Deviation Analysis Research Articles

A Model for Developing Academic Leadership of Teachers in the 21st Century Under the Office of Primary Educational Service Area in Thailand

This research aimed to present a model for developing the academic leadership of teachers in the 21st century under the Office of Primary Educational Service Area. This study used an integrated research method divided into two phases. Phase One aimed to study the current state of academic leadership of teachers in the 21st century under the Office of the Primary Educational Service Area. The sample group of this phase included 335 educational institution administrators, teachers, and heads of the academic department at schools under the jurisdiction of the Primary Educational Service Area Office Government Inspection Area 14, derived from stratified random sampling and three exemplary educational institutions. Phase Two aimed at creating a model for developing teachers’ academic leadership in the 21st century under the Office of the Primary Educational Service Area. The sample group of this phase consisted of 12 experts for a focus group meeting, obtained from purposive sampling. The research tools used were questionnaires, interviews, and evaluation forms. Data were analyzed to investigate average, standard deviation, and content analysis. The research results showed that the current overall condition in every aspect was practiced at a high level. In addition, there were five academic leadership development models for teachers in the 21st century under the Primary Educational Service Area Office: principles of the model; objectives of the model; methods of operation of the model; evaluation of the model, and conditions for success of the model. The models were appropriate and the overall feasibility was high.

Investigation of Thermodynamic Properties and Stability of Metal Oxide (CuO and Al2O3)/Deionized Water Nanofluids for Enhanced Heat Transfer Applications

The potential of nanofluids in improving heat transfer efficiency is well recognized, although there is a lack of clarity regarding the methods for assessing their stability and the influence on thermophysical properties. Moreover, the prevention of nanoparticle aggregation, which is essential for stability, requires further investigation. This study aims to address these issues by investigating the thermodynamic properties and stability of Al2O3/deionized water and CuO/deionized water nanofluids, which were prepared using magnetic stirring and ultrasonication. The stability assessment, conducted through standard deviation analysis, revealed that CuO (80 nm)/deionized water nanofluids exhibited greater stability compared to Al2O3 (80 nm)/deionized water nanofluids. The research explored the impact of temperature, volume concentration, and nanoparticle type under both static and dynamic conditions. Static tests focused on measuring thermal conductivity, viscosity, and specific heat, while dynamic tests involved a heat exchanger setup to determine heat transfer rates. The findings indicated that CuO nanofluids displayed the highest thermal conductivity and the most significant reduction in specific heat and heat transfer rate. Viscosity was found to increase with nanoparticle concentration and decrease with temperature. This study provides valuable insights into the thermophysical characteristics and stability of nanofluids, emphasizing the advantages of CuO-based nanofluids for heat transfer applications.

Development of cyber wellness indicators among Thai older persons: Mixed method research

ABSTRACT This mixed methods Ph.D. study aims to evaluate the structure of a new five component Cyber Wellness model from research with 320 participants from a multi-stage random sampling method. This model includes five components found from critical literature review: 1. Cyber Use, 2. Cyber Citizenship, 3. Cyber Ethical Relationship, 4. Cyber Safety and 5. Cyber Rights. Participants responded to a 5-point Likert scale with X questions. In our analysis, we found an overall Cronbach’s alpha was .938, with individual component alphas ranging from .733 to .889. Statistical analyses included; mean, percentage, standard deviation, and confirmatory factor analysis. We found that each model component demonstrated significance at the .01 level, with factor loadings ranging from .71 to .96, with the highest factor loading for being Cyber Ethical Relationship. This means that improved cyber ethical relationships among older individuals could greatly enhance their overall wellness. Our confirmatory factor analysis results showed Chi-Square (χ2) = 64.00, df = 50, p = .088, goodness of fit index (GFI) = .97, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = .95, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .030. These results indicate that the chi-square value significantly differs from zero at the .05 level, supporting our main hypothesis that the measurement model aligns with empirical data and that the Cyber Wellness model developed in this study can serve as a foundational concept for designing learning programs that enhance Cyber Wellness among Thai older people using the identified indicators to create micro-learning modules suitable for their needs.

Wall Shear Stress (WSS) Analysis in Atherosclerosis in Partial Ligated Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mouse Model through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).

