Development Of Power Engineering Research Articles

Intelligentization helps the green and energy-saving transformation of power industry-evidence from substation engineering in China

The coordinated development of intelligence and greening is an intrinsic demand for high-quality economic and social development. Intelligentization and greening are the leading directions of sustainable development of the power industry. This paper directs of sustainable development of the power industry. This paper empirically analyzes the effect and mechanism of intelligence on the green environmental friendliness of electric power substations by using a panel fixed-effects model and instrumental variable regression, using substation engineering data from China southern power grid during 2013–2022. It is found that the level of intelligence significantly promotes the green performance of substation projects, and this conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. Intelligence can reduce material waste and pollutant emissions by improving the engineering environmental monitoring capability and the refinement of engineering resource control, thus improving the environmental friendliness of the project. The research in this paper helps to promote the integrated development of intelligent and green power engineering, to better achieve economic and green goals.

Survey of Optimization Techniques in Interconnected Two Area Power system for the Application of AGC

The increasing need for energy has placed optimization at the center of power engineering research and development. Presenting the theoretical underpinnings of optimization from a practical power system perspective, this review article on Electric Power System Applications of Optimization explores state-of-the-art techniques, novel approaches, and ongoing application difficulties. This work addresses several algorithmic issues that arise from the planning and management of power systems using diverse approaches, as well as the analytical formulation of optimization. This article introduces new features related to market programs, pricing, reliability, and developments in intelligent systems with working algorithms and examples. This paper discusses the latest developments in the fields of adaptive feedback design and approximate dynamic programming. In order to describe new concepts and variations of Adaptive Dynamic Programming, this work begins with fundamental theories and theorems from functional optimization, optimum control, and dynamic programming. Because of its innovative integration of basic optimization principles with application, this review article encourages power engineers to make new discoveries in the provision of energy at the optimal rate.

Analysis of the Heat Exchanger Energy Efficiency of Variable Cross Section with an Inhomogeneous Coolant

Abstract One of the main priorities in the modern thermal power engineering development is the problem of energy saving due to the economical use of fuel and energy reserves. Increasing energy consumption with a simultaneous increase in energy prices and widespread environmental degradation necessitates the development and implementation of energy efficient technologies to save fuel, materials and labour costs. The object of study is tubular heat exchangers of variable cross section, which are widely used in steam generators of nuclear power plants, gas turbines and transport plants. Scale deposit properties and the composition of the heat coolant were studied, and their influence on the energy efficiency of heat exchangers was analysed. To study the scale deposits and coolant influence on the energy efficiency of heat exchangers, their properties were examined using an atomic emission analysis with the help of a TESCAN electron microscope. The principles of implementing technologies aimed at intensifying heat transfer, reducing hydraulic and heat losses in heat exchangers were formulated.

Scientific Activity and Contribution of Voldemārs Dāle (1922–2008), Honorary Doctor of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, to the Development of Power Engineering

Honorary Doctor (Dr. h. c.) of the Latvian Academy of Sciences (LAS), long-time leading researcher of the Institute of Physical Energetics, Professor Voldemārs Dāle (1922–2008) devoted his entire working life to science. The most important field of V. Dāle’s research was the use of mathematical methods and computer technology in the dynamic optimization of power engineering development. The main areas of his scientific work include planning and forecasting methods of power system development; research on development problems of the Latvian and Baltic energy systems; methods of mathematical modelling of power systems considering the environmental factors. A monograph on research results in the optimization of electrical network development published in 1964 written by a group of three scientists, including V. Dāle, received the State Prize of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR), which was awarded in 1965.

