Device Surface Research Articles

Detachable Top Electrode-Organic Photodetector for Repeated Nondestructive Evaluation of Device Performance and Surface Analysis of the Active Layer.

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) are key devices for monitoring vital signs, such as heart rate and blood oxygen level. For realizing the long-term measurement of biosignals, stable operation is essential. To improve the stability of OPDs, it is important to analyze each layer to understand the degradation mechanism. We developed detachable top electrode (DTE)-OPDs to enable both surface analysis of the active layer and device characterization to be performed nondestructively and repeatedly within a single device. The substrate of the top electrode is a 2 μm thick elastomer sheet reinforced with polyurethane nanofibers. The DTE-OPDs showed a Dsh* of 1.4 × 1012 Jones by attaching the top electrodes to the bottom stack without external pressure. The DTE-OPDs showed no degradation after 1000 attaching/detaching cycles of the top electrodes. Using the DTE-OPDs, we successfully observed the relationship between dark current increase and oxidization of the active layer.

Stability Study of Anticoagulant Hydrogel Coatings Toward Long-Term Cardiovascular Devices.

Implantable cardiovascular devices have revolutionized the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, yet their long-term functionality without causing thrombosis is a persistent challenge. Although the surface modification of anticoagulant coating has greatly improved the biocompatibility of the devices, its long-term stability in complex physiological environments still remains questionable. Herein, the stability of three anticoagulant hydrogel coatings, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), poly(sodium 2-acryloyl-2-methylpropanesulfonate) (PAMPS), and poly(4-styrenesulfonate sodium) (PSS), is studied. The fabrication of these coatings onto device surfaces is validated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. In vitro anticoagulation assays confirm the coatings' significant anticoagulant effects. Among all three coatings, the PSS coating demonstrated superior chemical and mechanical stability in the comprehensive tests, showing great potential for improving the long-term anticoagulant performance of implantable cardiovascular devices.

Nature Inspired Phototropic Artificial Photosynthesis

AbstractThe efficiency of solar energy capture by terrestrial and solar device surfaces is significantly influenced by the variations in the solar angle of incidence, which change with latitude, season, and time of day. These fluctuations result in notable energy density losses. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) system‐based artificial leaf device has attracted immense research interests recently. However, its programmability and adaptiveness is highly desired and noticeably lacking. In this study, a novel programmable biomimetic PEC system—artificial aquatic plant—designed for bias‐free complete water splitting, capable of adapting is introduce to dynamic light incident angles. Inspired by key structures in aquatic plants, such as cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and petioles, this work incorporates innovative design with light‐weight PEC electrodes, protective hydrogel layers, integrated with light‐responsive hydrogel composites as supportive and actuating elements. As a result, this advanced device not only maintains stable complete water splitting performance but also exhibits characteristic phototropic properties, enhancing water splitting efficiency by 47% and 866% under light incident at 45° and 90°. Unlike traditional rigid systems, this work opens new avenues for the development of intelligent and programmable solar devices that can adapt to varying environments, paving the way for adaptive green energy technology and self‐sustaining energy production.

Research on the Parameter Configuration Law of Transfer of Ultramicro Liquid by Pipetting Needle Based on the Quasi-static State.

Microscale device surface encapsulation needs to use ultrafine liquid transfer technology. This technology can transfer a liquid from a donor surface to a receptor surface in a controlled manner. However, the requirement of microscale encapsulation for liquid transfer amounts is generally at the pL level. Controlling liquid transfer volume, ensuring consistency, and ensuring droplet position accuracy became more difficult at this level. In light of the existing pipetting needle transfer ultramicro liquid transfer technology and considering a slow stretching liquid bridge can maintain a constant liquid transfer ratio, we conducted in-depth research on the parameter configuration law of liquid transfer at the pL level. This study reveals the parameter configuration law under the condition of constant transfer ratio through the Young-Laplace equation and the Navier-Stokes equation. Research has shown that the initial distance and capillary number (Ca) affect the transfer ratio at a slow stretching speed. Through ultramicro liquid transfer experiments, with stretching speeds between 0.01 and 0.5 mm/s, the transfer ratio remained constant, the accuracy of the rheology-Cross model in predicting liquid transfer ratios was verified, and the absolute deviation rate between the actual and the predictive transfer ratio is 6.26%. This research plays a crucial role in enhancing the precision and success rate of microscale liquid transfer.

