Electronic Devices Research Articles

A steady-state distributed parameter ultrathin heat pipe model considering the unsaturated wick

Ultrathin heat pipes have become mainstream to address the heat dissipation issues of small electronic devices. Numerous numerical studies based on the saturated wick assumption have been proposed to analyze their heat transfer performance. In order to achieve a more accurate assessment, this study presents a three-dimensional model that quantitatively reflects the relationship between capillary pressure and medium volume, along with a corresponding correlation. Based on this, a steady-state distributed parameter ultrathin heat pipe model considering the retreating of medium volume in the wick and the unsaturation vapor-liquid interface was developed, whose accuracy was verified by the experimental data. The results demonstrated that the capillary pressure increased with the decrease of medium volume and contact angle. The evolution of the overall meniscus with medium volume was categorized into two stages, where capillary pressure dependent on the main and micro meniscus at different stage. The medium volume distribution, corresponding to capillary pressure, will automatically adjust to match the overall medium pressure drop. Comparative analysis against experimental data, the proposed model reduced the maximum temperature difference error by 8.43 % compared to the saturated wick assumption at a heat load of 6 W, revealing that the unsaturated liquid wick model exhibited higher accuracy.

The Role of Doping in Modifying Semiconductor Properties

Doping is a fundamental process employed to modify the intrinsic properties of semiconductor materials, making them adaptable for a diverse array of technological applications. By introducing specific impurities into the semiconductor crystal lattice, parameters such as electrical conductivity, bandgap energy, and carrier concentration can be precisely engineered. This paper investigates the effects of various doping methods and elements on semiconductor performance, with a particular focus on their influence in devices like transistors, diodes, and solar cells. The analysis emphasizes how doping alters the optical and electrical properties of semiconductor materials, thereby enhancing their functionality in optoelectronic and advanced electronic applications. Through this study, the critical role of doping in driving the progress of semiconductor technology is underscored, highlighting its importance for the future advancement of electronic devices.

Enhanced Electron Emission Performance and Air-Surface Stability in ScO-Terminated Diamond for Thermionic Energy Converters.

Diamond with negative electron affinity (NEA) and low work function surfaces are suggested as a suitable material for electron-generation applications in vacuum, in particular, as the emitter electrode in thermionic energy converters. Such NEA surfaces can be fabricated by evaporating and then annealing submonolayers of a suitable metal in vacuo onto bare or oxidized diamond. Among the metals studied, scandium termination of bare diamond (100) and (111) surfaces is recently reported to give the largest NEA values reported to date for a metal-diamond system, as well as being thermally stable to 900°C. It is now shown that preoxidized (100) diamond functionalized with 0.25monolayers of Sc also produces a large NEA value of -1.02eV with low work functions (<3.63eV). Moreover, this surface is thermally stable to 700°C and can withstand exposure to air for extended periods. Here, the structural and electronic properties of this Sc─O-functionalized diamond surface are characterized in detail using a variety of surface-science techniques. The results suggest that this material may be the ideal candidate for the fabrication of commercial thermionic energy conversion devices, e.g., for solar-power generation, as well as for various other electronic devices that rely upon electron emission.

The Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Mindfulness Exercises on the Perception of Time, Psychological and Physiological States of Young People: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the efficacy of different electronic devices (VR headsets and tablet devices) supported mindfulness exercises. Contrary to previous studies, we compared the technologies not only regarding psychological but also physiological parameters. Additionally, we assessed time perception as an indicator of flow state, which can increase therapeutic adherence. Method Fifty volunteers (26 females and 24 males) aged 19–28 years (M = 23, SD = 1.93 years) participated in our cross-over trial. A 20-min mindfulness program (Guided Meditation VR™) was shown on both a VR headset and a tablet device, with a 1-week interval in randomized order. Psychological parameters and time perception were assessed through surveys, and an Empatica E4 wristband collected physiological data (heart rate, body temperature, electrodermal activity). Results Both VR- and tablet-based mindfulness programs reduced stress, as reflected by improvements in both anxiety (a 7.06-point reduction in STAI-Y score, p &lt; 0.001) and in-session physiological parameters (a 4.82 bpm reduction in HR, p &lt; 0.001; 1.11 °C increase in body temperature, p &lt; 0.001), without significant differences between the two devices. However, participants perceived the intervention as shorter than its actual time only in the VR condition (VR: 26 shorter, 9 longer out of 47, p = 0.006; tablet: 20 shorter, 14 longer out of 47, p = 0.39). Conclusions While affirming the efficacy of electronic device-supported mindfulness in stress reduction, our study suggests no significant disparity between VR and tablet-supported exercises. Our findings also suggest that participants in the VR session perceived the intervention as shorter than its actual duration. Preregistration This study is not preregistered.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC-BASED SYSTEM IN REDUCTION OF MEDICATION ERROR: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Medication errors have been a persistent issue in healthcare, often overshadowing nurses' ability to focus on patient care. Traditionally, nurses have devoted considerable time to calculating medications—dosages, routes, and frequencies—at the expense of other caregiving duties. This literature review explores the adoption of electronic-based systems to reduce medication errors and associated risks in healthcare settings. The research involved examining databases such as Clinical-key-nursing, Science Direct, ProQuest, Embase, and academic articles, using keywords like "medication error" and "electronic-based system." The findings suggest that electronic systems can mitigate harms linked to medication errors by ensuring compliance with the "10 rights of medication administration," which include the right patient, drug, dose, time, route, documentation, assessment, approach, drug interaction, and information. The review analyzed 19 articles, but only ten met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate a positive correlation between the use of electronic systems and a decrease in medication errors, highlighting the potential benefits of technology in enhancing patient safety and care efficiency.

Enhanced Corrosion Protection of Printed Circuit Board Electronics using Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Assisted SiOx Coatings.

The miniaturization and widespread deployment of electronic devices across diverse environments have heightened their vulnerability to corrosion, particularly affecting copper traces within printed circuit boards (PCBs). Conventional protective methods, such as conformal coatings, face challenges including the necessity for a critical thickness to ensure effective barrier properties and the requirement for multiple steps of drying and curing to eliminate solvent entrapment within polymer coatings. This study investigates cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as an innovative technique for directly depositing ultrathin silicon oxide (SiOx) coatings onto copper surfaces to enhance corrosion protection in PCBs. A systematic investigation was undertaken to examine how the scanning speed of the CAP deposition head impacts the film quality and corrosion resistance. The research aims to determine the optimal scanning speed of the CAP deposition head that achieves complete surface coverage while promoting effective cross-linking and minimizing unreacted precursor entrapment, resulting in superior electrical barrier and mechanical properties. The CAP coating process demonstrated the capability of depositing SiOx onto copper surfaces at various thicknesses ranging from 70 to 1110 nm through a single deposition process by simply adjusting the scanning speed of the plasma head (5-75 mm/s). Evaluation of material corrosion barrier characteristics revealed that scanning speeds of 45 mm/s of the plasma deposition head provided an effective coating thickness of 140 nm, exhibiting superior corrosion resistance (30-fold) compared to that of uncoated copper. As a proof of concept, the efficacy of CAP-deposited SiOx coatings was demonstrated by protecting an LED circuit in saltwater and by coating printed circuits for potential agricultural sensor applications. These CAP-deposited coatings offer performance comparable to or superior to traditional conformal polymeric coatings. This research presents CAP-deposited SiOx coatings as a promising approach for effective and scalable corrosion protection in miniaturized electronics.

Bioinspired Functional Composites for Enhanced Thermally Conductivity via Fractal-Growth CuNP Fillers.

