Deviant Behavior Research Articles

The Transient Nature of Hysteria: How Patriarchal Victorian Values Fostered its Existence

Hysteria is an everchanging illness that has historically been regarded as both a medical and mental disorder. Characterized by a plethora of symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, and grand movements, the disease was particularly diagnosed in females at its peak in the 19th century. Key figures of the 19th century’s medical and psychological spheres, such as Jean-Martin Charcot and Sigmund Freud, contributed to the perception of hysteria as a predominantly female disease. Charcot’s presentations of the female hysterical body, coupled with the patriarchal values of the Victorian Era, created the perfect environment for hysteria to be viewed in this way. Although once quite prominent, the diagnosis of hysteria ultimately disappeared with its removal from the DSM-III in 1980. Its disappearance and transient nature raise questions about how societal and cultural factors impact the narrative of illnesses. These questions can be approached using Canadian philosopher Ian Hacking’s framework for transient mental illnesses. This framework asserts that mental illnesses are transient because they require a specific environment to flourish, often referred to as an “ecological niche”. Furthermore, Hacking suggests there are four possible vectors that contribute to the development of these illnesses: 1) the illness and its symptoms must be deemed abnormal, 2) the deviant behaviour of the illness must align with other illnesses, 3) the illness must lie between a cultural polarity, and 4) the illness must provide release. Thus, using the concept of Ian Hacking’s framework, hysteria can be viewed as a transient mental illness fostered by the patriarchal values of the Victorian Era and can be examined through each of the four vectors.

Изменение склонности к девиантному поведению в процессе профессионального становления военнослужащих

<p>High physical and psychological stress has a negative and even detrimental effect on military personnel, which can lead to maladaptive and deviant forms of behavior. It is relevant to study the dynamics of the tendency to deviant behavior as military personnel grow professionally. Purpose: to study the differences in the manifestation of a tendency to deviant behavior in military personnel of different official categories: privates, corporals, sergeants and warrant officers; contract and conscription employees, persons with higher education and secondary education. Methods: Scales of propensity to addictive behavior; Questionnaire of propensity to delinquent and addictive behavior (DAB-2); SADS-30 (Suicidality, aggression, drug addiction, substance abuse); Questionnaire for detecting early signs of alcoholism; Questionnaire for diagnosing Bass-Perry aggression-24; factor analysis, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis criteria. Subjects: 42 male military personnel of different job categories (under contract, conscription; privates, corporals, sergeants and warrant officers), aged 18—30 years. Results: it was found that the propensity to drug addiction is less pronounced in contract employees (p≤0.05) and in non-commissioned and junior officers (p≤0.05). Factor analysis has shown that most deviations constitute a single factor, which includes indicators of aggression both towards others and towards oneself; one can note a reduced tendency to delinquent and other forms of deviant behavior, but an increased risk of going into addictive or suicidal behavior. This is also accompanied by a low focus on military service. Conclusions: during the study, it was found that there are differences in the manifestation of a tendency to deviant behavior among military personnel of different official categories: privates, corporals, sergeants and warrant officers. Continuing to serve in the army (under contract) is associated with a decrease in the tendency to manifest deviations.</p>

The Internal and External Factors in Prevention of Procurement Fraud in Goods and Services Based on E-Procurement

The process of goods and services procurement within the government environment still has vulnerabilities to fraud, which necessitates proper handling. This study aims to identify the factors that can influence efforts to prevent fraud in the procurement of goods and services using an e-procurement system. The data for this research was obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to employees at the Procurement Services Unit (ULP) and the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) Office of Dompu Regency. The sampling method used in this study is purposive sampling. Furthermore, the research data were tested using multiple regression analysis. This study demonstrates that the variables of technology utilization, e-procurement, internal control systems, organizational culture, employee ethics, and religiosity can influence the prevention of fraud in the procurement of goods and services. The research findings can serve as a reference for evaluating the use of information technology through e-procurement and the application of internal control systems for optimal results. Additionally, it is important to consider human resources, specifically employees, in maintaining organizational culture, good ethics, and religious values as a foundation for actions in the workplace to avoid various deviant or unlawful behaviors.

