The Importance of Social Support on Glycemic Control in Low-income Latinos With Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Background: The U.S. Latino population exhibits poorer glycemic control than the white population, leading to more frequent health complications and greater disease severity. Social support has been shown a significant factor in health and well-being. Purpose: To determine the association between glycemic control and social support in patients enrolled in the Emory Latino Diabetes Education Program (ELDEP). Methods: A descriptive study of the clinical and social support outcomes of 248 Latino patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes enrolled in a Spanish-language, culturally competent diabetes education program. Hemoglobin A1C, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and level of perceived social support were assessed at baseline and after 3 months of the intervention. Results: Patients with low levels of perceived social support at baseline had higher A1C (9.8%) than those who reported moderate–high levels of support (8.9%); however, both groups lowered their HbA1C during follow-up (9.8% to 7.5% and 8.9% to 7.7%, respectively; P < .001). Mean level of social support increased from 21 ± 9 at baseline to 29 ± 7 during follow-up (P < .001). Overall mean HbA1C decreased 9.1% to 7.7% (P < .001). Discussion: Participants in ELDEP have improved clinical indicators of care and increased levels of social support. Translation to Health Education Practice: Diabetes health education programs should consider incorporating social support strengthening to improve health outcomes.