Thermal conduction for electronic devices has attracted extensive attention in light of the development of 5G communication. Thermally conductive materials with high thermal conductivity and extensive mechanical flexibility are extremely desirable in practical applications. However, the construction of efficient interconnected conductive pathways and continuous conductive networks is inadequate for either processing or actual usage in existing technologies. In this work, spherical copper nanoparticles (S-CuNPs) and urchin-inspired fractal-growth CuNPs (U-CuNPs), thermally conductive metal fillers induced by ionic liquids, were fabricated successfully through the electrochemical deposition method. Compared to S-CuNPs, the U-CuNPs shows larger specific surface contact area, thus making it easier to build a continuous conductive pathway network in the corresponding U-CuNPs/liquid silicone rubber (LSR) thermally conductive composites. The optimal loading of CuNP fillers was determined by evaluating the rheological performance of the prepolymer and the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity performances of the composites. When the filler loading is 150 phr, the U-CuNPs/LSR produces optimal mechanical properties (e.g., tensile strength and modulus), thermal conductivity (above 1000% improvement compared to pure LSR), and heating/cooling efficiency. The enhanced thermal conductivity of U-CuNPs/LSR was also confirmed through the finite element analysis (FEA) overall temperature distribution, indicating that U-CuNPs with larger specific surface contact areas exhibit more advantages in forming a continuous network in composites than S-CuNPs, making U-CuNPs/LSR a promising and competitive alternative to traditional flexible thermally interface materials.

Two-dimensional ferroelastic semiconductors InXY (X = S, Se; Y = Cl, Br, I): Promising candidates for photocatalytic water splitting with tunable electronic anisotropy

We have identified a class of two-dimensional ferroelastic monolayers, denoted as InXY (where X = S, Se; Y = Cl, Br, I), through first-principles calculations. The dynamic, thermal, and mechanical stabilities of these InXY monolayers are validated by phonon dispersion spectra, AIMD calculations, and elastic constants, respectively. These monolayers exhibit semiconducting behavior with bandgaps ranging from 1.94 to 2.85 eV and possess excellent ferroelasticity with strong ferroelastic signals and moderate ferroelastic switching barriers. Notably, the band edge positions of InSBr and InSI monolayers are observed to stride the water redox potentials at pH = 0, indicating their potential as photocatalysts for water splitting in acidic environments. We also explored the effects of biaxial strain on the band edge alignments and photocatalytic performance of these monolayers. Moreover, the InXY monolayers exhibit excellent anisotropic optical absorption across the visible to ultraviolet regions, along with high anisotropic carrier transport. The coupling of ferroelastic and anisotropic properties in these monolayers offers promising opportunities for designing controllable electronic devices, thereby expanding their potential applications in multifunctional materials. Our findings reveal that the InXY monolayers are promising candidates for efficient photocatalytic water splitting and controllable optoelectronic applications.

Multifunctional 1D/2D silver nanowires/MXene-based fabric strain sensors for emergency rescue

Abstract Monitoring the vital signs of the injured in accidents is crucial in emergency rescue process. Fabric-based sensing devices show a vast range of potential applications in wearable healthcare monitoring, human motion and thermal management due to their wearable flexibility and high sensitivity. Nevertheless, flexible electronic devices for both precise monitoring of health under low strain and motion under large strain are still a challenge in extremely harsh environment. Therefore, development of sensors with both high sensitivity and wide strain range remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a wearable flexible strain sensor with a one-dimensional/two-dimensional (1D/2D) composite conductive network was developed for healthcare and motion monitoring and thermal management by coating 1D silver nanowires (AgNWs) and 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene composite films on nylon/spandex blended knitted fabric (MANS). The MANS strain sensor can simultaneously achieve high sensitivity (gauge factor for up to 267), a wide range of detection (1–115%), excellent repeatability and cycling stability (1000 cycles). The sensor can be utilized for human health monitoring including heartbeat, pulse detection, breathing and various human motion. Moreover, the MANS sensor also has the electrical heating properties and voltage control temperature between 20-110 °C can achieved at low voltage. In addition, the MANS shows hydrophobicity with water contact angle of 137.1°. The MXene/AgNWs composite conductive layer with high sensitivity under low and large strains, electrical thermal conversion, and hydrophobicity has great potential for precisely monitoring health and motion of the injured in emergency rescue in harsh environment.

