Development Of Theory Research Articles

Психологические факторы здоровья у молодых и пожилых лиц

<p>The article examines the problem of preserving and maintaining human health from the standpoint of the biopsychosocial approach, the theory of functional systems by P.K. Anokhin, the theory of development and functioning of higher mental functions, as well as the concept of cerebral information fields and the psychological information fields of the brain formed on their basis. The empirical part of the article focuses on studying of psychological factors affecting the health of young and elderly people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a calm and post-stress state. The study reveals the features of the negative impact of stress on psychological health in young and elderly people with MCI, as well as highlights the factors contributing to the deterioration or maintenance of psychological health in different age groups. It was found that in a stressful situation, elderly people with MCI have a more differentiated reaction to stress compared to young people, and indicators of self-esteem and cognitive functions remain at the same level, while young people in a stressful situation demonstrate an undifferentiated reaction leading to personal maladaptation, deterioration of cognitive functions and greater severity of negative emotions (anxiety, fear, aggression, depression). The data obtained indicate a greater ability of elderly people with MCI to regulate their psychological health, compared with younger people, due to the formed positive stable attitude towards maintaining health.</p>

УПРАВЛІНСЬКІ РЕФОРМИ ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХІХ СТОЛІТТЯ У НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ВЧЕНИХ

Introduction. Administrative reforms of the first half of the 19th century in the scientific research of Ukrainian scientists are important studies for the development of economic theory on the territory of Ukraine. After all, one of the many possible ways of creating the history of Ukrainian management thought is a thorough study of the theoretical and practical contribution of outstanding scientists and personalities to the business of reforming management. Purpose: to reveal the main trends in the formation of management opinion in Ukraine using the example of the analysis of management reforms and scientific works of Ukrainian scientists. To determine the main trends in the formation of management opinion in Ukraine in the first half of the 19th century. Methods. The following methods were used in the course of this research: information collection, applied research (aimed at obtaining and using the data obtained for practical purposes in the study of the discipline “Economic Theory (micro- and macroeconomics), generalization and comparison, analysis (substantiation of reform projects in the field of economy, finance, legislation, by prominent Ukrainian scientists and statesmen of the nineteenth century). Results. This research article summarizes methodological approaches to management reforms in the research of Ukrainian scientists. They are analyzed from the standpoint of substantiation of reform projects in the field of economics, finance, and legislation by prominent Ukrainian scientists and statesmen: V. N. Karazin (1773-1842), M. H. Bunge (1823-1895), M. A. Baludiansky (1769-1847), T. F. Stepanov (1795-1847), D. P. Zhuravsky (1810-1856), and others. Conclusions. Particular attention is paid to the views of scientists and the role of the state in the economy and reforms. Thus, in the first half of the 19th century, domestic scholars took an active part in the development of management issues. However, as in the world thought, these developments did not form an independent branch of knowledge, which later became known as management. This research summarizes the main provisions of the scientific views of the leading representatives of Ukrainian management thought of the first half of the 19th century.

Studying strategic behaviour of small industrial enterprises in the context of the organizational and industry life cycle concepts

Unlike large corporations whose business patterns have been extensively studied and categorized, there is a lack of research on small business strategies, leaving them largely unexplored. The article explores the strategic behaviour of small industrial enterprises in Russia within the organizational and industry life cycle concept. The research methodology is based on strategic management theory and the concept of the life cycle. The research methods include panel data analysis, the Beta coef f icient calculation, and the matrix method. The information base is the reporting data of 134 small enterprises from industries at different stages of the life cycle: metal casting (growth) and newspaper printing (maturity). Statistics for analysis were obtained from the SPARK Interfax database for the period of 1999–2021. We identified three types of strategic behaviour (‘aggressive’, ‘de fender’, and ‘counterstrategy’) and assessed their prevalence among small enterprises in the two industries under consideration. The results showed that mature small enterprises with an ‘aggressive’ intuitively strategic behaviour are the predominant type of business in a mature industry, while for small enterprises in a growing industry ‘defender’ and ‘counterstrategy’ are the prevalent strategies at all the life cycle stages. This paradox additionally proves the validity of our idea of the intuitively strategic behaviour of small businesses. Our findings contribute to the development of the SME life cycle theory and strategic management, can be used to adjust industry policy and government support measures, and can also be of interest to managers of small enterprises.