Improving Industrial Quality Control: A Transfer Learning Approach to Surface Defect Detection.

To automate the quality control of painted surfaces of heating devices, an automatic defect detection and classification system was developed by combining deflectometry and bright light-based illumination on the image acquisition, deep learning models for the classification of non-defective (OK) and defective (NOK) surfaces that fused dual-modal information at the decision level, and an online network for information dispatching and visualization. Three decision-making algorithms were tested for implementation: a new model built and trained from scratch and transfer learning of pre-trained networks (ResNet-50 and Inception V3). The results revealed that the two illumination modes employed widened the type of defects that could be identified with this system, while maintaining its lower computational complexity by performing multi-modal fusion at the decision level. Furthermore, the pre-trained networks achieved higher accuracies on defect classification compared to the self-built network, with ResNet-50 displaying higher accuracy. The inspection system consistently obtained fast and accurate surface classifications because it imposed OK classification on models trained with images from both illumination modes. The obtained surface information was then successfully sent to a server to be forwarded to a graphical user interface for visualization. The developed system showed considerable robustness, demonstrating its potential as an efficient tool for industrial quality control.

Enhancing Hemocompatibility in ECMO Systems With a Fibrinolytic Interactive Coating: in Vitro Evaluation of Blood Clot Lysis Using a 3D Microfluidic Model.

Blood-contacting medical devices, especially extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMOs), are highly susceptible to surface-induced coagulation because of their extensive surface area. This can compromise device functionality and lead to life-threatening complications. High doses of anticoagulants, combined with anti-thrombogenic surface coatings, are typically employed to mitigate this risk, but such treatment can lead to hemorrhagic complications. Therefore, bioactive surface coatings that mimic endothelial blood regulation are needed. However, evaluating these coatings under realistic ECMO conditions is both expensive and challenging. This study utilizes microchannel devices to simulate ECMO fluid dynamics and assess the clot-lysis efficacy of a self-activating fibrinolytic coating system. The system uses antifouling polymer brushes combined with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to induce fibrinolysis at the surface. Here, tPA catalyzes the conversion of blood plasminogen into plasmin, which dissolves clots. This positive feedback loop enhances clot digestion under ECMO-like conditions. This findings demonstrate that this coating system can significantly improve the hemocompatibility of medical device surfaces.

Oxygen Transport in Nanoporous SiN Membrane Compared to PDMS and Polypropylene for Microfluidic ECMO.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) serves as a crucial intervention for patients with severe pulmonary dysfunction by facilitating oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal. While traditional ECMO systems are effective, their large priming volumes and significant blood-contacting surface areas can lead to complications, particularly in neonates and pediatric patients. Microfluidic ECMO systems offer a promising alternative by miniaturizing the ECMO technology, reducing blood volume requirements, and minimizing device surface area to improve safety and efficiency. This study investigates the oxygen transport performance of three membrane types- polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polypropylene, and a novel nanoporous silicon nitride (SiN) membrane-in a microfluidic ECMO platform. While nanoporous membranes rely on pore-mediated diffusion and PDMS on polymer lattice diffusion, results show no significant differences in device oxygenation efficiency (p > 0.05). Blood-side factors, including the diffusion rate of oxygen through the red blood cell (RBC) membrane, RBC residence time, and hemoglobin binding kinetics, were identified as primary bottlenecks. Even computational models of a hypothetical infinitely permeable membrane corroborate the limited impact of membrane material. These findings suggest a shift in ECMO design priorities from membrane material to blood-side enhancements. This research provides a foundation for optimizing ECMO systems.

Evaluation of endothelialization of an occluder device with cardiac computed tomography and assessment of the pathological validation.