Atherosclerosis involves an inflammatory response due to plaque formation within the arteries, which can lead to ischemic stroke and heart disease. It is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with various contributing factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and smoking. Wall shear stress (WSS) is also known as a contributing factor of the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Since the causes of atherosclerosis cannot be attributed to a single factor, clearly understanding the mechanisms and causes of its occurrence is crucial for preventing the disease and developing effective treatment strategies. To better understand atherosclerosis and define the correlation between various contributing factors, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is primarily used. CFD simulates WSS, the frictional force caused by blood flow on the vessel wall with various hemodynamic changes. Using apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-KO) mice subjected to partial ligation and a high-fat diet at 1-week, 2-week, and 4-week intervals as an atherosclerosis model, CFD analysis was conducted along with the reconstruction of carotid artery blood flow via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compared to the inflammatory factors and pathological staining. In this experiment, a comparative analysis of the effects of high WSS and low WSS was conducted by comparing the standard deviation of time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) at each point within the vessel wall. As a novel approach, the standard deviation of TAWSS within the vessel was analyzed with the staining results and pathological features. Since the onset of atherosclerosis cannot be explained by a single factor, the aim was to find the correlation between the thickness of atherosclerotic plaques and inflammatory factors through standard deviation analysis. As a result, the gap between low WSS and high WSS widened as the interval between weeks in the atherosclerosis mouse model increased. This finding not only linked the occurrence of atherosclerosis to WSS differences but also provided a connection to the causes of vulnerable plaques.

THE INFLUENCE OF INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING ON INTEGRATED SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN TAGUM CITY: BASIS FOR AN INTERVENTION PLAN

The study aimed to determine the influence of inquiry-based learning on integrated science process skills. The result of the study was used to craft an intervention plan that will help enhance science process skills among college students. A descriptive- correlational design was employed. The 249 college-level respondents, enrolled in laboratory courses, were selected through stratified random sampling from four schools and universities in Tagum City. The study used two adapted and validated research questionnaires. Mean, standard deviation, Pearson r, and linear regression analysis were used as the statistical treatment of the study. The overall mean on the level of inquiry-based learning has resulted in 4.49 with a standard deviation of 0.67. The descriptive equivalent for the level of inquiry-based learning is very high. The homogeneity of responses has a computed standard deviation of 24.39 and a moderate descriptive equivalent which means that the indicator science process skills is fairly manifested. The result revealed that there is no significant relationship between inquiry-based learning and science process skills among college students in Tagum City. Based on the study results, an intervention plan has been developed to enhance students’ integrated science process skills. This plan includes strategies for teachers to promote integrated science process skills among students, such as alternative teaching methods, targeted skill development, teacher training, curriculum integration, assessment and feedback mechanisms, student engagement techniques, and ensuring resource availability. KEYWORDS: Science Education, inquiry-based learning, integrated science process skills, descriptive and correlational design, Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines

The Knowledge Management of Employees of Lao Telecommunication Public Companyin four provinces in the north of LaoPDR

The purpose of the research were: 1) To study the levelof knowledge management of employees of the Lao Telecommunication Public Company,2) To study the level of factors influencing knowledge management of Employees of Lao Telecommunication Public Companyand 3) To study the factors affecting the knowledge management of employees of the Lao Telecommunication Public Company in fourprovinces in the northern part of Lao PDR. The simple was 128 staff members of Laotelecommunication public companyin fournorthern provinces of Lao PDR. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument for data collection. Data collected were then analyzed using descriptive analysis to determine frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation and multiple regression analysis by stepwise method.The results of the study found that: 1) The level of knowledge management of employees of Lao telecommunication public company was at high level (=4.16, =0.57)and consisted of seven aspects such as: knowledge identification, knowledge acquisition, knowledge dissemination, knowledge organization, knowledge creation, knowledge application and learningrespectively. 2) The level of factors influencing knowledge management of employees of Lao telecommunication public company was at high level (=4.14, =0.50)and consisted of seven aspects such as: vision factors, leadershipfactors, technology factors, structurefactors, measurementfactors, cultureorganizationfactors, strategyfactors respectively.3) The factors affecting the knowledge management of employees of the Lao Telecommunication Public Company in four provinces in the northern part of Lao PDR, which consisted of two factors such as: structurefactors, leadershipfactors and measurementfactors at a significant level of 0.05. The equation can predict the knowledge management of employees of the Lao telecommunication public company in four northern provinces of Lao PDR as a whole up to 80.50%.