Compositional methodology for conducting the research of municipalities’ economic development

At present, the scientific paradigm of municipal economics is being formed, different theories and concepts related to municipal research are being studied and discussed. Therefore, there is a need for a relevant methodology to investigate the economic development of municipalities. Science has established certain approaches to explore the issues of municipal economy, yet the extension of the subject of re gional and municipal economics stimulates the proposal of the new ones. The paper aims to validate a new compositional methodology for conducting the research of municipalities’ economic development. The methodological basis of the study con sists of the theories of regional development, the paradigm of municipal economics, as well as the spatial, evolutionary and systems approaches. The paper relies on a host of general scientific methods including reviewing, comparative analysis, and system atisation. Based on revealing the essence of the term “composition” and presenting the arguments confirming the appropriateness of using it in the regional economics discourse the authors formulate the principles of the compositional methodological approach to the research of municipalities’ economic development, which include the principles of equipoise, dynamism, unity and subordination, integrity, harmony. The compositional methodological approach benefits from the three underlying meth odologies: spatio-temporal, evolutionary, and systems ones, the application of which in the aggregate allows conceptualising the basic propositions for the research of the municipalities’ economic development through the principles of composition. The developed original approach will help create a methodological foundation for inves tigating the municipalities’ economic development in conditions of a new axiological paradigm emerging in society.

Sustainability Strategy in the Development of Msmes by Bank Indonesia in Increasing Economic Growth by Using Green Economic Policy as an Intervening Variable

Objective: The main objective of this study is to assess the impact of Bank Indonesia's MSME Development program on economic growth, with a specific focus on the role of green economic policies as an intervening variable. This research seeks to identify key factors that contribute to the sustainability and growth of MSMEs in Indonesia. Theoretical Framework: This study draws upon theories of sustainable economic development, focusing on the role of green economics in business sustainability. The framework integrates concepts from corporate sustainability, economic growth, and environmental policy, exploring how MSMEs can leverage green practices to boost economic performance. Method: A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative analysis of survey data and statistical tests with qualitative methods such as interviews and case studies. The quantitative analysis examines the direct and indirect effects of the MSME development program, while the qualitative analysis provides deeper insights into the processes and challenges faced by MSMEs in adopting green economic policies. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that MSMEs that implement Bank Indonesia's MSME development program experience significant positive effects on economic growth. These effects are further enhanced when green economic policies are incorporated into MSME practices. Specifically, the research identifies several key factors contributing to growth 1.Corporate Structuring: Positive impact on economic growth through the establishment of stronger business foundations, 2.Capacity Building: Expansion of business capabilities leads to improved performance and sustainability,3. Market Expansion: Broader market access fosters economic resilience and growth, 4.Outboarding: The adoption of outboarding strategies leads to improved international competitiveness, 5.Intervening Role of Green Economic Policies: Green policies significantly enhance the effects of MSME development initiatives, contributing to greater economic stability and growth. Research Implications:. This research highlights the importance of integrating green economic policies in MSME development programs, providing a roadmap for policymakers to design sustainable growth strategies. By focusing on sustainability, MSMEs can not only contribute to economic growth but also support broader environmental and social goals.. Originality/Value: This study is one of the first to explore the intersection of MSME development, economic growth, and green economic policies in the context of Indonesia. It contributes valuable insights into how sustainable practices can be integrated into MSME strategies to foster long-term economic resilience..