Formation of the Model of Sustainable Economic Development of Renewable Energy

Abstract The article considers the use of sustainable energy as a potentially effective alternative energy source capable of replacing traditional natural fuels. The aim of the research is to develop a complex model of sustainable economic development able to promote introducing and expanding sustainable power engineering as potential alternative energy source, providing sustainable economic development, energy efficiency and reducing damages to the environment. The hypothesis lies in introduction of a model for sustainable economic development due to expansion of renewable energy which will result in economic growth, rise in energy efficacy and reducing hazards to the environment. A comparative analysis of costs and revenues of various types for using energy sources was carried out to estimate the economic efficiency and feasibility of renewable energy. The data analysis toolkit uses MS Power BI software, in which the data model was created. The conducted regression analysis provided valuable nu-merical and practical results on formation of the model of sustainable economic development of renewable power engineering. The research is based on the analysis of the impact “share of energy” on the level of electric energy import and CO2 emissions. It is recommended to intensify efforts to develop renewable energy as a key direction for sustainable economic development to ensure energy security, reduce negative environmental impact and achieve global sustainable development goals.

CO2 energy vector in the concept of circular energy

The paper analyzes the conversion of the carbon dioxide (CO2) through recovery and storage into an energy production vector by transforming it into methanol (CH3OH) and carbon monoxide (CO). These gaseous components can produce energy by combustion, and the resulting carbon dioxide is reintroduced into the capture and storage circuit. This type of carbon dioxide transformation into an energy vector in a circular energy system will contribute to the elimination or to the significant reduction of its long-term storage in caves or under the sea water. By eliminating storage, the costs will be significantly reduced, as well as the environmental pollution. The paper considers the methanol use in residential heating instead of liquid hydrocarbons, especially for isolated areas or without a natural gas network, and also in the internal combustion engines in transport, agriculture and construction. The first direction of the research included an experimental phase that involved using a 55kW boiler for medium-sized residential heating. The second direction analyzed the transformation of CO2 into CO (fuel gas) through gasification technology. For this transformation, the fixed bed gasification process was considered. The carbon monoxide can be used in a pure state or mixed with methane or other combustible gases, both in power plants and in internal combustion engines. The current significant results in the methanol production field enables CO2 to become an energy vector, instead of a gas with zero potential and expensive to store. Thus, the research can significantly contribute to the development of power engineering as a circular application in the context of circular economy.

Development of Wind Energy in EU Countries as an Alternative Resource to Fossil Fuels in the Years 2016–2022

The aim of this article is to present solutions related to wind energy in EU countries as an alternative to fossil fuels. This article is based on secondary information and statistical data regarding the development of wind power engineering in EU countries for the years 2016–2022. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze of the relations between the development of wind energy in European Union countries and GPD (gross domestic product) per capita and selected factors. The following hypotheses were formulated: H1—There is a statistically significant correlation between GDP per capita and the use of wind energy in European Union countries. H2—There is a relationship between the length of the coastline and the use of wind energy in European Union countries. H3—There is a statistically significant correlation between the attitude to uncertainty of the inhabitants of a given country and the use of wind energy in said country. The presented research results support all these hypotheses. The results of the research regarding H2 are as follows: in the case of northern European countries (Ireland and Finland) and the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the development of wind power engineering in the study period was faster than could be inferred from the length of the coastline in these countries. Regarding hypothesis H1, it was concluded on the basis of the analysis that the involvement of countries in the development of wind power engineering is correlated with their wealth. The novelty of this paper emerges from its innovative approach to analyzing wind power engineering, its incorporation of cultural factors, its quantitative assessment of correlations, and its actionable policy recommendations. These elements collectively contribute to a comprehensive and impactful study that advances our understanding of wind energy adoption in the European Union.

Overview of the Application of Automatic Control Theory in Power Engineering

With the widespread application of power automation technology in power engineering, the development of power automation technology will definitely promote the development of power engineering. In the future, power automation technology will improve the security and stability of power supply, and provide better power supply equipment. Utilizing and promoting the development and advancement in the direction of greatly reducing operating costs, the application of this technology plays a decisive role and significance in promoting the further development of the electric power industry.