Factors Affecting Students' Decisions in Choosing to Study for a Master's Degree of Souphanouvong University

The purpose of this study wastoinvestigate:1)the level of students' opinions on the importance of factors that encourage students to study for the Master's program of Souphanouvong University, and 2) factors affecting students' decisions in choosing to study for the Master's program of Souphanouvong University. This study was conducted a quantitative and qualitative study, the sample group are 220 students who have graduated and are studying at the master's level of Souphanouvong University, usingthe questionnaires as a tool in the study, the statistics analysis weremean, Standard Deviation, and Regression multiple analysis. The result of the study found that 1)the level of students' opinions on the importance of factors that encourage students to study for the Master's degree of Souphanouvong University as a whole gives a high level of importance with X̅=4.15andS.D=0.46, which includes the course advertising factor at many levels with X̅=4.15and S.D=0.46, motivational factorswith X̅= 4.14andS.D=46, and maintenance factor with X̅=4.07andS.D=0.54. 2)Factors affecting students' decisions in choosing to study for the Master's degreeof Souphanouvong Universityinclude personnel development factors, teachers (professors), environmental factors and learning resources, scientific research factors and academic services with a statistical significance level of 0.05.

Simultaneous Detection of Major Greenhouse Gases with Multiresonator Photoacoustic Spectroscopy.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) detection plays an important role in climate change research and industry applications. A novel photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) sensor based on multiple resonators has been developed for the detection of GHGs. The major GHGs CO2, CH4, and N2O were measured simultaneously using only one acoustic sensor by coupling three acoustic resonators into a photoacoustic cell. A sinusoidal voltage signal-driven noise source was integrated into a multiresonator photoacoustic cell, allowing convenient calibration of the resonant frequency of the photoacoustic cell. The performance of the sensor was further enhanced by reflecting a laser beam four times in the photoacoustic cell. Allan deviation analysis showed that the minimum detection limits of 2.7 ppm, 90 ppb, and 1 ppb could be achieved for CO2, CH4, and N2O, respectively, over a 300 s integration time. The feasibility of the system was confirmed by continuous measurements of the three major GHGs from different sources for up to 10 h.

Analysis and optimization of microchannel array precision grinding processes with micro-structured micro-grinding tool

Micro-grinding has been widely used in aerospace and other industry. However, the small diameter of the micro-grinding tool has limited its machining performance and efficiency. In order to solve the above problems, micro-structure has been applied on the micro-grinding tool. A morphology modeling has been established in this study to characterize the surface of micro-structured micro-grinding tool, and the grinding performance of micro-structured micro-grinding tool has been analyzed through undeformed chip thickness, abrasive edge width, and effective distance between abrasives. Then deviation analysis, path optimization and parameter optimization of microchannel array precision grinding have been finished to improve processing quality and efficiency, and the deflection angle has the most obvious effects on the rectangular slot depth, micro-structured micro-grinding tool could reduce 10% surface roughness and 20% grinding force compared to original micro-grinding tool. Finally, the microchannel array has been machined with a size deviation of 2 μm and surface roughness of 0.2 μm.

Stress resistance as an indicator of psychological readiness for professional activities of modern youth

