Land Use Development Research Articles

New methods for quantifying the effects of catchment spatial patterns on aquatic responses

ContextPrevious studies developed distance-weighted regression to describe how land use effects on aquatic systems attenuate with arrangement of source areas within catchments.ObjectivesWe clarify and extend the conceptual foundations of this approach, enhance the spatial and statistical methods, and provide new tools to interpret the results.MethodsWe derive the framework from first principles to resolve conceptual issues with how weighting is applied to source area versus total area, and we formalize the requirements for an ideal weighting function. We quantify the spatial distributions of land areas in a way that integrates with model fitting. We adapt non-linear optimization to simultaneously fit regression and weighting parameters. We quantify the spatial distribution of source effects with arrangement and document how different weighting functions alter that distribution.ResultsTo verify their utility, we applied these methods to a published analysis relating polychlorinated biphenyls in fish to developed land use in catchments. We identified a stronger distance-weighted model and more completely characterized the effects of weighting on where aquatic impacts originate.ConclusionsOur methods enable more comprehensive analyses of the effects of spatial arrangement to better inform a wide range of scientific investigations and applications. Our methods can relate almost any spatially distributed source or driver to an integrated response at a point or along a boundary; and alternate hypotheses about the effects of pattern or proximity on processes can be tested with alternative weighting functions. New applications will generate additional weighting functions that enhance the general approach.

An integrated modeling approach for coupled risk management of regional Blue- and Greenwater under changing land-use patterns

land use change had a considerable impact on the regional water cycle throughout the past century, leading to an influence on water security. Bluewater (BW) and Greenwater (GW) concepts have found broad application in evaluating the water accessibility of both socioeconomic and ecological systems. However, regarding the interactions between BW and GW systems and their coupled risk under land use change, there has been limited research in this area. This study aims to address this gap by developing an integrated Hydrology and Water Security Modeling Framework (HWSMF) that combines a hydrological model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), a copula-coupled risk model, and a water security assessment model to assess the impact of land use change on regional water security. As an example, the methodology was utilized in the East River basin (ERB) located in China’s Pearl River Delta. Results showed that the sensitivity of GW to forest land change was significant. In general, land use change had a notable impact on the GW coefficient at a rate of more than 4% of change and in certain areas, it was over 8%. Due to land use change the freshwater availability per individual in each city of this basin decreased. When the probability of coupled risk is defined, the BW required is greater than the GW required in this basin. Land use change can lead to fluctuations in the coupled risk of the regional Bluewater- Greenwater nexus system (BGN), which implies that appropriate land use management could be promising for regional water system risk mitigation. The results of this study will be valuable for policymakers and managers of watersheds in their endeavors to manage water resources sustainably amidst evolving land use patterns.

New form of land management as the basis for building precision farming systems

In this article, the authors propose new form of land management - the streaming methodology as the basis for building precise farming systems. Land management has always been an important state part and developed as the state needed it. The state determined the land policy for the development of land use in the country, organized the planning, rational use and protection of land resources as the basis of life and activity of people. In different periods, it has gone through different stages of development - from the simplest operations of measuring and dividing land areas to complex surveying systems used for organizing the rational use and protection of land. Unfortunately, nowadays land management as a system has ceased to exist in Russia. Therefore, the authors propose a solution to this problem - to restore the land management system at the state level. They also propose, within the framework of state programs, to carry out cartographic work using a stream methodology for planning and forecasting the use of land resources, in particular - arable lands as the main means of production.

Long-term exposure to air pollution and anti-mullerian hormone rate of decline: a population-based cohort study in Tehran, Iran.

Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) concentration is a marker of ovarian reserve that decreases with age. However, a decrease in AMH may occur more rapidly under the influence of environmental factors. The present study investigated the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with serum concentrations of AMH and the AMH rate of decline. This study included 806 women with median age of 43years (interquartile range: 38-48) participating in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) that were followed from 2005 to 2017. The AMH concentration and the demographic, anthropometric, and personal health parameters of the study participants were obtained from the TLGS cohort database. Air pollutant data were collected from the monitoring stations and the individual exposures were estimated by previously developed land use regression (LUR) models. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate linear relationships between the air pollutant exposures and serum concentration of AMH and with the AMH declination rate. The results show no statistically significant associations between exposures to any of the air pollutants (including PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO, NO2, NOX, and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene (BTEX), and total BTEX) with serum concentration of AMH. Compared to the first tertile, no statistically significant associations were observed between the second or third tertiles of air pollutants, with the AMH rate of decline. In this study, we did not find significant association between air pollution and AMH in middle age women in Tehran, Iran. Future work may study such associations in younger women.

Total suspended solids loading of stormwater from different land use areas in an urban watershed

Purpose. Land use within a watershed affects surface water quality by creating a process by which diffuse pollutants such as suspended solids, trace metals, and nutrients enter rivers and streams. The purpose of this study is to assess pollution-load for Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and some trace metals in runoff samples collected during storm events in selected sub-catchment locations representing different land use areas in an urban watershed; and to determine the effects of land-use on the content of pollutants in stormwater using Event Mean Concentration (EMC).
 Results. There were high EMC and Site Mean Concentrations (SMC) of TSS in stormwater in the six land-use zones examined, with values ranging from 154.0 mg L−1 to 1464.0 mg L−1; and 216.5 mg L−1 to 1153.4 mg L−1 for EMC and SMC respectively. The total content of suspended solids was significantly high, above the acceptable threshold of 100.0 mg L−1 stipulated by the WHO. The researchers also found a statistically significant variation in TSS loading of stormwater from the commercial land-use areas compared with the other land-use zones. A strong correlation was also observed between the volume of stormwater discharged and the TSS load. However, the concentrations of trace metals in stormwater were low across the land use zones. The commercial districts of the studied cities were found to be major sources of suspended solids in stormwater, and pollution of the urban watersheds leading to the deterioration of the rivers.
 Scientific novelty. This study attempted to qauntify TSS load in stormwater and determine the contributions of the diffferent urban land-use areas to pollution yield.. It contributes to scientific efforts to directly quantify surface water pollution from nonpoint sources, since little attention has been paid to diffuse pollution, especially in sub-Saharan Africa; and provides baseline data for assessing urban stormwater in low-income countries.
 Practical value. This study offers guidelines for city authorities to develop land use policies to control surface water pollution and urban waste. The findings may also serve as emperical basis for greater advocacy by civil society organizations for the proper management and control of urban rivers and streams for public health benefits.

Kooperative Siedlungsflächenentwicklung in Stadtregionen: Das Fallbeispiel Leipzig

City-regional discourses around organisational forms offer little evidence to analyse and guide cooperative processes in a context-specific way. Design criteria can contribute to overcoming this deficit. This paper operationalises a proposed set of design criteria by drawing on the discourses on collaborative governance and land management. Subsequently, these design criteria are used to analyse an ongoing process for the development of a housing development concept in the Leipzig city region and to reflect on the criteria. This contributes to the question of how collaborative governance of land-use development in city regions should be designed. Important points of reference for the design of cooperations are the conscious selection of the actors to be involved and the development of mutual trust between them, joint definition of rules of the game for cooperation, determination of the nature of the emerging institution, orientation of the joint work towards the future and the development of a common understanding of the situation to be improved.

Deep learning ancient map segmentation to assess historical landscape changes

ABSTRACT Ancient geographical maps are our window into the past for understanding the spatial dynamics of last centuries. This paper proposes a novel approach to address this problem using deep learning. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are today the state-of-the-art methods in handling a variety of problems in the fields of image processing. The Cassini map, created in the eighteenth century, is used to illustrate our methodology. This approach enables us to extract the surfaces of classes of lands in the Cassini map: forests, heaths, arboricultural, and hydrological. The evolution of land use between the end of the eighteenth century andtoday was quantified by comparison with Corine Land Cover (CLC) database. For the Rhone watershed, the results show that forests, arboriculture, and heaths are more extensive on the CLC map, in contrast to the hydrological network. These unprecedented results are new findings that reveal the major anthropo-climatic changes.

Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Prediction of Carbon Storage in Areas Rich in Ancient Remains: A Case Study of the Zhouyuan Region, China

In the past few decades, human activities have caused the emission of large amounts of carbon dioxide, which has severely impacted the Earth’s ecosystem and human health. Therefore, carbon reduction has become the focus of global attention. In this study, the Zhouyuan region of China, which is rich in ancient remains, is taken as an example. Based on the land use characteristics in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, the spatial-temporal evolution of land use and carbon storage in the Zhouyuan region is simulated using four methods, including land use classification, land use transfer maps, patch-level land-use simulation (PLUS), and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs (InVEST) models under three scenarios, including the natural development scenario, urban development priority, and heritage conservation priority in 2030. According to the results, the carbon storage in the area in 2030 under all three scenario simulations has decreased compared with 2020, indicating that the region faces great challenges in achieving its targets of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. The paper points out four causes for the decrease in carbon storage, and five suggestions for increasing carbon storage are proposed, such as developing a carbon storage master plan, applying energy-saving technologies, establishing an ecological substitution mechanism, and so on. Through the study of carbon storage in the Zhouyuan region, this paper hopes to establish a mechanism to balance urban development, heritage conservation, and carbon sinks on the one hand, and encourage more scholars to participate in the study of carbon sinks in areas rich in ancient remains, so as to to jointly promote their healthy development on the other.

Spatiotemporal Distributions of Multiple Land Use Functions and Their Coupling Coordination Degree in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China

In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of land system changes and regional sustainable development, it is crucial to explore the spatiotemporal distributions of multiple land use functions (LUFs). Therefore, herein, considering the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA) as the research object, we constructed an evaluation system based on the perspective of production–living–ecological (PLE) land functions. Furthermore, the coupling coordination model, kernel density curve, trend surface analysis, and spatial autocorrelation model were used to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of LUFs and their coupling coordination and analyze the spatial clustering of the coupling coordination effect in the urban agglomeration from 2005 to 2020. The following results were obtained: The level of PLE functions and its coupling coordination degree in the YRDUA have been improved in the study period, and the distribution of high value areas of different functions is diverse. In terms of the spatial distribution of the coupling coordination degree, the high value areas of production function (PF)–living function (LF) is distributed in “clusters”, the PF–ecological function (EF) demonstrated a single-polarized development structure, and the LF-EF exhibited a multi-core structure. The coupling coordination of the LUFs demonstrated a “high in the east and low in the west” pattern in the east–west direction and an inverted “U” shape in the north–south direction. Moreover, both high-value and low-value areas exhibited a clustering phenomenon, with an evident spatial positive correlation. The results of this study can serve as a reference for the integrated socioeconomic development of the Yangtze River Delta region and the sustainable development of urban land use.

Sustaining insect biodiversity in agricultural systems to ensure future food security

An additional threat to sustainable food production, besides climate change, is declining biodiversity, especially in insects. To mitigate this threat, we need to determine the drivers of biodiversity decline. Insect biodiversity decline can be mainly attributed to the intensification of agriculture with the main drivers being habitat loss and use of agro-chemicals. We must view changes to more sustainable practices in agricultural management critically to determine whether these changes will sustain insect biodiversity. The first consideration for farmers is to make a profit and the priority in choosing a certain farming practice will be based on agronomic and economic gains. Damage to crops by insects, pathogens and weeds has always been a major limitation to crop yield and the management of pests, pathogens and weeds is therefore an important consideration. To reach the goal of sustaining biodiversity farmers will have to find a tradeoff between economic gain and protecting biodiversity. They will have to decide how much land they can spare for natural areas and still make a profit. Farmers will also need incentives to consider this. We will have to concentrate more on the restoration of habitats in agricultural lands and find interventions to limit the expansion of land use for agricultural development. This will enable us to reach the goal of the half-earth theory,proposed by Prof E.O. Wilson, where half of the land is conserved to safeguard biodiversity,

Assessing the suitability of three purple soils for aquaculture by physiological responses in freshwater bivalves (Hyriopsis cumingii)