АНАЛІТИЧНИЙ ОГЛЯД ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ У ГАЛУЗІ МАЛОЇ ГІДРОЕНЕРГЕТИКИ ТА ГІДРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ РІЧОК УКРАЇНИ

The main directions and analysis of research in the field of hydropower and hydropower potential of Ukrainian rivers are established. A brief review of the classification of small hydropower plants is given. Estimates of hydropower potential of rivers are considered. The ecological aspects of the use of hydropower potential of rivers are highlighted. Tendencies of development of Ukrainian power engineering and, in particular, hydropower are analyzed. The role of "green" tariff for electric energy produced by small hydropower is shown. The role of "Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030" in the field of small hydropower is highlighted. The methodical approaches to environmental impact assessment in the construction of small hydropower plants are characterized. The prospects for using the hydropower potential of Ukrainian rivers and a proposed new technological paradigm for the development of small hydropower in Ukraine was assessed.

Расчет конструктивных параметров мультицилиндрового теплового генератора на основе течения Куэтта–Тэйлора

Direct conversion of wind energy into heat is a relevant direction for the development of alternative heat power engineering. The paper considers an efficient wind heat generator that consists of two rotors nested in each other's annular gaps and forming a system of cylindrical coaxial annular channels filled with a viscous working fluid. Depending on the properties of the working fluid, the velocity of the rotors, the number of annular channels and their geometry, there are combinations of parameters for the optimal design of the heat generator. The proposed method for selecting the design parameters of coaxial rotors makes it possible to directly select the optimal design of rotors for a given power of the heat generator and the properties of a viscous working fluid. The design of the multi-cylinder system of the heat generator, which uses the annular Couette–Taylor flow, is presented in the form of an equivalent single annular gap, which made it possible to generalize the results of investigations carried out with different working fluids under various conditions, in the form of a single dependence of the dimensionless power of the heat generator on the number Reynolds. The obtained dependence is well approximated by a linear function in the experimentally studied range of Reynolds numbers. An algorithm for calculating the geometric design parameters of a multi-cylinder annular system is proposed. As an example, calculations of the structural dimensions of nine variants of heat generators for three power values are given: 10 kW, 20 kW and 50 kW.

Analyzing the activities of power engineering enterprises in Russia and China in the context of sustainable development

Subject. The article considers the nature of power engineering development in Russia and China. Objectives. The focus is on the comparison of innovative activity of power engineering enterprises of these two countries. Methods. We employ methods of comparative analysis. Results. We analyzed the growth rate of intangible assets of enterprises of Russia and China and offered a solution to the problem of investment in scientific and technical developments in Russia. Conclusions. There is a positive trends in the growth of the share of intangible assets in total assets of Russian power engineering enterprises.

NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE BALANCE OF KINETIC ENERGY LOSSES IN THE FLOW PART OF A LOW-CONSUMPTION INFLOW TURBINE

The development of marine power engineering and automation, due to qualitative and quantitative changes by a significant increase in the capacity of modern power plants is considered in the paper. The object of this study is the flow part of a low-consumption inflow turbine, the subject of the study is the loss of kinetic energy in the stage of a low-consumption inflow turbine. The method of investigation is numerical simulation of gas flow using computational gas dynamics; the purpose of the study is to compare the values of kinetic energy loss coefficients in the nozzle diaphragm, impeller and output velocity losses obtained during physical and numerical experiments. The main objective of the study is to compare the values of kinetic energy loss coefficients in the turbine stage obtained during a physical experiment with the results of a numerical experiment. It is noted that low-consumption turbines are characterized by small dimensions, which do not allow to fully carrying out a physical experiment. A balance of losses of a low-consumption inflow turbine is performed in the study. A good convergence of the loss coefficients values obtained by the numerical method with the results of the physical experiment has been established. Conclusions about the possibility of applying numerical modeling for identical types of turbine stages are made.

