terms of glycaemic control and diabetes knowledge, sustained in the short- to mid-term. Further research is needed to determine the clinical significance of these improvements and their cost-effectiveness.

Application of Health Education in Nursing Care of Diabetes

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; To study and analyze the effect of health education in diabetes care. To evaluate the application of health education in diabetes care to provide a reliable reference for future clinical nursing work. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; From April 2010 to March 2014, 124 cases of diabetic patients treated in our hospital were divided into two groups. The control group of 62 patients was without diabetes health education and another group of 62 patients was provided with diabetes health education. Both the groups of patients were compared and analyzed with blood glucose control, diabetes related skills and knowledge. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Upon the implementation of diabetes health education, it was found that the diabetes patients’ of blood glucose control, diabetes related skills and knowledge levels were improved significantly. Two groups of patients undergo treatment for one week, where 62 patients in treatment group and 58 patients in the control group. The fasting blood glucose level of the two groups returned to normal, with 59.7%, difference between the groups. The comparison of two groups of patients through treatment effect had statistical significance (&lt;em&gt;p &lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt; 0.05). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The effective health education in diabetes care can effectively control the patient's symptoms, improve the patients’ quality of life and it is worth to be extensively applied in clinical medicine.&lt;/p&gt;

IDENTIFIKASI DAN STRATEGI PERAWATAN ULKUS DIABETIK BERBASIS SISTEM PAKAR

Abstract The occurrence of cases of amputation due to diabetic ulcers are caused by a lack of knowledge of high society, especially patients with diabetes mellitus on the ulcer treatment. This is due to lack of awareness of personal health check and some nurses are not experts in identifying diabetic ulcers. The identification process is not done properly resulting in an error treatment. Every medical personnel have the ability to identify different diabetic ulcers, treatment strategies and appropriate health education can prevent an increase in the degree of ulcers, amputation and the incidence of recurrent ulcer. Therefore, in this study, carried out to identify the application design with a diabetic ulcer-based expert system. The application design is done in several stages. Steps being taken is the collection of data for the knowledge base, mapping logic paths, manufacture Graphic User Interface (GUI), the making inference engine, weighting and system testing to determine the level of accuracy of the system. This study resulted in the identification of applications for intelligent systems based Diabetic Ulcers with the best accuracy rate amounted 81.25%, with the number of nodes traversed is 30 to 100 nodes. Keywords: Treatment Diabetic ulcers, ulcers Identification, Expert System.

Adherence to anti diabetic medication among patients with diabetes in eastern Uganda; a cross sectional study.

BackgroundLack of adherence to anti diabetic medication causes suboptimal blood sugar control among patients with diabetes and can lead to treatment failures, accelerated development of complications and increased mortality. This study assessed factors associated with adherence to anti diabetic medication in rural eastern Uganda.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among 521 patients with diabetes in Iganga and Bugiri hospitals between October 2012 and January 2013. Respondents were patients who were18 years and above and had been on diabetic treatment for not less than a month. Pretested questionnaires were used. Variables that were collected included socio-demographic characteristics, possible barriers to adherence, and self management efforts. Adherence was assessed using self reports. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done to determine adherence to anti diabetic medication and the associated factors.ResultsThe level of adherence to anti diabetic medication was 83.3% and factors that were independently associated with adherence were; having been on anti diabetic drugs for at least three years (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.11 - 3.22), availability of diabetic drugs (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.54 - 3.70), and having ever had diabetic health education (OR = 4.24, 95% CI =1.15 - 15.60).ConclusionAbout four in five patients adhere to anti-diabetic treatment. Strategies aimed at improving anti diabetic drug availability and providing health education could improve adherence.

Black Men's Perceptions and Knowledge of Diabetes: A Church-Affiliated Barbershop Focus Group Study.

Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States and disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities. These disparities persist despite educational efforts to reduce the prevalence of diabetes. Receptiveness of educational efforts for Black men needs to be studied. This study assesses Black men's receptiveness to a barbershop-based program focused on diabetes prevention and awareness in a church-affiliated barbershop in Rochester, Minnesota. The pastor and barber of a church-affiliated barbershop and academic medical researchers designed a community-engaged research study to determine Black men's perception of diabetes. Recruitment for the 90-minute focus group included flyers (n=60), email, and in-person. Units of analysis included focus-group audio recording, transcripts, and field notes. Using traditional content analysis, we categorized data into themes and sub-themes. Thirteen Black men participated (Group 1, n=6; Group 2, n=7) having a mean age of 40.3 years (range 19 to 65), and employed full-time (77%). Themes included diabetes prevention, treatment, prevalence, risks, and health education. Participants identified diet and exercise as essential components of diabetes prevention. Additionally, participants mentioned that family history contributes to diabetes. Participants agreed that barbershops are an appropriate setting for data collection and health education on diabetes for Black men. Findings indicate that Black men are generally aware of diabetes. The community-engaged research process allowed for development of a culturally appropriate research study on diabetes. This study is the foundation for developing a culturally appropriate health education program on diabetes for Black men.

Effect of group cognitive behavioral therapy on blood glucose levels, anxiety and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of group cognitive behavioral therapy on blood glucose levels, anxiety and depression in patients with type2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Ninety three patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited and randomly divided into intervention group (n=48) and control group (n=45). Both groups received diabetes health education, patients in intervention group received additional group cognitive behavioral therapy. The glucose tolerance, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c were measured; the HAMA(Hamilton Anxiety Scale)scores, HAMD(Hamilton Depression Scale)scores and CSQ (Coping Styles Questionnaire)scores in patients were analyzed before and 6 months after treatment. Results After 6-month treatment the fasting blood glucose(6.33 mmol/L vs. 5.94 mmol/L), 1 h postprandial plasma glucose(12.40 mmol/L vs. 11.46 mmol/L), 2 h postprandial plasma glucose (10.24 mmol/L vs. 9.13 mmol/L), A1c(6.31% vs. 6.07%)in intervention group were decreased significantly, compared to baseline values (all P<0.05). The HAMA total score(9.98 vs. 8.14), somatic anxiety (3.98 vs. 3.48), psychic anxiety(6.00 vs. 4.67), HAMD total score(10.74 vs. 6.93), anxiety somatic(5.02 vs. 3.26), block(2.24 vs. 1.38)and sleep disorders(2.40 vs. 1.40)in intervention group were all decreased significantly(P<0.01 or 0.05). There were significant differences in HAMA total score(8.14 vs. 9.15), HAMD total score(6.93 vs. 9.33), anxiety somatic(3.26 vs. 4.38), block(1.38 vs. 1.98)and sleep disorders(1.40 vs. 2.03)between the intervention group and control group(P<0.01 or 0.05). And the negative coping style scores in intervention group was also lower than that of the baseline(26.74 vs..29.43). Conclusion The group cognitive behavioral therapy combined with diabetes health education for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may improve the glucose metabolism and depression and anxiety status of patients. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Anxiety; Depression; Cognitive therapy

Identification of Anti-Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acid IgG Antibodies in Serum of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

High levels of serum long chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs) have been associated with inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Dietary SFAs can promote inflammation, the secretion of IgG antibodies, and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. This study characterizes anti-LCSFA IgG antibodies from patients with type 2 diabetes. Serum samples from several cohorts with type 2 diabetes were analyzed for the presence of anti-LCSFA IgG, the cytokine IL-1β, and nonesterified fatty acids. Anti-LCSFA IgG was isolated from patient samples and used for in vitro characterization of avidity and specificity. A cohort participating in En Balance, a diabetes health education program that improved diabetes management, tested positive for anti-LCSFA IgG. Following the 3-month program, the cohort showed a significant reduction in anti-LCSFA IgG levels. Anti-LCSFA antibodies isolated from these patients demonstrated high avidity, were specific for long chain SFAs, and correlated with serum fatty acids in patients with managed type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, anti-LCSFA IgG neutralized PA-induced IL-1β secretion by dendritic cells. Our data shows that nonesterified SFAs are recognized by IgG antibodies present in human blood. The identification of anti-LCSFA IgG antibodies in human sera establishes a basis for further exploration of lipid induced immune responses in diabetic patients.