Small-scale pond aquaculture is one of the fast-growing land use options in fragmented mountainous regions of southwest China. This study measured the quality of three purple soils from Kaizhou (S1), Bishan (S2), and Tongnan (S3) in the Sichuan Basin and assessed their potentials as aquaculture substrates through overlying water trials. The effects of the substrates on the immunity, metabolism, and thermal resistance of Hyriopsis cumingii were also investigated. Soil properties analysis showed that the three soils varied in pH, total organic matter, macro-nutrient, and micro-nutrient contents. The maximum total potassium and available potassium favorable for phytoplankton growth were observed in S3. The physicochemical parameters of the substrates in the overlying water trials concurred with the soil properties. Furthermore, soil enzymes may be used as indices of soil fishability. However, S1 and S2 soils were prone to leach noxious ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2−-N) in water columns. On the other hand, S3 soil maintained the dynamic balance of the antioxidant system in H. cumingii, activated the relative expression of their immune-related and metabolism-related genes, and improved their resistance to thermal stress. Principal component analysis suggested that NH4+-N and NO2−-N in the soil were key environmental factors that destroyed the antioxidant system and impeded the metabolic process of H. cumingii. Based on the findings, the soils were ranked in terms of their suitability for aquaculture as follows: S3 > S1 > S2. Our study will provide a scientific foundation for building inland aquaculture ponds and developing land use policies in China and around the world.

Excess chloride and impervious surfaces reduce over-winter quality of stream algal assemblages

Winter road salt use leads to the salinization of freshwater habitats. Freshwater organisms experience negative effects due to increased chloride ions, including algae in periphyton biofilms. This study examines the effects of road salt on algal assemblage composition, lipid production, and enzyme activity. Five streams throughout Erie County, New York, US were sampled monthly from October 2018 to March 2019. Chloride concentrations in all streams averaged 203.6 Cl- mg/L throughout the winter and had a highly significant relationship (rs = 0.82) with developed land use. Algal biodiversity scores decreased with elevated salinity (rs = 0.11). Algae exhibited the greatest total lipids in January (2.92 mg/m2) and the lowest in March (1.03 mg/m2). Similar trends were observed with ω3 and ω6 compounds. Overall desaturase Δ6 activity trended with stream Cl- concentrations, mainly along ω6 pathways, suggesting an inflammatory stress response. Algal assemblages exhibited evidence of chronic salt exposure through impaired taxonomic composition and patterns of lipid production that followed trends in stream water salinity. These effects suggest road salt applications have negative effects on stream primary producers with consequences for higher trophic levels.

Built environment interventions for emission mitigation: A machine learning analysis of travel-related CO2 in a developing city

The transport sector accounts for more than one-fifth of global CO2 emissions. Reducing fossil fuel consumption and travel-related CO2 emissions (TCE) is a major approach to mitigating global climate change. Urban planners worldwide propose to promote low-carbon travel by changing the built environment. Therefore, understanding the relationships between built environment variables and TCE is key to the development of land use and transportation policies. Using 2019 regional household travel data from Zhongshan, a polycentric urban area in China, this study developed a gradient boosting decision trees model to estimate the relative importance of built environment variables in predicting TCE and their nonlinear associations with TCE. Built environment variables collectively contribute nearly half of the predictive power to predicting TCE, suggesting the potential of built environment interventions. Among them, location accessibility to city-level and township-level centers and population density are the top-three important features in predicting TCE. Furthermore, most built environment variables show threshold relationships with TCE. The results suggest that polycentric development, intensification of town centers, and densification of street networks are conducive to TCE mitigation. These findings inform planners of effective ranges of built environment variables to promote low-carbon travel.

