Development Of Power Engineering Research Articles

Морская энергетика на рубеже цифровизации и интеллектуализации системного управления

In the development of the results of the analysis of the directions of development of ship power engineering and automation, promising trends in the development of modern technologies of digitalization and intellectualization of marine equipment are considered. The special role and importance of the methodology and methods of system analysis and research design of complexes and digital technologies of intellectualization of management of complex electric power systems based on monitoring the state and dynamics of their functioning, proactive proactive management of diagnostics and localization of failures, emergencies and accidents is shown. Atypical ways of forced development of new technologies, training of specialists and ensuring competitive superiority of the created ship complexes and systems are given.

Морская энергетика на рубеже цифровизации и интеллектуализации системного управления

In the development of the results of the analysis of the directions of development of ship power engineering and automation, promising trends in the development of modern technologies of digitalization and intellectualization of marine equipment are considered. The special role and importance of the methodology and methods of system analysis and research design of complexes and digital technologies of intellectualization of management of complex electric power systems based on monitoring the state and dynamics of their functioning, proactive proactive management of diagnostics and localization of failures, emergencies and accidents is shown. Atypical ways of forced development of new technologies, training of specialists and ensuring competitive superiority of the created ship complexes and systems are given.

The New Investment Cycle: Current Finance Mechanisms of Power Engineering Development

The article provides the analysis of current finance mechanisms of developing power systems in the context of acute necessity to start a new investment cycle. It draws a conclusion that state policy in the field of power engineering cannot foster the development of such mechanisms of its financing as state subsidies on purchase and installation of equipment, contracts on buying electricity and power-service contracts. The analysis of extra opportunities of raising investment showed expediency of developing green mechanisms of financing power engineering in Russia and motivating power companies to conduct IPO. The authors put forward recommendations aimed at attaining the acute objective to develop and implement key initiatives promoting the start of a new investment cycle in order to raise funds for modernizing the existing power projects and opening new ones in accordance with higher ecological requirements. For example, to stimulate the growth of Russian companies' IPO and realize the investment potential of the Russian stock market the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Economic Development study the possibility to introduce new tax preferences for investors and companies entering the market, which could ensure institutional support for investors and issuers.

Экология и энергетика будущего

Object and purpose of research. The object of the research is the influence of the world power industry on the ecology and safety of human and nature. The purpose is to identify ways of energy industry development based on the basic criterion of "harmony with nature". Materials and methods. Analysis of regulatory documents, literature, Internet sources, calculation systematization and classification of statistical data. Main results. A convincing evidence base has been provided for the vector of world power engineering development based on the active replacement of hydrocarbons by nuclear energy. Conclusion. Conclusion. Global warming and the energy crisis are just around the corner, and only nuclear power can solve these problems, providing humanity's increasing energy needs in harmony with nature. The main question today is not related to technology, but to psychology. The task is to systematically form public opinion about the safe operation of nuclear power.

Research on design of the prefabricated foundation in substations

With the development of power engineering, higher requirements are put forward for construction period, project investment and social environment. Traditional wet operation methods restrict the rapid development of power engineering construction. The use of prefabricated foundations in the design of substations can effectively reduce on-site wet operations, reduce construction cycles, save labor costs and increase assembly rates. This article takes the prefabricated foundation design in substation as the research object, combines actual engineering and existing construction technology, explores the technical application of the prefabricated foundation design in substation and provides a reference for the future development direction of prefabricated buildings (structures).

Some Historical Lessons from the Development of Naval Nuclear Power Engineering in the Soviet Union/Russia

Some Historical Lessons from the Development of Naval Nuclear Power Engineering in the Soviet Union/Russia

Prospects for the development of hydrogen power engineering in Tatarstan

PURPOSE. Consider the problems and ways of developing hydrogen energy in Russia and in the Republic of Tatarstan. Analyze the main opportunities for the production, transportation, use of hydrogen at the enterprises of Tatarstan. Calculate the economic efficiency of the production of "green" hydrogen by electrolysis at TPP with CCGT in Tatarstan. METHODS. Based on the analysis of literature data and mathematical calculations. RESULTS. Green hydrogen is a promising solution for a decarbonized energy system, and 2020 saw an explosive focus on its use around the world. Tatarstan, as one of the leading economically developed regions of Russia, could take part in the production of "green" hydrogen, the design of electrochemical equipment for its production, the development of technologies for the use of fuel cells, scientific research and training of highly qualified specialists in the field of hydrogen energy. According to the calculations, the production of the most environmentally friendly hydrogen at TPPs with CCGT in Tatarstan will currently cost an average of 2 euros per kilogram, which is significantly lower than the existing market value. CONCLUSION. Tatarstan can become a competitive region for the production and distribution of "green" hydrogen. The main areas of activity should be the production of pure hydrogen, the industrial production of freight transport on fuel cells, the production of megawatt-class electrolysers, the utilization of hydrogen-containing petroleum gases at TPPs in gas turbines or combined cycles with fuel cells.