School Shooting as an Extreme form of Deviant Behavior: Expert Evaluations

Such a phenomenon as school shooting, which entered the everyday life of society, frightened humanity with its cruelty and unpredictability, found a response in scientific community. The school shooting discourse is wide: from theoretical understandings (towards analysis of theories of anomie and deviance, stigmatization and criminology, the concepts of differential associative, communicative, axiological and existential approaches) to empirical justifications. They showed that this multifactorial destructive phenomenon is labile, its configuration changes along with the changing social reality, which significantly expands the research field. The study concerns the expert characteristics of this phenomenon. Authors have concluded that the most likely motive for violence in educational institutions is in most cases psychological trauma or school shooter’s disorders. Society’s reaction to school shooting is superficial and mainly reduced to appeals to limit Internet content. The root cause of tragic incidents of school shooting should be considered the deformation of value-motivational sphere of an individual in children and adolescents. The key channel for spread and rooting of destructive attitudes among young people is messengers, where teenagers and children are actively recruited. However, the main hazard lies in the fact that these virtual contacts and connections subsequently find their consolidation and materialization in real environment of educational institutions, where “cells” of destructive behavior are formed, capable of attracting more and more new participants into their orbit.

Happy childhood: the search for an informative system of characteristics through the prism of eventfulness

The results of a study devoted to identifying the potential of using information about childhood events to explain the subsequent perception of childhood as a happy one are presented. Based on the assumption that the specificity of the eventfulness of the very first stage of life can determine the existence of groups with happy and unhappy childhood according to subjective estimates, a selection of childhood events has been made that most allow differentiating those who evaluate their childhood as happy and unhappy. As an empirical basis, the results of a survey of representatives of a youth group who have crossed the age of majority or are on its border are used. Among the 100 initial childhood events for analysis, groups of life episodes were identified, the presence and age of occurrence of which are associated with a retrospective assessment of childhood as happy. These are events related to the manifestation of subjectivity and its recognition by adults; consumer and financial socialization ; establishing relationships with peers and parents; independent movements and mobility; a variety of leisure practices and prosocial behavior; some manifestations of infantilism; the absence or later onset of certain traumatic events, deviant behavior practices, actions to change appearance. The listed groups of life episodes form the basis of an informative system of characteristics of a subjectively prosperous childhood and can be used in the future to implement models of multidimensional analysis.

Законодательная регламентация вопросов противодействия новым формам девиантного поведения в сети «Интернет»

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of legislative counteraction to new forms of deviant behavior that have recently appeared in the information space of the Internet. Trash streams represent the greatest public danger among its currently existing varieties. With the application of general scientific and private scientific methods, as well as the method of systemic formal- legal analysis, an attempt was made to determine some general provisions concerning the possibility of bringing the organizers and participants of trash streams to criminal, as well as in some cases to administrative responsibility. From the position of the theory of criminal legal science, as well as the currently available law enforcement practice, a number of draft laws prepared by the public and legislators, which are currently being considered as legislative initiatives, have been analyzed. In particular, the draft law on introducing alterations and additions to criminal legislation, proposing to establish criminal liability for committing such acts on the Internet. The subject of the study is federal laws, regulations and documents governing social relations in the field of combating criminal manifestations of deviant behavior on the Internet. The material base of the study was formed by the works of domestic forensic scientists devoted to the problem under study, as well as periodical press materials, judicial and investigative practice. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the basic provisions of the dialectical method of cognition, general scientific and private scientific methods, such as comparative-legal, concrete-sociological, formal-logical, systemic and historical, which made it possible to state some general conclusions. Results. As a result of the research the relevance of the systemic formal-legal approach has been established, starting from the legislative fixation of the concepts related to the signs of trash streaming, an attempt has been made to formulate the general conditions of criminalization of this kind of phenomena, legislative initiatives and proposals aimed at combating trash streaming have been named and analyzed. In addition, the conclusion is drawn of the complexity of criminal legal qualification of trash streaming as an act enshrined in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the form of a specific criminal law norm due to the formal absence of indicia of public danger and illegality, as well as the need for further work on draft laws, taking into account, among other things, the opinion of the scientific community.