Assessment of fluctuations in wetland ecosystem areas resulting from anthropogenic activities in the Dong Rui commune, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam

Wetlands are one of the most important ecosystems as habitats for many animal and plant species and are crucial for disaster mitigation, improving environmental quality, storing carbon, and responding to climate change. However, these sensitive ecosystems have been heavily affected by anthropogenic activities, including aquaculture. In this study, we used multitemporal satellite imagery integrated with a verified field survey method to map the coverage of the wetland ecosystem in the Dong Rui commune, Tien Yen district, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam, five times for four periods from 1975 to 2022, with high accuracy (overall accuracy = 92.3%, Kappa = 0.91). The results showed that from 1975 to 2000, the area of mangrove forests declined sharply (by nearly 2,000 ha), mainly due to policies of development and conversion of land use. From 2000 to 2022, the mangrove forest area was gradually restored, while the area under aquaculture shrank. Anthropogenic impacts, especially the effects of local economic development, and conservation and developmental policies, are the main causes of continuous change in each short period. Our study demonstrates satellite imagery as an effective tool for assessing wetland ecosystem area fluctuations and assessing the extent of human impacts on this natural ecosystem. Our findings can serve as a basis for planning, conservation strategies, and sustainable development of wetland ecosystems and for improving the associated livelihoods of the communities.

A broken heart and fear of the bulldozer: Organized abandonment and living with abandon in Hawai‘i

Hawai‘i faces a crisis of homelessness due to the high cost of housing across the islands. Many without formal housing establish interdependent communities unsanctioned by property regimes and refer to themselves as “houseless” because intimate relations with place and expansive practices of care provide an adequate home. Attending to the experiences of Hawai‘i’s houseless, I unpack the meanings and practices of organized abandonment while proposing that some face structural neglect by “living with abandon.” I argue that the rupturing of life-giving relations entwined with particular places serve as a foundation of organized abandonment. Devolution, state retrenchment, the intensification of land use for revenue-oriented development, and a punitive carceral state layer upon this foundational rupture to propel the continual abandonment of shared resources. This enables the ongoing circulation of capital through the environment. In response, people live with abandon by rejecting, or holding an ambivalent relationship with, aspirations to thrive within capitalism. Living with abandon is a form of creative improvisation that cultivates connections in the face of broken relations, yet remains defined by uncertainty and heartbreak. It both invokes the fullness of time and space and mourns the losses that have produced the tenuous present.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EDUCATIONAL COMPONENTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PhD PROGRAM IN THE SPECIALTY OF GEODESY AND LAND SURVEYING

It has been proven that the development and implementation of educational programs that shape the educational space and the possibilities of ensuring territorial development at various levels are of particular importance for training a qualified specialist. In this context, the characterization of the educational components of the implementation of PhD programs in geodesy and land management is a relevant and timely issue. The implementation of the PhD educational program is aimed at training a highly qualified, competitive specialist in the field of geodesy and land management by deepening and improving theoretical knowledge and practical skills, professional skills in the field of architecture and construction in the field of geodesy and land management, improving language and philosophical competences, forming the ability to conduct research and creation of modern systems of geospatial support and land use for the development of cities and regions. As a result of the study, the educational components of the implementation of the PhD program in geodesy and land management were characterized. Within the framework of the educational and scientific program, it is proposed to additionally characterize the components of the territorial development of land use in the regions. In particular, geospatial components are defined, where cartographic support, directions and possibilities of application of geoinformation systems and technologies are characterized, territorial, functional, socio-economic factors are distinguished. Urban planning, investment and ecological factors of territorial development of land use in the region are characterized. The educational components of the implementation of the PhD program in geodesy and land management are characterized. Competences are defined, which allows for the formation of a systematic approach to the training of specialists. It should be noted that the implementation of the educational program is formed through a range of issues related to the training of highly qualified specialists who are able to formulate and solve complex scientific and practical tasks in the field of geodesy and land management and implement the results of scientific research. Features of the application of the program include the possibility of taking into account the directions and features of territorial development and the efficiency of land use at the regional level. Mastering the presented program allows you to form an educational environment that takes into account the possibilities of using modern geodetic and geospatial tools, the provisions of the theoretical and methodological platform, and is aimed at ensuring the territorial development of the region and increasing the efficiency of land use. Keywords: educational components, PhD, educational programs, geodesy and land management, territorial development of the region, land use, geodetic and geospatial support.