Thermally tunable anti-ambipolar heterojunction devices.

Two-dimensional materials and their van der Waals heterostructures have emerged as a research focal point for constructing various innovative electronic devices due to their distinct photonic and electronic properties. Among them, anti-ambipolar devices, characterized by their unique nonlinear electrical behavior, have garnered attention as novel multifunctional components, positioning them as potential contenders for building multi-state logic devices. Utilizing the properties of few-layer As0.4P0.6 and PdSe2, we have constructed an anti-ambipolar heterojunction device. At 300 K, the device exhibits a peak voltage (Vpeak) of -3 V and a peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) close to 8 × 103, and the PVR can be modulated by bias voltage. Furthermore, by characterizing the anti-ambipolar attributes at different temperatures ranging from 80 K to 330 K, we have elucidated the thermally tunable feature of the device. At 330 K, a certain PVR (∼103) and a large Vpeak (∼-16 V) are obtained, while a PVR exceeding 108 has been achieved at 80 K. This temperature-related sensitivity empowers the device with significant potential and thermal tunability in various applications.

An Empirical Study on Lightweight CNN Models for Efficient Classification of Used Electronic Parts

The problem of electronic waste (e-waste) presents a significant challenge in our society as outdated electronic devices are frequently discarded rather than recycled. To tackle this issue, it is important to embrace circular economy principles. One effective approach is to desolder and reuse electronic components, thereby reducing waste buildup. Automated vision-based techniques, often utilizing deep learning models, are commonly employed to identify and locate objects in sorting applications. Artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning processes often require significant computational resources to perform automated tasks. These computational resources consume energy from the grid. Consequently, a rise in the use of AI can lead to higher demand for energy resources. This research empirically develops a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) model by exploring models utilising various grayscale image resolutions and comparing their performance with pre-trained RGB image classifier models. The study evaluates the lightweight CNN classifier’s ability to achieve an accuracy comparable to pre-trained red–green–blue (RGB) image classifiers. Experiments demonstrate that lightweight CNN models using 100 × 100 pixels and 224 × 224 pixels grayscale images can achieve accuracies on par with more complex pre-trained RGB classifiers. This permits the use of reduced computational resources for environmental sustainability.

Digitalization of Analysis of a Concrete Block Layer Using Machine Learning as a Sustainable Approach

The concrete block pavement (CBP) system has a surface layer consisting of concrete block pavers and joint sand over a bedding sand layer. The non-homogeneous nature of the surface course of CBP, along with different laying patterns and shapes of block pavers, makes the analysis of CBP cumbersome. In this study, the surface course of CBP was modeled based on the slab action of the block pavers and joint sand, which are connected together in full contact. Four different laying patterns, including herringbone, stretcher, parquet, and square, were modeled using a finite element model. The elastic moduli of the block pavers varied from 2500 MPa to 45,000 MPa, with thicknesses ranging from 60 mm to 120 mm. As a result, modeling of CBP based on slab action can be considered a realistic strategy. In addition, a dataset was created based on quantitative inputs, e.g., elastic modulus and thickness of the block pavers, and qualitative input, i.e., block laying patterns. The approaches of machine learning adopted were support vector regression, Gaussian process regression, single-layer and deep artificial neural networks, and least squares boosting to implement prediction approach based on input and output. The analyses of statistical accuracy of all five machine learning methods showed high accuracy; however, the Gaussian process and deep artificial neural network methods resulted in the most accurate outputs and are recommended for further studies. Based on the machine learning models, digitalization is achieved through the development of simple, user-friendly software for electronic devices in order to perform a preliminary analysis of different laying patterns of CBP. Such a platform may result in less laboratory work and boosts the level of sustainability in concrete block pavement technology.