A nexus between regional welfare and sustainable development: A conceptual model

The relevance of the research stems from the nature of the approaches to the definition and measurement of regional welfare still debated in the extant research. Particular importance attached to this problem is related to the concept of sustainable development, which centres on promoting prosperity while protecting the planet. The paper aims to form an original theoretical model depicting the mutual influence of sustainable regional development and regional welfare. The fundamental propositions of the concept of sustainable development and welfare economics, as well as regional and spatial development theories constitute the methodological basis of the study. The methods used are comparative analysis, synthesis, and conceptual modelling. The findings confirm that regional welfare acts simultaneously as a target due to having the elements identical to the spheres of sustainable development in its struc ture, and as the key factor in the sustainable regional development due to incorporat ing a set of material and non-material, economic and non-economic goods, which build up the economic, social, environmental, and institutional elements ensuring an incessant process of changes in the regional socio-ecological-economic system impacted by interregional, national and international factors of external environment of a region. The proposed conceptual model advances scientific ideas about the main tenance of sustainable regional development, contributes to the theory of welfare, and creates a basis for devising a method to measure regional welfare.

Developing a Prime Aesthetic Theory: Imprinting of Aesthetic Dress Preferences During Sensitive Developmental Phases

This study advances the Prime Aesthetic Theory for Dress by examining the role of imprinting processes during sensitive developmental phases, particularly emerging adulthood, in shaping Aesthetic Dress Preferences (ADP). Through semi-structured interviews with thirty female participants born before 1992, data were analyzed using constant comparison to explore the relationship between past and present ADP. Findings support the concept of a “Prime Aesthetic,” illustrating how early-life experiences, especially during emerging adulthood, create lasting preferences that persist into adulthood. The study highlights the importance of considering social, psychological, neurological, and physical dimensions in understanding how ADP form and evolve. The proposed Prime Aesthetic model demonstrates the lasting impact of sensitive developmental phases on ADP. This research contributes to theory development in apparel and textile scholarship and offers valuable insights for designers, merchandisers, and marketers, emphasizing the need to understand not only current trends but also the Prime Aesthetic of their target consumers.

Язык, значение и реальность: от деконструкции Жака Деррида до теории речевых актов Джона Сёрла

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the philosophical views of Jacques Derrida and John Searle, whose ideas had a significant impact on philosophy, linguistics and social sciences. The aim of the study is to identify key conceptual differences between Derrida’s deconstructivism and Searle’s theory of speech acts. This paper analyzes the methodological approaches of philosophers, paying special attention to the controversy about intentionality, iterability and the role of context in language. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive consideration of the influence of Derrida’s philosophy on modern humanitarian disciplines and the actualization of Searle’s ideas in the context of postmodern reflection. As a result, the work highlights the importance of the dialogue between the analytical and continental traditions, as well as their influence on the development of modern language theory.

Cybernetics, or the metatechnology of a machine

ABSTRACT In ‘Cybernetics, or the metatechnology of a machine', Max Bense responds to the dramatic developments in communications technology, information theory, and computation in the late 1940s. Published in March 1951, the short essay focuses on the ‘Eniac’ as a cybernetic machine and argues that the invention of such machines proves that technology implements logical principles – a first step in his ontological theory of machines. In eight short sections, Bense offers brief historical insights into the philosophical, mathematical, physical, and cybernetic foundations of the relationship between humans and machines, concluding with a prognosis for a future in which human existence can only fully be understood as technical existence.

Local Community Behavior Model in Participatory-Based Sustainable Tourism Development

Sustainable tourism development is one of the main agendas in many countries, including Indonesia. Tourism based on the principle of sustainability provides economic benefits, maintains environmental sustainability, and promotes local cultural values. One of the key factors for the success of sustainable tourism development is support from local communities. Local communities play an important role because they are subjects and objects in tourism development. The involvement of local communities in this process can increase a sense of ownership, active Participation, and compliance with sustainable tourism practices. However, not all local communities have the same behavior in supporting sustainable tourism development. This study aims to find a model of local community behavior in supporting participatory-based sustainable tourism development. The study identifies local community behavior, such as attitudes, social norms, knowledge, and perceptions of benefits in sustainable tourism development through active Participation. This study uses a quantitative approach with Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires from 100 local community respondents in Ranupani Village, Senduro District, Lumajang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. The results showed that attitudes and perceptions of benefits had a positive and significant effect on active Participation, while social norms and knowledge did not have a significant effect. Furthermore, active Participation was proven to positively and significantly affect sustainable tourism development. Attitudes and perceptions of benefits also indirectly influenced sustainable tourism development through active Participation. These results indicate the importance of building positive attitudes and increasing perceptions of the benefits of sustainable tourism to encourage active community involvement. Conversely, the low influence of social norms and knowledge requires a more effective approach by strengthening social norms and providing relevant education to the community. This study contributes to developing community behavior theory in sustainable tourism development. Further research is suggested to explore other variables, such as policy or technology support, that can influence active community participation.