Assessing the endothelialization of occlusive devices noninvasively remains a challenge. Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) can be employed to evaluate device endothelialization based on contrast uptake within the occluder. This study examined device endothelialization using cardiac CTA and investigated the pathological associations. From January 2010 to May 2022, we retrospectively analyzed 25 patients (age: 50.00 [17.00, 52.00] years; 12 Female) who underwent surgical device removal within 1 month after cardiac CTA examination (implantation period: 29.00[0.50, 108.00] months). The contrast uptake within the occluder was determined using cardiac CTA. The relationship between contrast uptake within the occluder and the endothelialization status with pathology was analyzed. Contrast uptake within the occluder was identified in 76.00% of patients. Pathological examination confirmed incomplete coverage of fibrotic tissue and superposed neoendothelium on the surface of all devices exhibiting contrast uptake. This included no coverage in 47.37% of patients and partial coverage in the remaining cases. On the surface of all devices without contrast uptake, a complete range of fibrotic tissue was observed, with an incomplete range of superposed neoendothelium in 66.67% of patients. On the surface of devices with an implantation period > 6 months, 71.43% of patients had incomplete coverage of fibrotic tissue and superposed neoendothelium on the left disc, 42.86% of patients occurred the same on the right disc. Contrast uptake within the occluder indicated incomplete endothelialization, as confirmed by pathological validation. Late endothelialization of the device occurs frequently, and further research is required to investigate related mechanisms.

<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i><i>SdrH</i>, <i>SdrG</i>, and <i>SdrF</i> Expression in Commensal and Ocular Infection Isolates

Background: Staphylococcus epidermidis contaminates medical devices and produces biofilm, complicating antibiotic treatment for its elimination and causing a nosocomial health issue. The sdr genes (sdrG, sdrF, and sdrH) are involved in bacterial adhesion to the surface of medical devices for biofilm formation. Objectives: To compare the presence and expression of the sdr gene in S. epidermidis from infectious and commensal isolates to propose them as a therapeutic target. Methods: This is a descriptive, observational, and retrospective study. Infected ocular (n = 64), healthy conjunctiva (n = 46), and healthy skin (n = 53) isolates were genotyped using the Staphylococcal Chromosome mec (SCCmec) cassette to avoid clonality. Different genotypes representative of each isolation source selected isolates. In the selected isolates, sdr genes were determined by PCR, and RT-qPCR determined their expression. Results: The sdrG, sdrF, and sdrH genes were present in the genome of all selected isolates. The expression level of the sdr genes was low in all isolates and there was no significant difference between different isolation sources. Conclusions: The presence and expression of sdrG, sdrF, and sdrH genes are independent of the genotype and isolation source; this suggests that these proteins could be therapeutic targets to prevent the contamination of medical devices by S. epidermidis.

Particle impact in high-pressure homogenizer valves – a step towards understanding wear and cell breakup in food and beverage processing

In many liquid food processing applications using high-pressure homogenizers (HPHs), particles impact with the solid surfaces of the homogenization device. This may lead to costly wear. For some applications, impact is also postulated to control the desired cell disruption. This contribution uses computational fluid dynamics to study impact of particles on solid surfaces in HPHs, as a step towards design optimization. Effects of particle diameter, density, homogenizing pressure, and impact distance are studied. Results show impacts both on the forcer and on the impingement ring. Few particles hit the forcer, at low velocities and with low angles (‘bracing impacts’). More particles hit the impact ring. These impacts are with higher velocities and typically occur head-on. The effect of both homogenizing pressure and impact ring distance scales according to a previously suggested stagnation pressure model. Results are discussed in the light of wear and cell disruption observations.

Robust, Scalable Microfluidic Manufacturing of RNA-Lipid Nanoparticles Using Immobilized Antifouling Lubricant Coating.