Cardiologists' perspective on termination of pacemaker therapy-an anonymous survey among cardiologists in Germany.

The patient's right to refuse pacemaker therapy is mentioned in the relevant European consensus statement but additional information is only available on deactivation of implantable cardioverter deactivator and not on other cardiac implantable electronic devices such as pacemakers. Therefore, we were interested in opinions, concerns and attitudes of cardiologists, who are the primary contact persons for such requests, since the number of patients asking for withdrawal of pacemaker therapy is likely to increase leaving cardiologists and healthcare professionals with a difficult medical but also ethical problem. An anonymous questionnaire was sent to all German cardiology departments (N = 288). 48% of cardiology departments responded by sending back 247 completed questionnaires. Most participating cardiologists were experienced when considering the duration of their professional activity. Almost all of the respondents regularly perform check-ups of pacemakers. The majority of cardiologists answering our questionnaire were prepared to deactivate a pacemaker upon patients' request, and have done so. In pacemaker dependency, however, the willingness to withdraw decreases, even if death is imminent, for fear of causing distressing symptoms, sense of being responsible for patients possible immediate death, or fear of legal consequences. The survey could clearly show that uncertainties remain among cardiologists dealing with a patient's wish for withdrawal, especially in cases of pacemaker dependency. We suggest that official statements of cardiologic societies in Europe are issued to clarify ethical, legal and practical aspects of pacemaker withdrawal. Registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00026168) on 30.08.2021.

Impact of usage of electronic devices on sleep quality among healthcare professions students in Ajman, UAE

Due to the advancement in technology, people are using various electronic devices. People using electronics and the internet at inappropriate times may have a harder time falling asleep and have less sleep duration, and the sharp rise in electronic device use has numerous adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the impact of the usage of electronic devices on sleep and also to determine the factors influencing sleep among healthcare professions students. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The association was assessed using the Chi-square test and simple binary logistic regression to identify the factors. Of the total 446, 36.4% reported not having problems during the past month in getting to sleep within 30 minutes. Internet use at school during a typical weekday, 22.2% use 2-4 hours a day; outside of school during a typical weekday, 24.7% use &amp;gt;6 hours. 34.3% use the internet &amp;gt;6 hours outside of school on weekends. The crude OR observed was 4.1, 3.7, 3.6 and 3.9 for 1-2, 2-4, 4-6, &amp;gt;6 hours respectively which is statistically significant. Factors that showed statistical significance for sleep duration were nationality and internet use outside the school during a typical weekend day. For how long it takes to fall asleep, the age group was the factor that showed statistical significance.

Thermal performance analysis and optimization of a heat pipe-based electronic thermal management system using experimental data-driven neuro-genetic technique

Heat pipes are highly efficient heat transfer devices and are used widely to dissipate heat generated by electronic components, thereby maintaining their operating temperatures and preventing overheating. The present study deals with the thermal performance prediction of a cylindrical heat pipe (length 380 mm) based electronic thermal management system using steady-state experimental investigation. The experiments are conducted under varying operational conditions, including heat inputs (10–50 W), condenser cooling water inlet temperatures (288.15, 293.15, and 298.15 K), and flow rates (10, 25, and 40 LPH). The study shows that the evaporator temperature of the heat pipe consistently rises with the increase in heat inputs for all tested conditions. The lowest evaporator temperature (311.42 K) is noticed for the cooling water inlet temperature of 288.15 K across all heat inputs. Notably, at 10 LPH, the heat pipe supplied with cooling water at 288.15 K exhibits reductions of up to 1.47 % and 2.29 % compared to 293.15 K and 298.15 K, respectively. Similar trends are also observed at 25 LPH and 40 LPH. The heat pipe’s thermal resistance is lowest (0.95 K/W) at a cooling water inlet temperature of 298.15 K. At 10 LPH, there are reductions of 10.19 % and 5.62 % compared to 288.15 K and 293.15 K, and at 40 LPH, reductions are 15.66 % and 7.89 %. The heat pipe’s evaporator heat transfer coefficient also plays a significant role and is maximum for the cooling water inlet temperature of 288.15 K at a flow rate of 10 LPH. To understand the complex behavior of the heat pipe and for better prediction of its thermal performance, a neuro-genetic (experimental data-driven artificial neural network and genetic algorithm) optimization technique is considered in the study. This predicts the optimal combination of operating parameters (heat input, cooling water inlet temperature, and flow rate) to minimize the heat pipe’s evaporator wall temperature which is found to be 312.54 K at a heat input of 10 W, flow rate of 10 LPH, and cooling water inlet temperature of 289.14 K. These input combinations are further validated through the experiments and the error in the heat pipe’s evaporator temperature is found to be 0.66 % only. Overall, this neuro-genetic technique underscores the importance of optimizing operational parameters for enhanced heat pipe performance and offers valuable insights for electronic cooling systems.