Влияние хронического ионизирующего излучения на вариабельность митотической активности тканей Pinus sylvestris L.

The development of nuclear power engineering will increase in the future, due to the continued likelihood of radionuclides entering the environment. The relevance of studying the genetic material of conifers as a reliable bioindicator was revealed. It is known that under the influence of ionizing radiation there is an accumulation of genetic abnormalities in pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) progeny. The stages of gametogenesis, zygotes and young seedlings of plant organisms are most sensitive to ionizing radiation. It is important to determine the variability of the mitotic index (MI) of tissues of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) progeny in areas with different levels of ionizing radiation, including in the exclusion zone. The exposure dose rate was measured at the soil level and 1 m from the ground surface. Germination of seeds was carried out in a thermostat on wet filter paper. Roots of seedlings 0.5–1 cm long were fixed in a mixture of 96 % ethanol and glacial acetic acid. Root staining was carried out in a solution of acetocarmine. Tissue softening was carried out with a strong chloral hydrate solution. The total number of dividing cells, as well as pathological mitoses (PM) were counted on squash preparations using a microscope. The mitotic index and the duration of the phases of mitosis were determined. An increase in the level of radioactive contamination increases the cell division rate in prophase, anaphase, and telophase, but decreases the duration of metaphase, and also changes the relative duration of mitosis phases. With an increase in the exposure dose rate, the number of pathological mitoses naturally increases. The spectrum of mitosis disorders is represented by various abnormalities of the chromosome apparatus in anaphase: exit and lagging of chromosomes, bridges. Herewith, the number of anaphases with bridges increases significantly with simultaneous exit and lagging of chromosomes.

Research on the Construction Schedule and Cost Optimization of Grid Structure based on BIM and Genetic Algorithm

With the rapid development of power engineering in China, grid structure engineering has become one of the most important infrastructure projects in the electric power industry. At the same time, the grid structure has a variety of difficulties, such as complex modeling, many members and so on, which makes the grid engineering in the construction management process particularly complex. However, there are many problems in the traditional grid construction management, such as low production efficiency, more surplus materials, more collision of installation components, which not only increases the construction management cost, but also increases the cost. BIM is the most important construction project management tool, which can directly manage the construction by building BIM model. Through BIM software, the construction unit can realize the three-dimensional visualization and process controllability of on-site construction. Through intelligent member construction, the construction unit can solve the construction management problems of complex grid structure engineering. In the construction process, the project will encounter rush events, which will encounter construction schedule and cost optimization problems. Through the genetic algorithm, this paper constructs the construction schedule and cost optimization model, which will better realize the cost optimization.

Витрати палива технологій теплової енергетики в маневрених режимах

A characteristic feature of the present day development of power engineering lies in the increase in the unevenness of power systems schedules. The structure of generating powers of Ukrainian energy engineering is overloaded with basic powers and characterized by a sharp deficit of maneuvering wanes. To cover the uneven load of the power system during the operation of existing and construction of new power plants, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of their operation under maneuvering modes. This paper determines the influence of work of power plants i under maneuvering modes on the specific consumption of conditional fuel on the released electric energy at working on gas or coal fuel. Fuel consumption for starting of a unit depends on its type and downtime in reserve. The use of steam–and–gas facilities and gas turbines helps to enhance the maneuverability of power plants. Alternative options for the development of thermal energy are the introduction of gas–piston power plants and power units with fluidized–bed boilers. We present formulas for the calculations of fuel consumption on by power units for start–ups and specific consumptions depending on the load and degree of their involvement to regulating loads for different thermal energy technologies: steam–turbine condensation and district heating power units; steam–and–gas and gas turbine plants; gas piston installations; power units with fluidized bed boilers. For enhancing the maneuverability of power plants, working on fossil fuels, their modernization and renewal of software are necessary. Quantitative assessment of the efficiency of power units and separate power plants during their operation under variable modes is important for forecasting the structure of generating capacities of power systems, the need to introduce peak and semi–peak capacities, the choice of the most profitable composition of operating equipment at different schedules of electrical loads Keywords: thermal power, power unit, maneuverable mode, electrical load, specific fuel consumption