Industrial markets of the power engineering industry and energy: comparative analysis

The article considers the issue of the development of the industrial market of power engineering. The main problem of power engineering in the Russian Federation is the technological lag behind foreign competitors. It is worth considering the fact that 45 % of the equipment is outdated and requires updating. Therefore, import substitution and R&D development are an important goal for achieving industrial growth of the industry. Today, several state programs are being implemented for the development of power engineering and energy in general. In order to develop power engineering, it is necessary to understand the situation in the industry market. This article discusses the index of industrial production by regions of the Russian Federation. It was revealed that production is developing slowly, in some regions the index is less than 100 %. The analysis of market concentration showed that the industrial market of power engineering is moderately concentrated. This is due to the presence of leading enterprises in the industry market, to which the state provides fnancial support. In this regard, a schematic diagram of the influence of the concentration of the power engineering market on the energy market was constructed. Using the scheme, it is possible to identify possible reserves for improving production, increase the competitiveness of companies in the industry market, as well as evaluate promising areas for the development of regions and the country.

TES-3 – transportable nuclear power plant mounted on self-propelled tracked vehicles

Until the mid-1950s, scientists and engineers at the Obninsk Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE) had worked out a number of unique projects that served as the foundation for the development of domestic and world nuclear power engineering. The list of these projects includes, in particular, TES-3, the first mobile nuclear power plant, which has become a symbol of small-scale nuclear power engineering, a historical achievement of Russian scientists, and part of the heritage of the City of Peaceful Atom. TES-3, a demonstration and experimental plant, being one of the possible nuclear power sources for remote areas, was a mobile power-generating unit consisting of four tracked platforms with a reactor unit equipped with a water-cooled and water-moderated reactor with a 1.5 MW turbogenerator. The “self-propelled uranium-fueled machine” was created in record-breaking time due to the scale and cooperation of the project participants under the scientific guidance of the Laboratory V staff. The plant showed reliability in operation, good controllability, safety and maintainability. Over the entire operating period in the power generation mode, TES-3 worked for about 1300 hours without any radiation accidents. After the completion of the first fuel campaign in 1965, the reactor was shut down, but the idea of mobile low-capacity large-component nuclear power plants was further developed in the form of mobile nuclear power plants of the next generation.

MODES OF THE BOOSTER TRANSFORMER WITHREGULATION IN ZIGZAG

The development of power engineering assumes the increasing flexibility of power networks through the use of various kinds of FACTS, controlled by means of power electronics and being elements of the Smart Grid. These kinds of devices can be attributed to controllers such as UPFS and „Sen” Transformer (ST), which provide regulation of voltage and power flows in networks. Due to the relevance of this topic, technical solutions are proposed that perform similar functions, which implies the need for a comparative analysis of such developments in order to optimize energy characteristics of the equipment. The scope of the paper is to develop and study a regulating transformer which belongs to the „Sen” family, but possessing the extended range and higher control accuracy. Carrying out research, mode parameters of the device were treated, as well as typical power was determined.

Preface: 2021 All-Russian scientific conference with international participation “Thermophysical basis of energy technologies” (TBET 2021)

All-Russian scientific conference with international participation “Thermophysical basis of energy technologies” (TBET 2021) was held at National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia, October 26-28, 2021.Scientific reports of participants were made in three sections covering the following topics:1. Combustion technologies; 2. Technical thermal physics and nuclear energy; 3. Thermal engineering and automation of technological processes and metrology measurement systems; Over 60 attendees took part in the Conference in both online and offline formats. Among them, there were Russian and foreign scientists representing academic and scientific institutions, as well as industrial enterprises.The main tasks of the Conference were to promote the innovative development of thermal and power engineering and higher education in Russia; to strengthen the interaction of university and academic science in the development of innovative technologies in thermal power engineering in Russia and abroad.We thank all section chairs, organizers and participants of All-Russian scientific conference with international participation “Thermophysical basis of energy technologies”.List of Editors are available in this pdf.