Introduction. The problem of stress tolerance does not lose its relevance today, the concept of stress tolerance is increasingly being discussed in the discourses of the European Union and international organizations. In modern conditions, a person performs responsible tasks in a difficult environment of constant exposure to psychogenic factors: physical overloads, intense work of attention, the need for continuous analysis of rapidly changing situations and their uncertainty, etc. In this regard, the problem of the importance of stress tolerance as an indicator and a possible component of psychological readiness for professional activity of modern youth is of particular relevance. The expediency of considering a single socio-psychological aspect of readiness for professional activity, which includes an inseparable set of personal formations and a state of focus on certain actions, is emphasized. Materials and methods. The respondents were 230 students of both sexes, the average age was 21 ± 2.3 years. The following diagnostic methods were used: S. Muddy's resilience test (adapted by D. A. Leontyev, E. I. Rasskazova), a stress resistance test that reveals the current level of stress (Boston stress resistance test), a method for diagnosing coping behavior in stressful situations (S. Norman, D. Endler, D. James, M. Parker), K. Zamfir’s technique modified by A.A. Reana “Motivation for professional activity”; questionnaire of volitional self-control A.G. Zverkov, E.V. Eidman (VSK), “Self-Confidence Scale” S. Reizas. The statistical reliability of the results is ensured by using the following procedures: descriptive statistics (analysis of intragroup means and standard deviations), Student's t-test. Results. The study found that 50% of students in group 1 (with a low level of resilience) have a reduced level of stress resistance, 50% of students in group 2 (with an average level of resilience) and 57.2% of group 3 (with a high level of resilience) have an average level of stress resistance. It was also established that the proper level of internal motivation, volitional self-control and assertiveness was revealed in the subjects with the highest stress resistance indicators. That is, the higher the stress tolerance indicators, the more effectively a person will be able to cope with difficulties and problems that arise on his way to the goal, the more likely he will make every effort to achieve a successful result and enjoy it. Conclusion. The results obtained suggest that the ability to withstand stress will allow a young specialist not only to cope with difficulties and problems that arise on his way to the goal but also to attach less importance to external circumstances which can have a positive impact on future professional activities.

Teachers’ Capacity Building Through Professional Development Training Program: A Perceived Perspective of New Appointed Faculty of Ghazi University

This research on teachers' capacity building through professional development training programs is crucial as it addresses the evolving needs of newly appointed faculty at Ghazi University. In a rapidly changing educational landscape, professional development is key to enhancing teaching effectiveness, fostering pedagogical innovation, and improving student outcomes. The leadership of Ghazi University decided to organize the training session for newly appointed faculty to update their professionalism for the quality work at work place. This responsibility was given to the department of education, Ghazi University to conduct the capacity building session. Insightful support was ensured by the university bodies i.e. director ORIC, director QEC, director FAD, director academic, director IT, controller examinations and registrar office of the university. Population was confined to newly appointed faculty at Ghazi University in 2021 that was 133 in total. The census sampling technique was used to collect the data as the whole population was approached. Self-developed questionnaire at five point Likert type scale was used to gather the information. Cronbach alpha value of the tool was 0.948. Only 100 respondents responded. Analysis was done by applying mean score, standard deviation, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. There was positive and significant correlation of teachers’ capacity building through professional development training program at university level. It was recommended that such training program must be conducted at university level for effective quality work.

EC-QCL-based photoacoustic spectroscopy for simultaneous detection of SF6 and SO2F2

Abstract In recent years, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) have been widely used as gas insulating medium and fumigant, respectively, leading to an increase in their emissions. Additionally, SF6 will decompose into SO2F2 in gas-insulated equipment due to overheating and discharge faults. Considering the hazards of SF6 and SO2F2 to the atmosphere and human health, it is essential to develop an accurate measurement system capable of simultaneously monitoring trace amounts of SF6 and SO2F2 in the ambient air at the application site. In the present work, a photoacoustic (PA) system combining an external-cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL) and a differential Helmholtz resonator has been used to realize the detection of SF6 and SO2F2. When the characteristic absorption wavenumbers of SF6 and SO2F2 were 1256.9 cm−1 and 1270.9 cm−1, respectively, the minimum detection limits of 2.3 ppm and 6.3 ppb were achieved. Based on the Allan deviation analysis, the stability of the PA system was evaluated and the detection sensitivity of both SF6 and SO2F2 was improved under the optimal integration time. An analysis of four different mixtures of SF6 and SO2F2 in N2 demonstrated the ability of the PAS apparatus to measure both gases simultaneously.

Numerical investigation of rip currents near a barred beach induced by irregular waves

Rip currents pose a common natural hazard at coastal tourist beaches, presenting a significant threat to the safety of beachgoers and beach management. To better understand the characteristics of rip currents, particularly those induced by irregular waves on a barred beach, this study utilized a Boussinesq-type, phase-resolving hydrodynamic model for numerical simulations. We investigated various factors, including significant wave height, peak period, incident angle, and bottom friction, to assess their impact on rip currents formation. The results of our research reveal some key insights. Firstly, an increase in significant wave height and peak period fosters the development of rip currents. However, beyond a certain threshold, the intensity of the rip currents decreases. Conversely, a larger incident angle tends to reduce the intensity of rip currents. Additionally, higher bottom friction leads to increased energy dissipation during wave propagation, consequently resulting in decreased rip currents intensity. In an effort to create a more precise representation of real sea conditions, multi-directional waves were employed as incident waves in this study. An analysis of different standard deviations of directional distributions revealed that as the directional spread of incident waves widens, the waves become more susceptible to breaking, ultimately leading to a reduction in the intensity of rip currents.