Distinctions and issues of choosing the discount rate for power engineering development forecasts

Subject. The article examines how the discount rate chosen influences the reasonableness of power engineering development forecasts. Economic-mathematical models of optimization serve as the main methodological tool for long-term forecasting on power engineering. Development scenarios are chosen and compared by the lowest amount of discounted cash flows for supplying fuel and energy as much as needed. Such models do not provide for generally accepted methods for substantiating values of the discount rate. Objectives. We identify distinctions in cost discounting, and results throughout phases of power engineering forecasting. We also evaluate how the discount rate chosen influences the outcome of forecasts. Methods. The study is based on the systems analysis of foreign and national practices and original methodological tools that concurrently optimizes the development of power engineering systems and uses the Monte-Carlo method. Results. The article substantiates that optimization models shall employ different approaches to discounting at different hierarchical levels of forecast studies into the fuel and energy complex development. Illustrating the optimization of the development of regional power supply systems, we demonstrate that the discount rate considerably influences the way capacities of power plants are put into operation, and other analyzable indicators. Conclusions and Relevance. Used to forecast the development of power engineering development, the discount rate depends on a future scenario in question. It is set with reference to the forecasted aspect, objectives and methods of forecast studies, the way they accommodate for the evolution of power markets. The more unlikely the future, the higher the risk component of the discount.

Systemic issues of the power plants APCS development technology and performance paradigm

Current development of power engineering in Russia is characterized by deployment of power units with distributed multifunctional automatic process control systems (APCS) based on software and hardware systems (I&C) complex with hierarchical network structure. I&C is the backbone of this structure and APCS creates common information and technological environment of the power unit. Key issues of the multifunctional APCS are associated with lack of the technical efficiency of the I&C, usage of unproven control algorithms and immaturity of the system development technology. Overcoming the identified key issues in the development of the technology of creating I&C and APCS as a whole is associated with the formation of special functionality developed by I&C, their capabilities to use mathematical models of control objects and processes in real time (RT), assessing the information properties of controlled and uncontrolled parameters and generated signals. Performance paradigm (price/quality) of the APCS which answers on these questions can be received only after putting system in the operation and caring additional work on the assessment and optimization of information-functional and technical structures of APCS. The report discusses some new results in solving the indicated issues as part of improving the technology of modern APCS and prospects for their development as the main scientific direction of the Department of Automatic control Systems of ISPU.

Многокритериальный анализ эффективности сценариев развития ядерной энергетики России в условиях неопределённости знаний о будущем

Многокритериальный анализ эффективности сценариев развития ядерной энергетики России в условиях неопределённости знаний о будущем

Modern International Legal Problems of Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection

This article deals with some modern international legal problems of nuclear safety and radiation protection in the process of peaceful atomic activity. Special attention is paid to legal mechanisms of safe development of atomic power engineering in the conditions imminent energy crises. The scope of the study included as well as following questions: non-proliferation, prevent switching to peaceful nuclear activity for military purposes; prospect of development the Nuclear doctrine of Russian Federation; evaluating the feasibility of implementation into the practice of international relations State politics of Russian Federation in the field of nuclear deterrence, approved by the decree of the President of Russian Federation of June 2, 2020. The subject of research were legal problems standing in the way legal settlement international relations in conditions of globalization.

Preface

The 2020 4th International Workshop on Renewable Energy and Development (IWRED 2020) was held in Sanya, China at April 24-26, 2020. In order to comply with the control and prevention of the pandemic COVID-19, IWRED 2020 was adjusted to be held with combining online conference with offline conference to avoid crowd gathering and physical contact.This collection contains the fully refereed papers presented at the conference. The idea of the conference was for the scientists, engineers and students from the Universities all around the world and the industry to present ongoing research activities, and hence to foster research relations between the Universities and the industry. This conference provided opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences face to face, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration. The topic of this collection is related to energy engineering and power engineering, ecological environment and sustainable development, environmental protection and environmental engineering, civil engineering and construction engineering, urban development and urban planning.All the contributors are from Russia, China and more. All manuscripts published in the proceeding have been peer reviewed by the reviewers drawn from the scientific committee, external reviewers and editorial board depending on the subject matter of the paper. Reviewing and initial selection were undertaken electronically. After the rigorous peer-review process, the submitted papers were selected on the basis of originality, significance, and clarity for the purpose of the conference.We would like to thank the program chairs, reviewers and the members of the program committee for their work. We are grateful to all those who have contributed to the success of IWRED2020. We hope that all participants and other interested readers benefit scientifically from the proceedings.The Organizing Committee of IWRED2020List of Organizing Committees are available in this pdf.