Изменение структуры девиаций в рядах Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации: правовые и социально-психологические аспекты

The article presents the results of an analysis of changes in the structure of deviations in the ranks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the period from 2000 to 2021, conducted taking into account the legal foundations of military service with the help of research by Ya.I. Gilinsky. A number of deviations peculiar to the RF Armed Forces are highlighted, their sociological origin is explained using the classification of deviations according to E.V. Zmanovskaya. Recommendations for the prevention of cases of deviant behavior of military personnel through the prediction of increased deviations are proposed.

Beyond delinquency and drug use: Links of peer pressure to long-term adolescent psychosocial development.

This study examined the predictors and sequelae of exposure to peer pressure from close friends in adolescence. Adolescents (99 female; 85 male) were followed from age 13 to 24 utilizing peer, parent, and romantic partner reports and observational data. Participants who were exposed to high levels of peer pressure as teens were more likely to experience higher levels of coercive behavior from romantic partners (as reported by those partners), as well as lower levels of parent-reported functional independence. All findings held even after accounting for baseline levels of teen assertiveness. Adolescents at risk for increasing exposure to peer pressure were characterized by poor-quality parent and peer relationships, as well as baseline deficits in ability to assert autonomy. Results suggest that exposure to peer pressure, aside from its potential effects on deviant or risky behavior, may reflect a powerful threat to the autonomy development process as adolescents transition from parents to peers as primary sources of support and interaction.

Deviant behavior of adolescents: Causes and international experience

Deviant behavior of adolescents: Causes and international experience

Некоторые аспекты педагогической профилактики правонарушений несовершеннолетних в условиях учебно-воспитательного процесса колледжа

Introduction. Today in the Russian Federation there is a serious problem regarding child crime and other illegal behavior. Theoretical analysis. Activities on prevention and control of child delinquency are carried out by government agencies, however, in order to eradicate this problem, it must be approached comprehensively. Preventive work is currently assigned to various institutions, including educational ones. This article discusses the main features of preventive work among students of secondary educational institutions. The author also gives a definition of deviant behavior of adolescents. The main types of forms, methods and techniques of preventive work of a teacher have been studied. The main directions of work on the prevention of illegal behavior of adolescents are highlighted. The concept of means of prevention is given and their types are listed. The author emphasizes the importance of the teacher’s ability to correctly, clearly and deeply express his thoughts during preventive work with adolescents. Conclusion. In conclusion, the author points out the need for systematic and continuous preventive work among students of secondary vocational educational organizations. At the same time, he notes the importance of participation and active interaction of teachers and educational psychologists in this process.

Ethical Dilemmas: A Perspective from Pakistani Higher Education Institutions

Employees' deviant behavior has become a serious concern for employers as it puts organizational productivity at stake. The current study examined the existing unethical and immoral practices in the higher education faculty from the perspective of management. In order to achieve this goal, the study determined how faculty members' attitudes and perceptions towards moral standards and codes of conduct in Pakistan's higher education institutions manifest themselves in their actions while at work. Purposive sampling was used in combination with participant observation to conduct 19 interviews with the management of Pakistan's top universities, adhering to the qualitative tradition. As analytical techniques, pattern matching and cross-case analysis were applied. The findings revealed several intentional deviant behaviors that harm the work quality of academics. It is therefore important to address all such issues to preserve the quality of higher education.