Spatial Dynamics Evolution of Land use for the Study of the Local Traditional Living Changes

Land use data can be used to understand patterns of economic behavior, such as the relationship between land use and property values or the impact of land use on environmental factors like air and water quality. The combination of land use data with other data sources and analysis methods can yield significant insights into economic growth and behavior. In this study, the land use and land cover (LULC) were classified using multi-temporal Sentinel-2 imagery (2019 and 2021) and random forest through the Google Earth Engine platform (GGE) with an overall accuracy of more than 89.79%. According to the results of the change detection analysis, there was a 16.96% increase in miscellaneous surface areas and a 15.50% increase in artificial surface areas. These disclose confirm that the sea salt farm, which are the traditional economic function, are losing 37.40%. Furthermore, the CA-Markov model was utilized to predict alterations in land use patterns in the year 2023 through the extrapolation of existing trends. The predicted LULC map of 2023 publicizes the trend of the sea salt farm decreasing, contrasty the artificial surface areas are increasing. In summary, this research reveals the evidence that LULC is strongly related to traditional living changes, and spatial analysis techniques are reasonable and committing tools for study.

Background Sound Levels in Rural Areas of the U.S.

ANSI S12.9 Part 3 Annex C provides a compilation of the average daytime, nighttime, and day-night sound levels in six land use categories, ranging from Category 1 - "very noisy urban residential" to Category 6 - "very quiet suburban and rural residential." However, the data in table C.1 of the standard, which provides typical day, night, and day-night sound levels by land use category, is based primarily on more urbanized areas, and provides caution in using the data for the less densely developed land use Categories 5 and 6. In this paper we supplement this Annex by providing a collection of ambient sound level data at over 150 rural locations primarily in the northeastern and midwestern U.S. As the ambient sound level is not a single metric, the results include the range of sound levels in various metrics, including the A-weighted L10, L50, L90, and Leq, for the daytime and nighttime, and DNL. Unweighted octave and 1/3 octave band ranges and averages are also presented for each metric. Where possible, we also compare these results at individual locations to the predictions made by national noise mapping programs.

The applicability of previously developed land use planning activities during the implementation of the Arctic hectare program

The purpose of the article is to investigate whether it is possible in modern conditions to use the previously performed land use planning activities in the northern regions of the country – in particular, during the implementation of the state program "Arctic Hectare", which is designed to include unused land plots in economic turnover. It is concluded that such development is in demand, but the disorganization of the land management service reduces the possibility of achieving an optimal balance of interests of northern land users and maximizing the potential of these territories.

Analysis of the spatio-temporal evolution of sustainable land use in China under the carbon emission trading scheme: A measurement idea based on the DID model.

Sustainable development is the theme of world economic development in the 21st century. As a key part of sustainable development, sustainable land use (SLU) encompasses economic development and environmentally friendly and social progress. In recent decades, China has formulated many environmental regulatory policies to achieve sustainable development and "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality (double-carbon)" goals, among which the carbon emission trading scheme (CETS) is the most representative and provides valuable research. In this paper, we aimed to reflect the spatio-temporal evolution of SLU in China under the influence of environmental regulatory policies through an indicator measurement strategy based on the DID estimation method. The study conclusions are as follows: (1) The CETS can effectively improve SLU from the perspectives of economic development and environmentally friendly progress, and the impact has primarily been in the pilot areas. And, its effectiveness is closely linked to local locational factors. (2) With respect to the dimension of economic development, the CETS has not changed the provincial distribution patterns of SLU; rather, it continues to remain "high to low, east to west". However, regarding the environmentally friendly progress dimension, the CETS has significantly changed the provincial distribution patterns of SLU, which are characterized by spatial agglomeration with urban agglomerations such as the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) as the core. (3) The screening results of the SLU indicators based on economic development showed that the CETS primarily improved the innovation capacities of pilot regions, and the impacts on economic levels were relatively small. Similarly, the screening results of the SLU indicators based on environmentally friendly progress showed that the CETS had primarily acted on reducing pollution emission intensity and strengthening greening construction, revealing only short-term effects on improving energy use efficiency. Based on the above, this paper explored the meaning and role of the CETS in more detail, with a view to providing insight into the implementation and formulation of environmental regulation policies.