SME and Asean’s Path to Sustainability: Green Management Practices in the Context of SDG

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between green management practices and the sustainability performance of SMEs in Southeast Asia, specifically focusing on Thailand, Malaysia, and Vietnam. The aim is to understand how these practices impact environmental, economic, and social sustainability (in the context of SDGs). Theoretical Framework: This research is underpinned by theories of sustainable development and green management. Key concepts include the triple bottom line (environmental, economic, and social sustainability) and the resource-based view of the firm, which provides a basis for understanding how internal capabilities influence sustainability outcomes. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a meta-analysis of secondary data. Data collection was carried out through a comprehensive review of existing literature and current trends within the SME sector in the specified regions. The study evaluates sustainability outcomes using practical data analysis techniques. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that Thailand, Malaysia, and Vietnam exhibit varying levels of adherence to green practices, leading to different impacts on sustainability performance. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized within the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications of governmental policies, market demands, and internal organizational characteristics. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied to enhance sustainability practices in SMEs. These implications could encompass policy formulation, market strategies, and organizational development in the SME sector. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the importance of tailoring green management strategies to the socio-economic contexts of each country. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its potential to inform policy interventions and organizational practices aimed at fostering sustainable development in the SME sector across Southeast Asia.

Effect of Language Policy on Relationship between Electronic Media and Kiswahili Growth among University Students in Kenya

Purpose: This paper traces the place of language policy employed by the Kenyan government and media in their strive to realize the growth of Kiswahili among the youth in Kenya, specifically university students studying journalism in Kenyan universities. The fundamental concerns that were on focus here were; Standardization, National and Official Language, Compulsory teaching in schools, Examinable Subject and the way these concerns have been used to improve Swahili language among the youth. Materials and Methods: The study used mixed method design. The tools used to collect data were questionnaire for quantitative data, interview schedule for key informants and interview guide for focus group discussions. These were to help to assess the effect of language policy employed by the government and the media organizations and if they influence the growth of Kiswahili. The study triangulated quantitative and qualitative data to give results shared in this paper. Spearman’s correlations and simple linear regression models were used to estimate the relationship between language policy and Kiswahili growth. ANOVA test was done to test the hypothesis and presented in tables. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically and narratives are provided under each section in verbatim. Findings: Findings revealed that Language policy employed by the government and the media has a direct influence on the growth of Kiswahili among the youth. Respondents agreed that standardization of Kiswahili has put it on the world map and also improved its use amongst students. This suggests that standardization of Kiswahili is deemed as effective in raising interest in Kiswahili. On the other hand elevation of Kiswahili to national and official status has increased the number of users and Kiswahili as a national and official language means increased use by electronic media. This demonstrates that nationalization of Kiswahili language is considered appropriate in stirring student’s interests in Kiswahili. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Language policy and its uptake by the media has to some extend had a role in changing the youths’ attitudes towards Kiswahili language. Evidence indicated that much has been done by both government and the media in form of policies that have played a big role in promoting the language to greater heights. Social learning theory, Behaviorist Theory of Language Development and Cultivation theory informed this study. Evidence from media programmes indicated that much has been done by both television and radio to adhere to the policies put in place by the government that have played a big role in promoting the language. These policies include airing a bigger percentage of Swahili programmes at certain intervals and adhering to the standards of the language used. The study thus revealed that the language policy put in place by the government and taken by the media indeed have significant effect on the growth of Kiswahili among the youth.