Robert K. Merton and Innovation-Related Topics: Three Theoretical Ideas

As in other disciplines, such as organization science, sociology, and economics, there are good reasons for scholars in innovation and entrepreneurship research to revisit the classics within and outside their own research fields. Robert K. Merton (1910–2003) is not usually explicitly connected to innovation research, but to fields such as the sociology of science and knowledge. However, his scholarly productions include texts relevant to innovation and entrepreneurship. In 1935, he published on invention and innovation in American industry, and in 1938, he put forward the idea of innovation as deviant behavior or nonconformist adaptive behavior (Merton 1938a). In 1945, he began writing about the concept of serendipity, which he later discussed several times. This paper discusses how theoretical insights from Merton may inspire entrepreneurship, creativity, and innovation research. The discussion is framed around Merton’s innovation-related ideas and their relevance today, based on 20–25 Merton publications from 1934 to 2004 drawn from his larger scholarly production. The paper extracts three main examples of Merton’s theoretical ideas and insights. The first is his interest in simultaneous independent discoveries (Merton 1961a; 1961b), which has later been seen as a zeitgeist perspective on (scientific) creativity. The second is his view of innovation as deviant behavior and an adaptive response (Merton 1938), which is relevant to, among others, discussion of the dark side of innovation. The third is his interest in the idea of serendipity in scientific discovery (Merton 1945; 1948a), which is relevant today in relation to entrepreneurial opportunity and accidental innovation.

Pola Komunikasi Guru dengan Siswa Sekolah Menengah Sekolah Alam Bogor dalam Membangun Kepemimpinan

The lack of leadership development and moral values among students can result in deviant behaviors such as verbal and physical violence, and even substance abuse. This underscores the importance of character development and leadership among students. In this context, effective communication between teachers and students becomes crucial in addressing these challenges. This study aims to explore how teachers at SM Sekolah Alam Bogor communicate to instill leadership in their students. This research use qualitative method, using data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings suggest that various forms of communication patterns need to be applied to strengthen and complement the communication process between teachers and students. The implementation of leadership is found in various communication processes, whether through regular interactions, assigning tasks, classroom learning, or outdoor trips. Research also found that leadership qualities are present as evidenced by the impact shown by their senior students (SM 3).

The effect of toxic leadership on workplace deviance: the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion, and the moderating effect of organizational cynicism

BackgroundToxic leadership is abusive, destructive, and detrimental to nurses, can decrease nurse morale, increase stress levels, diminish organizational performance, and cause employee emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion, a key component of burnout, has been linked to decreased job performance and increased likelihood of engaging in deviant behaviors at work. Organizational cynicism, as a negative attitude or distrust towards the organization and its leadership, may exacerbate the relationship between toxic leadership and workplace deviance. This study aims to explore how toxic leadership, workplace deviance, emotional exhaustion, and organizational cynicism are interrelated in the nursing profession.MethodA multicenter descriptive, cross-sectional research design was conducted at three university hospitals affiliated with three Egyptian governorates: Zagazig, El-Fayoum, and Alexandria. Two hundred forty-three nurses completed the Personal and Job-related Data Questionnaire, Toxic Leadership Scale, Emotional Exhaustion Scale, Workplace Deviance Scale, and Organizational Cynicism Scale. Mediation analysis using SPSS PROCESS revealed that emotional exhaustion indirectly influences the relationship between toxic leadership and workplace deviance, while hierarchical multiple regression showed that organizational cynicism moderates this relationship, with linear regression confirming the predictive impact of these variables on workplace deviance.ResultsToxic leadership exhibits a substantial positive influence on workplace deviance (B = 16.132, p < 0.001), as does emotional exhaustion (B = 8.760, p < 0.001) and organizational cynicism (B = 5.376, p = 0.036). Furthermore, the interaction terms of toxic leadership, organizational cynicism, and emotional exhaustion are significant (B = -3.012, p = 0.036). The negative coefficient of the interaction term implies a mitigating impact, indicating that the combined presence of high toxic leadership, high emotional exhaustion, and high organizational cynicism may counterintuitively reduce workplace deviance (t = -2.110).ConclusionThese results suggest that while toxic leadership, emotional exhaustion, and organizational cynicism each independently increase workplace deviance, their combined presence may unexpectedly reduce deviant behaviors.Implication for nursingThese results highlight the significance of tackling toxic leadership practices and cultivating a positive organizational culture to enhance a healthier work environment and reduce instances of workplace deviance. Healthcare settings should prioritize interventions to improve leadership practices, enhance employee well-being, and cultivate a supportive organizational climate.