Despite the numerous advantages demonstrated by microfluidic mixing for RNA-loaded lipid nanoparticle (RNA-LNP) production over bulk methods, such as precise size control, homogeneous distributions, higher encapsulation efficiencies, and improved reproducibility, their translation from research to commercial manufacturing remains elusive. A persistent challenge hindering the adoption of microfluidics for LNP production is the fouling of device surfaces during prolonged operation, which significantly diminishes performance and reliability. The complexity of LNP constituents, including lipids, cholesterol, RNA, and solvent mixtures, makes it difficult to find a single coating that can prevent fouling. To address this challenge, we propose using an immobilized liquid lubricant layer of perfluorodecalin (PFD) to create an antifouling surface that can repel the multiple LNP constituents. We apply this technology to a staggered herringbone microfluidic (SHM) mixing chip and achieve >3 h of stable operation, a >15× increase relative to gold standard approaches. We also demonstrate the compatibility of this approach with a parallelized microfluidic platform that incorporates 256 SHM mixers, with which we demonstrate scale up, stable production at L/h production rates suitable for commercial scale applications. We verify that the LNPs produced on our chip match both the physiochemical properties and performance for both in vitro and in vivo mRNA delivery as those made on chips without the coating. By suppressing surface fouling with an immobilized liquid lubricant layer, this technology not only enhances RNA-LNP production but also promises to transform the microfluidic manufacturing of diverse materials, ensuring more reliable and robust processes.

LOX-1-Based Assembly Layer on Devices Surface to Promote Endothelial Repair and Reduce Complications for In Situ Interventional Plaque.

Rapid endothelialization and functional recovery are considered as promising methods to extend the long-term effectiveness of cardiovascular implant materials. LOX-1 participates in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis and is highly expressed in a variety of cells involved in atherosclerosis, hence it is feasible to accelerate the recovery of endothelial function and inhibit the development of existing plaques by regulating LOX-1. Herein, the surface is modified with Poly I, a LOX-1 inhibitor, using rich amino dendritic macromolecules (PAMAM) as the linker coating, to against the pathological microenvironment. Poly I modified surface resisted endothelial damage caused by oxidative stress through the LOX-1-NADPH signaling pathway and inhibited endothelial inflammation via the LOX-1-NF-κB signaling pathway. It also promoted endothelial cell migration and inhibited platelet adhesion. Moreover, the Poly I modified surface can inhibit oxLDL-induced macrophage foam cell formation and alleviate inflammation by modulating macrophage phenotypes. Poly I modified surface significantly reduced plaque burden after treatment of atherosclerotic model rats, most importantly, it significantly inhibited post-implantation-induced restenosis and thrombosis. In vivo and in vitro evaluations confirmed its safety and therapeutic efficacy against atherosclerosis. Overall, the multifunctional Poly I with pathological microenvironment regulation exhibits potential application value in the surface engineering of cardiovascular devices.

Probing electron trapping by current collapse in GaN/AlGaN FETs utilizing quantum transport characteristics

GaN is expected to be a key material for next-generation electronics due to its interesting properties. However, current collapse poses a challenge to the application of GaN FETs to electronic devices. In this study, we investigate the formation of quantum dots in GaN FETs under current collapse. By comparing the Coulomb diamond between standard measurements and those under current collapse, we find that the gate capacitance is significantly decreased under current collapse. This suggests that the current collapse changes the distribution of trapped electrons at the device surface, as reported in the previous study by operando x-ray spectroscopy. In addition, we show external control of quantum dot formation, previously challenging in an FET structure, by using current collapse.

Multiscale modeling of short pulse laser induced amorphization of silicon

Silicon surface amorphization by short pulse laser irradiation is a phenomenon of high importance for device manufacturing and surface functionalization. To provide insights into the processes responsible for laser-induced amorphization, a multiscale computational study combining atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of nonequilibrium phase transformations with continuum-level modeling of laser-induced melting and resolidification is performed. Atomistic modeling provides the temperature dependence of the melting/solidification front velocity, predicts the conditions for the transformation of the undercooled liquid to the amorphous state, and enables the parametrization of the continuum model. Continuum modeling, performed for laser pulse durations from 30 ps to 1.5 ns, beam diameters from 5 to 70 μm, and wavelengths of 532, 355, and 1064 nm, reveals the existence of two threshold fluences for the generation and disappearance of an amorphous surface region, with the kinetically stable amorphous phase generated at fluences between the lower and upper thresholds. The existence of the two threshold fluences defines the spatial distribution of the amorphous phase within the laser spot irradiated by a pulse with a Gaussian spatial profile. Depending on the irradiation conditions, the formation of a central amorphous spot, an amorphous ring pattern, and the complete recovery of the crystalline structure are predicted in the simulations. The decrease in the pulse duration or spot diameter leads to an accelerated cooling at the crystal–liquid interface and contributes to the broadening of the range of fluences that produce the amorphous region at the center of the laser spot. The dependence of the amorphization conditions on laser fluence, pulse duration, wavelength, and spot diameter, revealed in the simulations, provides guidance for the development of new applications based on controlled, spatially resolved amorphization of the silicon surface.