Тhe study of electronic generation effect on statical aperiodic stability of electrical power system

One of the key aspects in the development of power engineering all over the world is the use of distributed small-scale generation. This is both based on fuel carbon resources with a synchronized connection between sources when they are connected to the electric power grids and renewable energy sources operated in the electrical grid via frequency converters (electronic generation). The latter brings an inevitable broad use of inverters in available AC power systems. The objectives of this paper are numerous. First is the desire to study the effect of electronic generation on modes and stability of current electrical grids and electrical power systems. Another objective is to establish requirements for electronic generation control that lets us minimize actions on relay protection coordination and automation upon the integration of electronic generation in power grids. A final objective is to increase the reliability of general electrical modes. This article shows the outcomes of the study on the statical aperiodic stability of the electrical power system upon the integration of electronic generation, requirements for its statical characteristics, and the control when operated within the electrical power system.

Investigation of Operational Efficiency using Stochastic Models for Electric propulsion in Ships

In various models of vehicle drive trains, issues such as improving electric propulsion reliability, environmental performance, and economic efficiency has been enabled by the recent developments in electric power engineering in terms of materials, equipment and technologies. The increasing requirements in ecological parameters, efficiency for fault tolerance and reliability, accurate selection of design features and type of electric propulsion drive as well as the limitations on the traction equipment weight and installation space are the important parameters for execution of the system approach. The automobile electric propulsion systems consisting of one or more traction motors and few generating elements and their operational efficiency are analysed by means of stochastic models. Aircrafts, hybrid cars, diesel-electric locomotives, arctic cargo ships and icebreakers are ideal platforms for implementation of the propulsion system. The load modes of traction electric motors, operational fuel consumption, energy output of thermal engines and several other probabilistic characters of operational processes and random factors that influence the simulation result accuracy cannot be evaluated using the deterministic approach.

Challenges in Regulatory, Experimental, and Theoretical Computational Maintenance of Safety in Hydrogen Power Engineering

The formation and development of hydrogen power engineering (HPE) as a technologically efficient and competitive part of the future with a carbon-free or low-carbon economic paradigm makes it necessary to overcome many obstacles related not only to the maturity, availability, and economic efficiency of technologies but also to a sufficient, socially acceptable level of safety in HPE. Even if most technological and economic issues are resolved, the pace of adopting scientific and engineering developments in HPE on an industrial and commercial scale may be inhibited by the level of comprehensive (analytical, theoretical and computational, experimental) scientific and engineering support for safety in HPE facilities, networks, and systems throughout their entire life cycle (from design to decommissioning) and the completeness and sufficiency of the regulatory framework for both, new reactor centers with related new technologies and infrastructural HPE safety systems. Three classes of correlated challenges in the theoretical computational, experimental, and regulatory support safety in HPE are formulated and described in brief. Their timely resolution is critical to the successful transition to the carbon-free technological paradigm.

Assessment of Strength and Useful Life of Hydraulic Units with Partial Replacement of Equipment

Modernization and comprehensive reconstruction of hydraulic units that have exhausted their design service life are among the most important directions in the development of hydraulic power engineering over the next 10 – 20 years. Assessment of the remaining service life of the hydraulic unit as a whole and of individual assemblies that do not have to be replaced is of importance for arriving at a management decision on the need to replace elements and create a list of individual assemblies that do not have to be replaced. The existing industry regulatory base does not define the issues related to prediction of changes in technical state and individual assessment of the remaining service life of a hydraulic unit that has exhausted a lengthy service life under the conditions of actual operation in a hydroelectric power plant. This prevents us from standardizing the process of evaluating the strength and life of equipment following modernization of a unit of equipment or partial replacement of its assemblies and elements.

ЎЗБЕКИСТОНДА ҚАЙТА ТИКЛАНУВЧИ ЭНЕРГИЯ МАНБАЛАРИ: ЗАМОНАВИЙ ВА ИСТИҚБОЛЛИ ЭНЕРГЕТИКА

The article discusses scientific elaborations on renewable energy sources made by national and international economists. The study evaluates the potential of renewable sources available in Uzbekistan from economic viewpoint and analyses the main objectives of the power supply policy of the republic. It also reviews economic aspects of the use of renewable energy sources in Uzbekistan and defines their development trends. A forecast of electricity production in the country has been made based on econometric analysis with an account of GDP factors, gas and coal production. Economic mechanisms for the development of national renewable power engineering have been designed. Findings and recommendations for wider use of renewable sources of energy are presented.