An exploration of Diffusion-thermo and Radiation Absorption impacts on non-Newtonian MHD flow towards two distinct geometries with Biot number

Temperature and liquid flow monitoring are required in many industrial applications in order to maximize machine performance. When exploring polymers, fabricating synthetic films and transparent materials, and manufacturing metal-based equipment, frictional forces and thermal flow rates need to be controlled. The significance of the study of prominent characteristics of Diffusion-Thermo, Quadratic thermal radiation and radiation absorption over a permeable stretching geometry are discussed. Similarity transformations reduced the boundary layer partial differential to an ODE. The acquired system of ODEs is solved in numerical-manner using MATLAB bvp4c. The distributions f '(η), θ(η) and ϕ(η) are described graphical aspect, with specified governed parameters. As Diffusion thermo parameter raises, temperature field enhances. As radiation absorption raises, the temperature and velocity enhance and concentration decreases. A rise in radiation absorption parameter causes a raise in the buoyancy, which in turn raises the flow rate, and that this is reflected in the velocity profiles. The radiation absorption parameter raises temperatures nearer porous boundary layer and lowers concentration. Rising temperature ratio parameter θw values were accompanied by rising temperatures. Temperature is enhancing when improving of Biot parameter. The skin-friction is heightened with raising ‘n’ values. Nusselt number is declined, raising values of Df. The Sherwood number is enhanced with raising values of ‘Sc’. An incorporation of Diffusion thermo, Quadratic thermal radiation and radiation absorption effects in a nano-Carreau flow across Wedge and Cone is the novelty. The flow of a boundary-layer across a wedge gets made growingly significant, not long ago, owing to its many practical applications, including those in medical, bioengineering, crude oil extraction, nuclear power plants, a polymer extrusion process, production of plastic sheet, metal spinning, friction drag of a ship, and electronic gadgets, etc. This study will be extended by incorporating micro-polar, tangent hyperbolic, Sutterby, with distinct non-Newtonian fluids.

The impact of screen time on children’s well-being development: a scoping review

In the era of digitalisation, working parents today rely more than ever on electronic gadgets as digital babysitters and device-led playtime to entertain their children. The study suggests that parents and their interactions with the home environment may contribute to shaping children’s screen time. However, many struggle to keep up with the immense variety of mobile applications easily downloaded online. Thus, long screen time exposure inhibits children’s ability to engage actively in physical activities as well as affects children’s well-being development. This scoping review aims to identify parental perceptions of children’s exposure to screens for a long period of time and how screen time affects children’s well-being. Five databases, including Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE), Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), and ScienceDirect, were used in this research. In the initial identification stage, 218 articles were identified from the mentioned databases above. However, there were only 81 articles found to be assessed for eligibility. A total of 34 articles are eligible for analysis and reference after the exclusion and inclusion process for data collection. The findings show that the increased exposure to screens raised concerns about potential negative effects on children’s emotions and behaviour.