Factors Affecting Students Dropout as Perceived by the Senior High School Students of MSU Marawi City. A Basis for a Proposed Guidance and Counseling Intervention Program and School Community Partnership

This study aimed to determine the Factors affecting Students Dropout as Perceived by the Senior High School Students of MSU Marawi City. A Basis for a Proposed Guidance and Counseling Intervention Program and School Community Partnership. This study undertaken to highlight the answers of the following questions. First, what is the profile of the respondents in terms of Age, Gender, Civil Status, Religion, Affiliation, Ethnicity, Scholarship, Number of Siblings, Siblings Rank. The Father’s Educational Attainment, Father Occupations, Mothers Educational Attainment, Mother’s Occupation and Family Monthly Income. Second, what are the causes and factors affecting drop out in school among the graduating students of Senior High School of MSU Marawi City in relation to the following, Family Related factors, Peers Related Factors, School Related Factors Personal Problems Related Factors, Peace and Order and Ridu. Third, what is school community partnership and intervention program may be formulated based on the findings of the study. This study was conducted in MSU Marawi City Senior High School where three hundred forty-one students served as the respondents. A descriptive design was used in this study. SelfConstructed questionnaire was the main instrument used to gather data for this study. After administering, recording, tabulating and interpreting the data gathered the following finding were drawn: Many (41.64%) of the respondents were between 18 to 20 years of age, (56.89%) of the respondents were female, Majority (64.81%) of them belong to Islam religion. Majority (57.77%) were Meranao. Therefore, Senior High School of MSU Marawi City has an age of brackets of 18 to 20 years old, a female, with a religious affiliation of Islam, a Meranao, and ESC Grantees status, with 6 or more siblings, probably 3rd or 5th in rank, where father’s and mother’s Educational Attainment is college graduate both working in government office with a monthly income of above P 15, 000.00 The researcher observed that the factors related to students dropout was Ridu (3.11%) and peace and order ( 2.77%) family (2.76%) personal( 2.73%) peer ( 2.73%) and School (2.72) were sometime related to students’ dropout in school. As such, there is no one causes and factor that could contribute to dropouts of the students. Studies yielded that no single factor can completely account for student’s performance and decision to continue in school until they finish their senior high school. Just as a student they report a variety of reasons for not pursuing their academic. The decision to drop out is not simply a result of what happens in school. Clearly student’s behavior and performance in school influences their decision to stay or leave, but students’ activities and behaviors outside of school particularly engaging in deviant behavior also influences their determination to pursue their academic. Thus, this study is primarily recommended to the school heads, curriculum makers, guidance counselor, parents, community, teachers, students and to the future researchers to really assess, properly monitor the students’ performance will help them focus their studies and pursue to graduate. The benefits of this study greatly help in motivating the students to stay in school and graduate. Planning and decision making should consider the background knowledge, and culture of the students prior to his needs.

Organisational justice and deviance in academia: Is there a moderating effect of personality?

Orientation: Social exchange theory (SET) posits that employees reciprocate injustice with workplace deviance. However, studies reveal this may not always be the case because of the differences in employees’ personality traits.Research purpose: To examine the moderating role of Honesty-Humility, Emotionality and Agreeableness (H-HEA) of the HEXACO personality domain on the relationship between organisational justice (OJ) and workplace deviance among employees of selected public universities in South-West Nigeria.Motivation for the study: It becomes imperative to study workplace deviance behaviour (WDB) because of its costs and prevalence in the organisation. Hence, this study integrates the situational and individual antecedents of workplace deviance, using the HEXACO personality domain to moderate the relationship between OJ and personality.Research approach/design and method: The study adopted a quantitative approach; a survey was conducted among 572 employees of three public universities in Nigeria. Data collected were analysed using partial least square structural equation modelling.Main findings: The findings revealed that WDB reduces with OJ and increases with injustice. Essentially, the moderating effect of E-HEXACO selected by the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is found to be insignificant.Practical/managerial implications: The study recommends that university management and government alike should ensure justice in the public universities as this helps to reduce WDB.Contribution/value-add: This study proposes that employees’ personality traits will determine whether they will reciprocate feelings of injustice with deviant behaviour. This study has contributed to the literature by examining the HEXACO personality traits, which are scarcely being examined in Nigerian literature.