Experimental investigation of different sub-regimes in horizontal stratified and intermittent gas-liquid two-phase flow: Flow map and analysis of pressure drop fluctuations

Horizontal stratified and intermittent gas-liquid two-phase flows exhibit several sub-regimes. Identifying these correctly would enable the development of more robust predictive models. This study reports on experimental investigation, based on observations and the collection of time series of pressure drop in a 40 mm ID pipe. Nine different sub-regimes (SS, 2D wave, 3D wave, RW, ED+RW, PS+RW, plug, LAS, HAS) were revealed. An original flow pattern map for this diameter is proposed including transitory regions between the sub-regime. Comparison of experimental observations with existing flow maps has highlighted the effect of pipe diameter on transition of sub-regimes. As reported in literature the sub-regimes, could be identified by direct visualization of the pressure drop time series obtained from differential pressure sensor a swell as using Probability Density Function. Furthermore, statistical analysis of standard deviation as function of gas superficial velocity enabled detection of the transition of various sub-regimes. Finally, a space feature based on standard deviation and mixture Froude number is proposed as an identification tool between the different sub-regimes investigated.

Bayesian modeling of the Gompertz curve for meat quails growth data considering different error distributions

This study applied the Gompertz model to quail growth data, assuming symmetric and asymmetric homoscedastic and heteroscedastic error distributions (Normal, t-Student, Skew normal, and Skew t), undera Bayesian framework. Model selection criteria included the Bayesian Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) and the analysis of residual standard deviation (σ), as well as graphical assessment of the fit. For both homoscedastic error structures (males: DIC=7.186; σ=10.73) and (females: DIC=5.572; σ=11.88) as well as heteroscedastic structures (males: DIC=6.493; σ=0.795) and (females: DIC=4.405; σ=0.824), the best fits were obtained by considering the Skew t distribution for errors. In homoscedastic fits, significant residual asymmetry (λ) was observed only for female quails (CI(λ)=[-8.039;-0.340]), whereas in heteroscedastic fits, the parameter was not significant for both sexes. Additionally, heteroscedasticity (δ) captured in the fits was significant for both sexes (males: CI(δ)=[1.66;2.13] and females: CI(δ)=[1.80;2.26]). Understanding animal growth is crucial for optimizing management and feeding practices, reducing time and costs in production. In this case, the use of nonlinear models considering heteroscedastic and/or asymmetric residual structures contributes to greater accuracy in decision-making.

How effective is score-based data quality assessment? An illustration with fish BCF data

Increasingly rigorous data quality (DQ) evaluations and/or screening practices are being applied to environmental and ecotoxicological datasets. DQ is predominantly evaluated by scoring given data against preselected criteria. This study provides the first examination on the effectiveness of score-based DQ evaluation in providing statistically meaningful differentiation of measurements using fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) dataset as an illustration. This is achieved by inspecting how log BCF differs with the built-in overall-DQ and specific-DQ evaluations, and how it is influenced by interactive effects and hierarchy of DQ criteria. Approximately 80–90% of analyzable chemicals show no statistical difference in log BCF between low-quality (LQ) and high-quality (HQ) measurements in overall evaluation (n = 183) or in individual evaluation of 6 DQ criteria (n = 53 to 101). Further examination shows that log BCF may/may not change with different combinations or total number of criteria violations. Tree analysis and nodal structures of deviation in log BCF also reveal the absence of common structural dependence on the criteria violated. Finally, simple averaging of all measurements without DQ differentiation yields comparable log BCFs as those derived using strictly HQ data with ≤0.5 log unit difference in over 93% of the chemicals (n = 158) and no dependence on number of measurements, fraction of LQ measurements, or bioaccumulation potential of the chemicals. For accurate log BCF, DQ appears no more important than having more independent measurements irrespective of their individual DQ statuses. This work concludes by calling for: (i) re-documentation of experimental details in legacy environmental and ecotoxicological datasets, (ii) examination of other DQ-categorized datasets using the tests and tools applied here, and (ii) a thorough and systematic reflection on how DQ should be assessed for modeling, benchmarking, and other data-based analyses or applications.