Tomographic Magnetic Particle Imaging with a Single-Sided Field-Free Line Scanner.

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a biomedical imaging modality that shows promise in enhancing clinical imaging capabilities. While there are current efforts to expand MPI hardware to enable wholebody and head imaging, this comes at a significant cost in terms of complexity and expense. A single-sided scanner can offer greater accessibility to the scanning area, as all hardware is located on one side of the device's surface, however, at the price of the limited penetration depth. Despite this, a single-sided device could serve as an open geometry preclinical scanner and a clinical instrument for local screening and procedures. The original single-sided device was introduced for a field-free point encoding gradient, which may limit its practical characteristics. We developed a field-free line single-sided device that has improved imaging characteristics, which is beneficial for preclinical applications and potential clinical translation. We demonstrated full tomographic imaging capabilities with the prototype of a single-sided MPI scanner and characterized the imaging performance of our imaging system. MPI has the potential to image various human body regions, particularly for breast cancer diagnosis. Our research tackles the crucial aspect of scalability in the emerging MPI technique.

Modified castor oil-based UV/thermal dual-curing polyurethane acrylate coatings with outstanding comprehensive properties

Due to the fact that single UV-cured coatings frequently fail to fulfill the requirements in terms of depth and chroma, and do not reach the ideal state in terms of comprehensive performance. In order to solve these pain-points more effectively, the sulfhydryl-modified castor oil (COME) was successfully synthesized by introducing β-mercaptoethanol onto the plant-based material castor oil (CO) through the thiol-ene clink reaction. Subsequently, the synthesized polyurethane acrylate prepolymer (COPUA), monomer, photoinitiator and thermocuring agent were used as A component, and COME was used as B component. The two were mixed evenly according to a certain proportion, and the modified castor oil based polyurethane acrylate (COMEPUA) coatings were fabricated by UV/thermal dual-curing technology. Based on a series of performance test outcomes, the coating demonstrates excellent comprehensive properties, encompassing mechanical properties (where the shear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness can respectively reach 5.26MPa, 9.92MPa, 132.55%, and 47.77 Shore D), coating properties (where the absorption rates after 72h immersion in water, ethanol, 10wt% HCl, and 10wt% NaOH solvents are respectively 0.66, 17.98, 1.89, and 0.71%, and the volume resistivity and breakdown voltage are respectively 1.74×1016 Ω·cm and 10 KV) and curing properties (where the curing depth can reach 9.82mm, which is significantly higher than 3.51mm of single UV curing, and the colored curing is complete). It can exert protective functions such as anti-corrosion, anti-fouling, and insulation on circuit boards, electronic packaging, and device surfaces, and holds great potential in the application of coating materials.

Observation of spatiotemporal dynamics for topological surface states with on-demand dispersion

Dispersion management in guided wave optics is of vital importance for various applications. Topological photonics opens new horizons for manipulating unidirectional guided waves utilizing edge states. However, the experimental observation of spatiotemporal dynamics for guided waves with on-demand dispersion in topological photonic crystal is an important issue awaiting exploitation. Herein, we experimentally investigate the spatiotemporal properties of topological surface states with on-demand dispersion, where they are supported by a truncated valley photonic crystal with surface modulation. We observe the electromagnetic dynamics of surface states with typical dispersions, where dynamical trapping of an electromagnetic pulse mediated by the unidirectional surface state with flat dispersion and backward beam routing using reversed dispersion properties are achieved in photonic crystal slabs. Both numerical and experimental results substantiate the ultimate dispersion management for topological surface states, which could pave new ways for the manipulation of electromagnetic waves on the surface of photonic devices.