Development of Fukado Learning Media on Mathematics Content of Space Building Materials on The Improvement of Student Results Class VI at SD Negeri Sadeng 01 Semarang City

The purpose of this study was to develop Fukado media with Borg and Gall's development theory through 10 stages of development so that the developed media can be used to achieve learning objectives, namely improving student learning outcomes. The research subjects used 6th-grade students at SD Negeri Sadeng 01 Semarang City with 27 students. Augmented reality is one of the media that can help with learning. The development of this media is done by analyzing problems, designing media, media validated by experts, and testing on learning. The effectiveness of this learning media is seen with assessment instruments on validity, effectiveness, and practicality. Media development that has gone through various stages of development is declared successful with a level of validity of media, material, and language of 88%, 95%, and 91% respectively, The effectiveness of the media can be seen from the increase in learning outcomes in mathematics learning with the difference in the average student score reaching 15 from the original 61 to 76 obtained from trials with pretest and posttest.

Towards a general theory of perspective taking

Perspective taking is emphasized by several developmental theorists as a basic aspect of human development, although it hasn’t been properly defined beyond the conventional stages and 3rd person perspective. The aim of this analysis is to present a general theory of perspective taking, introduce six orders of perspective taking and apply them to the psychological, relational and physical aspects of reality. The analysis is formulated from principles of adult development and compared with stage descriptions of social perspective taking according to Selman, children’s understanding of space according to Piaget and Inhelder and stage descriptions from Ego development theory by Cook-Greuter. This theoretical formulation of perspective taking allows for generalization into an understanding of physical reality according to 4th and 5th person perspectives with examples in Einstein’s theory of special and general relativity and quantum mechanics, according to Bohr.

Value Delivery Practices in the Thoughts of Miyazawa Kenji and Jiddu Krishnamurti: A Systematic Review from an Educational Perspective

The value delivery process engages with the collaboration process of trust, thinking, skills, communicating, relationships, and understanding self. As educated individuals, we are in this engagement process and question the current school education and understanding of childhood in children. The globally connected world where we live together in a material world where Happiness, compassion, and empathy are not reflected in the education system and the potential of a child is determined by grades and scores in exams, which is neglecting the part that drives our actions, the search for meaning and purpose of life. The lack of human values with the wave of technology and changing nature around us is alarming. Even in the age of modernization, we need to progress in being human. The basis of human life is childhood and the education that they gain. Unfortunately, the education presented these days lacks moral values. The paper attempts to systematically discuss value-based educational models and practices in India and Japan based on the philosophy of Miyazawa Kenji and Jiddu Krishnamurti. The systematic literature review is done using Google Scholar and Mendeley Reference Management. This study provides the framework of modeling and practices for a value education for policymakers, organizations, researchers, and individuals in the present and future. Therefore, the study of such type is evident from the theoretical clusters and current status of education. The findings of the study discuss the Development of the meaning of Educational Values, the Development of theories from different fields, discuss the development of value education, and the value perspectives of Miyazawa Kenji and Jiddu Krishnamurti. Krishnamuti’s insights on education reflect the right kind of education, which reflects questioning, attention, freedom, fearlessness, without competition, no comparison, and child-centered education, where both teacher and student are learners. Miyazawa Kenji's insights on education reflect resilience, risk-taking, understanding the actual talent, finding passion, love for the subject, finding ways in difficult situations, fearlessness, and helping the child grow while the teacher is the nurturer. Both philosophers focus on the affective domain and cognition; learning without values mechanically assists humans to think like machines when they are much beyond that. Therefore, understanding these value delivery practices is essential. Value delivery practices in these schools will help us understand the teaching-learning experiences and the collaboration of these affective, cognitive, and psychomotor skills. There is much learning in schools, but childhood innocence is missing.

Simulated retail food environments: A literature review of systems science approaches to advance equity in access to healthy diets.