Numerical Simulation of Solid and Porous Fins’ Impact on Heat Transfer Performance in a Differentially Heated Chamber

The development of different industrial fields, including mechanical and power engineering and electronics, demands the augmentation of heat transfer in engineering devices. Such enhancement can be achieved by adding extended heat transfer surfaces to the heated walls or heat-generating elements. This investigation is devoted to the numerical analysis of natural convective energy transport in a differentially heated chamber with isothermal vertical walls and a fin system mounted on the heated wall. The developed in-house computational code has been comprehensively validated. The Forchheimer–Brinkman extended Darcy model has been employed for the numerical simulation of transport phenomena in a porous material. The partial differential equations written, employing non-primitive variables, have been worked out by the finite difference technique. Analysis has been performed for solid and porous fins with various fin materials, amounts and heights. It has been revealed that porous fins provide a very good technique for the intensification of energy removal from heated surfaces.

Modeling of solar batteries operating modes

For the solar power engineering development it is essential to determine the photovoltaic plant energy indicators by modeling the solar batteries operating modes. To obtain an adequate solar battery model, we need to determine its main parameters on the basis of an equivalent electric circuit. Modeling the solar battery operating mode, it is necessary to take into account the influence of its heating temperature. We propose a combined research algorithm in MS Excel with the installed add-on “Search for a solution” for modeling of solar battery operating mode. We have given the results of modeling the solar battery operating mode where the calculated solar battery maximum power including its heating, satisfactory matches with the experimental data. The research shows that excluding the solar battery heating, the maximum power value and, accordingly, its efficiency are overestimated in comparison with the experimental data. Moreover, the results of modeling excluding its heating do not provide the required accuracy and the modeling mistakes are more than 30% especially at relatively high values of solar radiation. The given model allows to determine the equivalent circuit parameters and determine the solar battery maximum power depending on the considered factors of its heating temperature and the incoming solar energy.

IMPROVING GRINDING OF GEAR WHEELS APPLIED IN GEARBOXES OF POWER ENGINEERING

Development of modem power engineering follows the line of continuous increase in speed, coefficient of corrosive action and capacity of units. Gears and reducers are responsible parts of modem machinery and occupy an important place in the domestic power engineering construction. Durability and wear resistance of gears, apart from the design factors, also depends on the technological methods of treatment. The final stage of production of such wheels is the operation of gear grinding. In the process of gear grinding in a thin surface ball there are complex thermomechanical processes. As a result of short-time heating to high temperatures, structural transformations, burns, and in some cases even micro- and macro-thicknesses occur in such a surface bail. In addition, there are cases of making tooth wheels with adjacent defects grinding (for example, the appearance of the surface of the ball teeth of large tensioning forces), which reduces the life of the work, and in some cases causes a breakdown of the teeth in operating conditions. Development of effective measures to ensure the quality of the surface of the ball on the operation of grinding baggage in part depends on the possibility of predicting (or calculation) of temperatures and residual loads on the depth of the cemented teeth ball. The method of calculation of internal surplus Toads occurring during grinding of wheels with cemented steels is suggested. On the basis of the performed calculations and experiments the ways to improve the quality of production of working surfaces of gears, which are used in the wits of thermal and nuclear power plants are suggested and grounded.

Морская энергетика на рубеже цифровизации и интеллектуализации системного управления

In the development of the results of the analysis of the directions of development of ship power engineering and automation, promising trends in the development of modern technologies of digitalization and intellectualization of marine equipment are considered. The special role and importance of the methodology and methods of system analysis and research design of complexes and digital technologies of intellectualization of management of complex electric power systems based on monitoring the state and dynamics of their functioning, proactive proactive management of diagnostics and localization of failures, emergencies and accidents is shown. Atypical ways of forced development of new technologies, training of specialists and ensuring competitive superiority of the created ship complexes and systems are given.