The Immigration–Crime Nexus: Inner and Outer Containment Buffer or A Push Toward Delinquency

The ongoing debate over the immigration–crime nexus has continued to attract a wide range of research efforts in the criminal justice field. To build on these initiatives, this study not only examines the relationship between immigrants and adolescent crime but also explores attributes derived from containment effects that may contribute to or shield individuals from deviant behavior in America. Results showed that both immigrant and native-born adolescents share similar external attributes rather than internal traits that affect delinquency. For instance, inherent immigration status and identity is relatively more influential on self-reported substance problems among immigrant youth compared to their native-born counterparts. Interestingly, among external attributes, immigrant and native-born adolescents are responsive to legitimate opportunity and neighborhood order in different ways which thrust them into different deviant pathways.

Aggression as a Mediator Between Ineffective Parenting Practices and Adolescent Deviant Behaviors

ABSTRACT This study examined the mediating effect of aggression on the relationship between three ineffective parenting practices (weak supervision, inconsistent parenting, and low warmth) and adolescent deviance. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) and a nationally representative longitudinal sample of South Korean adolescents (N = 1,823), results showed that all three parenting practices significantly affected aggression, which, in turn, significantly influenced deviance. Aggression fully mediated the effects of weak supervision and inconsistent parenting on deviance, while partially mediating the relationship between low parental warmth and adolescent deviance. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Target pressure and corporate scandals: a natural language processing investigation of how organizational culture underlies institutional failures

ABSTRACT An organizational culture of pressurizing employees to achieve unrealistic goals (“target pressure”) is often suggested to foster the misconduct and risk-taking that causes institutional failures (corporate scandals, accidents). To conceptualize and investigate this, we gathered anonymous employee online reviews about working in 218 companies (71,830 reviews, containing 4,356,105 words) and developed a natural language processing algorithm to measure the salience of norms for target pressure within the employee reviews. Using this measure, we surfaced and qualitatively analysed sentences in which employees discussed target pressure, and quantitatively tested whether companies with a high target pressure culture (in which target pressure was especially salient in collective thinking) were at greater risk of experiencing a corporate scandal. Our hypothesis was supported. Qualitative analysis found that high target pressure cultures are characterized by norms for three inter-linking elements: overly ambitious targets that are beyond the capability and control of employees, highly consequential targets that generate strain, and expediency in achieving targets, which encourages an “ends justify the means” mentality. Combined, these elements may increase the likelihood of institutional failures by promoting, incentivizing, and normalizing deviant or risky behaviour (i.e. to achieve targets), and implicitly de-prioritizing the importance of safe and ethical conduct.

The Propensity for Deviant Sexual Behavior in the General Population: An Empirical Examination of the Motivation-Facilitation Model.

In their influential paper Wurtele et al. (2014) investigated the degree to which individuals within the general population (N = 435) express sexual interest in children. In the male population of their study (n = 173), about 6% showed a propensity to engage in sexual activity with a child. Based on a German general population sample consisting of women and men (N = 911, n = 206 males), we were able to replicate most of the results of Wurtele and colleagues (e.g., 6% of men indicated some likelihood of having sex with a child). To explain sexual offending, Seto (2019) developed the motivation-facilitation model (MFM). In our study, we were interested whether this model also translates to explaining the propensity for deviant sexual behavior in the general population. Moderated hierarchical logistic regression analyses revealed that hypersexuality and sexual fantasies had significant effects as motivating factors for deviant sexual behavior (e.g., sexually assaulting an adult), whereas we found no significant effect of psychopathy as a facilitator. For the prediction of child sexual abuse, only hypersexuality had a significant effect. Notably, after including gender in both models the effect of hypersexuality was no longer significant. Accordingly, we were able to show that the MFM is useful in explaining the propensity for deviant sexual behavior foremost in the male general population. Thus, in clinical practice an assessment of hypersexuality seems to be most relevant for the male population.