As researchers increasingly utilize systems science simulation modeling (SSSM), little is known about how and by whom SSSMs are being leveraged to address inequities in access to healthy diets. We evaluated the extent to which studies (n = 66) employing SSSM to examine retail food environments (RFEs): included three pillars of equity (social position, human capital, socioeconomic and political context) that shape RFEs and access to healthy diets; grounded model design and development in theory; engaged with diverse stakeholders and lived experiences related to RFEs; and translated model findings towards addressing inequities in RFEs. Most studies (n = 58) included some model characteristics related to social position (e.g., age). Characteristics related to human capital (e.g., meal planning skills) were the least integrated fundamental pillar (n = 15). All studies included some characteristics related to socioeconomic and political context; however, we found little to no incorporation of social contexts (e.g., cultural and societal norms). Regarding model design and development, less than one-third of studies specified theoretical frameworks or engaged with local domain experts and stakeholders. While certain research objectives and, consequently, model types lend themselves better than others to address key pillars that influence RFEs, findings show that models are not fully leveraging SSSMs to analyze the multiple, interacting dimensions - particularly social phenomena - influencing equity in access to healthy diets. Greater attention to engaging stakeholders and the role of human capital and social contexts will likely better equip models to more holistically examine equitable food access, including essential pathways and unintended consequences of programs and policies.

Children's moral self-concept relates to moral judgment, but not to arousal.

We investigated the relationships among the moral self-concept, arousal reactions to third-party moral situations, and moral judgment in 5- to 7-year-old children (N = 59). Children's moral self-concept was assessed using a puppet task. In addition, children were shown audiovisual scenes depicting prosocial, antisocial, and neutral interactions between children. We measured phasic pupil dilation responses to the actions and collected children's judgments of the actions. The results show that children judged antisocial behavior as more negative and prosocial behavior as more positive than neutral behavior. In addition, children showed significantly higher arousal when observing antisocial behavior compared with neutral and prosocial behavior. Moreover, children's moral judgment related to their arousal: the more negative the moral judgment, the higher the arousal, even in prosocial and neutral scenarios. Finally, children's moral self-concept correlated with their explicit judgments, but not with their physiological arousal. These results support developmental theories suggesting a relationship between the moral self and moral judgment.

The Festival City in Event Management Research

This curated collection considers the topic of the Festival City and examines how research on this theme published in the Event Management journal has contributed to extant theory in event management and event studies. Our article examines the evolution of the Festival City concept over the last 25 years. First, we introduce the Festival City in theoretical and practical terms. We then explore related concepts, most notably the Eventful City, which is the most prominent theme in the existing research. Our commentary continues by exploring how the research has conceptualized the Festival City, major themes emerging from the research, and contributions to theory development. We reflect on the limitations of the present research and conclude by suggesting future research directions for the Festival City concept in Event Management.

So, What is Theory?

This essay delves into the essential knowledge required for the development and contribution of theory, focusing on its definition, components, and the different methods for making theoretical contributions. I view theory not as a monumental intellectual achievement, but as a product of the theorizing process, moving away from the idea of a fully developed theory. I highlight four main outcomes of theorizing: concepts, principles, models, and theories, which exist along a continuum. Theoretical contributions involve introducing, refining, expanding, and replacing these outcomes. I also present three approaches—Theory-driven, Phenomena-driven, and Review-driven—as pathways for researchers to make theoretical contributions. The goal of this essay is to make the theorizing process more accessible and manageable for early-career researchers and doctoral students in HRD, offering guidance and support in their theory-building endeavors.

The Bare Supervening Necessities of Theory Development in Sport Management

This address explores how we can find theory in new spaces and apply it to our own, unique sporting contexts. It first examines how urban regime theory can inform research on the governance of intercollegiate athletics, then discusses how and why some theories in sport management emerge and are adopted while others are not. Borrowing from Winston’s model of technological diffusion, supervening necessities are what allow some prototypes to transform into inventions; in the social sphere of sport management, they are the drivers of new concepts that are adopted and employed as theories in the field. However, Winston notes that within the social sphere are brakes that serve to slow their emergence. In turn, theories develop in sport management under similar conflicting pressures. It is these contrary forces that slow the diffusion of new ideas in the sport management field.