Структура та властивості поверхневих шарів деформованого цирк¬нію, легованого Nb, Мо та В шляхом лазерної обробки поверхні

The phase composition and structure of the near-surface layers of zirconium ribbons subjected to laser treatment in the initial state and after alloying with B, Mo, Nb were studied. The distribution of microhardness values on the surface of the coating and changes in microhardness at different distances from the surface were analyzed. X-ray structural analysis of the surface layers was performed, and their phase composition was determined. The influence of β-stabilizing elements on changes in the phase composition was demonstrated. In the Zr—Mo coating, a phase transformation of Zr with bcc modification takes place. It is observed that small intermetallic particles of the ZrMo2 compound are released, which help to increase the hardness in the coating to the values of μ = 1200—1300. The content of niobium in the zirconium matrix in the Zr—Nb coating, calculated according to X-ray analysis, is 29,4% (at.) which is sufficient to stabilize the BCC lattice. The value of microhardness Hμ = 600—700 on the surface of the coating is typical for hardened zirconium with a bcc lattice. The hardness of the Zr—B coating on the surface reaches values of Hμ = 1600—1400, gradually decreases in the depth of the molten layer to Hμ = 1300 and sharply decreases outside the molten zone to Hμ = 300. Significant surface hardening of the coating is associated with a large amount of the strengthening phase ZrB2. As a result of the experiments, it was established that doping with niobium and molybdenum causes fundamental phase changes in the surface layer of coatings due to the stabilization of the β phase. This is important for protecting the surfaces of nuclear power and medical devices. The addition of B significantly increases the hardness due to the mechanism of dispersed strengthening, which contributes to the improvement of the wear resistance of the coatings. Keywords: laser processing, coating, phase composition, dispersed particles, hardness.

Chip-Scale Aptamer Sandwich Assay Using Optical Waveguide-Assisted Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Chip-scale optical waveguide-assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) that used nanoparticles (NPs) was demonstrated. The Raman signals from Raman reporter (RR) molecules on NPs can be efficiently excited by the waveguide evanescent field when the molecules are in proximity to the waveguide surface. The Raman signal was enhanced by plasmon resonance due to the NPs close to the waveguide surface. The optical waveguide mode and the NP-induced field enhancement were calculated using a finite difference method (FDM). The sensing performance of the waveguide-assisted SERS device was experimentally characterized by measuring the Raman scattering from various RRs, including 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), 5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), and malachite green isothiocyanate (MGITC). The observed Raman spectral features were identified and assigned to the complex vibrational modes associated with different reporters. A low detection limit of 1 nM was achieved. In addition, the device sensing method was applied to the detection of the biomarker cardiac troponin I (cTnI) using an aptamer sandwich assay immobilized on the device surface. Overall, the optical waveguides integrated with SERS show a miniaturized sensing platform for the detection of small molecules and large proteins, potentially enabling multiplexed detection for clinically relevant applications.

(Invited) Active Matrix Organic/Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes Based on MoS2 Thin Film Transistors

Electronic applications are continuously developing and taking new forms, including foldable, rollable and wearable displays. These wearable displays are applicable in human healthcare monitoring and robotics, and their operation relies on organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The development of semiconducting materials with high mechanical flexibility has remained a challenge and has restricted application to unusual format electronics. This talk presents a wearable full color OLED display using a two-dimensional (2D) material-based backplane transistor.[1,2] The 18x18 thin-film transistor array was fabricated on a thin MoS2 film that was transferred to Al2O3 (30 nm)/polyethylene terephthalate (6 m). Red, green, and blue OLED pixels were deposited on the device surface. This 2D material offered excellent mechanical and electrical properties and proved to be capable of driving circuits for the control of OLED pixels. Furthermore, the uniform deposition of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) and their integration with backplane thin-film transistors (TFTs) remain challenging for large-area display applications. Herein, an active-matrix PeLED display fabricated via the heterogeneous integration of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) LEDs and MoS2-based TFTs is presented.[3] The single-source evaporation method enables the deposition of highly uniform perovskite thin films over large areas. PeLEDs are integrated with MoS2 TFTs to fabricate an active-matrix PeLED display with an 8×8 array, which exhibits excellent brightness control capability and high switching speeds. This study demonstrates the potential of PeLEDs as candidates for next generation displays and presents a novel approach for fabricating optoelectronic devices via the heterogeneous integration of 2D materials and perovskites, thereby paving the way toward the fabrication of practical future optoelectronic systems.