Synthesis and Characterization of CdS and Sr-Doped CdS Quantum Dots: Impedance Analysis for Nano-Tuned Electronic Applications

This study reports the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and strontium-doped CdS quantum dots (QDs) using a straightforward chemical precipitation method. N, N-Dimethylformamide served as the stabilizing agent, while specific metal precursors facilitated the formation of the nanostructures. The incorporation of strontium into the CdS matrix aimed to enhance the electronic properties of the quantum dots. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed the successful doping of Sr into the CdS QDs. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis verified the high-crystallinity of the synthesized quantum dots, with the mean crystal sizes determined to be 3.18 nm for pure CdS and 3.99 nm for Sr-doped CdS (2mM and 4mM concentrations). Impedance spectroscopy was utilized to study the frequency-dependent electrical properties of the QDs at room temperature, revealing significant variations in impedance with frequency. The results demonstrated that both pure and Sr-doped CdS QDs exhibit capacitive admittance, which is indicative of their potential application in nano-tuned electronic devices. The ability to fine-tune the resonant frequency by controlling the size and doping level of the quantum dots presents a significant advantage for their use in advanced electronic applications. The study highlights the promising application of CdS and Sr-doped CdS quantum dots in the development of high-performance, frequency-tunable nanoscale electronic devices.

Electrohydrodynamic characteristics in parallel-fin channels and enhanced heat transfer performance of an ionic wind heat sink

High heat flux density may lead to a decline in the performance of highly integrated electronic components, which presents a major challenge to thermal management strategies. This work developed ionic wind heat sinks with parallel-fin channels for cooling high-power chips. The study examined the effects of intake air velocity, number of electrodes, and discharge spacing on the distribution of ionic wind flow and the improved heat transfer performance of the ionic wind heat sink. The findings suggest that the ionic wind heat sink with wire electrodes perpendicular to the fin channels can withstand higher operating voltages and generate more reliable corona discharges. The improved heat transfer capabilities are achieved with reduced inlet air velocity. The heat transfer enhancement factor (HTEF) of the ionic wind heat sink decreases as the discharge spacing increases, leading to a reduction in the peak value of the body force. The heat transfer capacity declines as the number of wire electrodes increases, because marginal effects lessen disruption to the thermal boundary layer. An effective airflow is achieved when wire electrodes are positioned upstream of the heat sink and run parallel to the fins, ensuring a steady and efficient cooling process. The design effectively disrupts the thermal boundary layer, reducing momentum loss in the flow and increasing the HTEF value by 21.2%. This improvement significantly enhances the heat dissipation capacity. The structurally optimized heat sink demonstrates excellent overall performance and is a viable option for improving heat dissipation in electronic devices.

Securing high-value electronic equipment: an internet of things driven approach for camera security

&lt;p&gt;This article addresses pressing challenge of securing high-value electronic equipment, notably cameras, which face dual threats of damage in high humidity conditions and theft due to their significant market value. To confront these issues, the study introduces innovative internet of things (IoT)-driven approach aimed at strengthening conventional storage box security. Central to this approach is integration of IoT technologies, such as Arduino and ESP32, to develop advanced safety storage box. This enhanced system features essential hardware components, including buzzer, password-protected keypad, radio frequency identification reader, and DHT11 sensor for humidity monitoring. Additionally, mobile alarm system is incorporated to promptly alert owners of any detected movement vibrations, thereby augmenting security measures. By leveraging these components, proposed methodology seeks to mitigate risks associated with camera theft and fungal contamination, thereby advancing electronic device security. The expected outcome is marked enhancement in protection of high-value electronic equipment, particularly cameras, through continuous real-time monitoring and proactive security measures. This research underscore’s critical role of IoT technologies in fortifying security measures for valuable electronic assets, contributing significantly to ongoing discourse on innovative strategies in field. Through its comprehensive approach, this study aims to offer practical solutions to mitigate security risks and safeguard electronic equipment against potential threats, thereby addressing critical need in realm of electronic device security.&lt;/p&gt;