Development of an instructional English manual for hotel receptionists in Buriram province, Thailand

This study aimed to achieve three main objectives: 1) to investigate the needs of hotel receptionists in Buriram province, Thailand for learning English for hospitality, 2) to construct an instructional English manual tailored to meet the receptionists’ needs; and 3) to examine the satisfaction of the developed manual. The population of this study consisted of 200 hotel receptionists working in Buriram province, Thailand. The sample was 32 receptionists from hotels in Muang district, Buriram province, selected by purposive sampling. The research instruments included a questionnaire on the need for learning English for hospitality, a satisfaction questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis. The findings revealed that: 1) the hotel receptionists expressed a high need for an instructional English manual, 2) the developed manual was in the form of a mini e-book comprised of five units: greeting and saying goodbye, making reservations, asking and offering help, writing emails for hotel business, and providing hotel and other relevant information; and 3) the satisfaction towards the manual was at the highest level.

A case study of preliminary damage detection of two heritage vaults through geometric deformation analysis on 3D point clouds

Masonry vaults are common structural elements in heritage buildings that, given their long lifespan, are susceptible to the accumulation of damages and deformations from diverse actions such as overloads, support movements, seismic action, etc. The use of 3D point clouds from terrestrial laser scanners and structure from motion photogrammetry survey to investigate these deformations can offer valuable information for structural assessment and conservation, particularly when historical information is limited. The analysis of the deviation measured between the surveyed as-built point cloud of a vault and a reference geometry could reveal deformation patterns. Those, compared with recurring damage mechanisms discussed in literature, can provide a preliminary identification of the damage mechanisms affecting a structure, and the evaluation guide the recognition of the underlying action. The aim of this paper is to investigate how to generate different reference geometries and the impacts of their choice as reference geometry for the identification and quantification of different deformations. Deviation analyses were performed on the main vaults of two different churches with different reference geometries (i.e., geometries derived from the survey and geometrical primitives fitted on point-cloud), and the results were discussed by comparing the deviation maps obtained with the crack pattern and the already known deformations of the buildings.

Investigating the State of Sleep Disorders and the Factors Affecting Them in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that leads to non-traumatic disability and is influenced by both hereditary and environmental factors. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the state of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome and the factors affecting it in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study included 180 patients, selected based on previous studies on MS patients and the prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome. The STOP-BANG questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were used for data collection. Additionally, a demographic profile form was utilized to gather information on age, sex, marital status, education level, and income status of the patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software, employing mean and standard deviation, chi-square test, ANOVA, correlation coefficient, and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that among patients with a low risk of OSA, 87.3% were female, whereas among those with a high risk of OSA, 71.4% were male. This indicates that the risk of OSA is higher in men than in women with MS. Additionally, the mean ± SD of the Epworth score in high-risk individuals was 16.41 (1.56), compared to 14.27 (1.78) in low-risk individuals, indicating poorer Epworth scores in those at high risk of OSA. Conclusions: The prevalence of OSA and other sleep disorders among patients with MS in Ilam was found to be high. Therefore, it is recommended that necessary therapeutic and rehabilitation interventions be implemented to reduce OSA and improve the sleep quality of these patients.

Application of Management Accounting in Business Management that Affects the Success of Beauty Clinics in Bangkok

The purpose of this research is to study accounting strategies that affect business success from financial, customer, and internal operations perspectives. and learning and development of beauty clinics in Bangkok by using a questionnaire It is a tool for this study. The sample group used in this study The sample group used in this study was accounting directors. Accounting Manager Head of Accounting Department and accounting staff of the private hospital business in Bangkok, totaling 364 people, Statistics used in the study include number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Multiple Regression Analysis.  Major Findings 1)] management accounting Affects business success, financial perspective of beauty clinics in Bangkok. 2) Application of management accounting Affecting business success, customer perspective of beauty clinics in Bangkok. 3) Application of management accounting Affects the success of the business from a perspective on the internal operations of beauty clinics in Bangkok. 4) Application of management accounting Affects the success of the business, perspectives on learning and development of beauty clinics in Bangkok.