Aspects Of Development Research Articles

Association of perinatal factors with suspected developmental delay in urban children aged 1–36 months - a large-scale cross-sectional study in China

BackgroundStudies on perinatal risk factors and the developmental delay of children have been inconclusive and few studies have assessed the association between infants and toddlers’ body mass index (BMI) and developmental outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of children aged 1—36 months who had a routine physical examination in the child health departments of hospitals from March 2018 to November 2021 in 16 provinces, 4 autonomous regions and 2 municipalities directly under the central government by using the Infant Toddler Growth Development Screening Test (ITGDST). Normal children were defined as those with scores ≥ mean – 2 standard deviations (SD), while children with developmental delay were those with scores < mean—2SD in terms of overall development, gross motor, fine motor and language development. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of gross motor, fine motor, language and overall neurodevelopment.ResultsAfter removing some provinces with a small sample size and children with incomplete data, 178,235 children with 12 complete variables were included in the final analysis. The rate of overall developmental delay was 4.5%, while 12.5% of children had at least one developmental delay aspect. Boys, parity, advanced maternal age, multiple birth, cesarean section, neonatal injury, family heredity history, microcephaly, abnormal BMI at birth and at physical examination after controlling the confounding of other factors had a significant effect on development delay (overall neurodevelopment, gross motor, fine motor or language development). Per capita gross domestic product was a protective factor for the children’s neuropsychological development.ConclusionsThis study reveals significant associations of perinatal factors and BMI with developmental delay in the Chinese children aged 1–36 months, which may be crucial for early intervention.

Pioneering models of pediatric brain tumors

Among children and adolescents in the United States (0 to 19 years old), brain and other central nervous system tumors are the second most common types of cancers, surpassed in incidence only by leukemias. Despite significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment modalities, brain cancer remains the leading cause of death in the pediatric population. There is an obvious unfulfilled need to streamline the therapeutic strategies and improve survival for these patients. For that purpose, preclinical models play a pivotal role. Numerous models are currently used in pediatric brain tumor research, including genetically engineered mouse models, patient-derived xenografts and cell lines, and newer models that utilize novel technologies such as genome engineering and organoids. Furthermore, extensive studies by the Children's Brain Tumor Network (CBTN) researchers and others have revealed multiomic landscapes of variable pediatric brain tumors. Combined with such integrative data, these novel technologies have enabled numerous applicable models. Genome engineering, including CRISPR/Cas9, expanded the flexibility of modeling. Models generated through genome engineering enabled studying particular genetic alterations in clean isogenic backgrounds, facilitating the dissection of functional mechanisms of those mutations in tumor biology. Organoids have been applied to study tumor-to-tumor-microenvironment interactions and to address developmental aspects of tumorigenesis, which is essential in some pediatric brain tumors. Other modalities, such as humanized mouse models, could potentially be applied to pediatric brain tumors. In addition to current valuable models, such novel models are anticipated to expedite functional tumor biology study and establish effective therapeutics for pediatric brain tumors.

The “d” in the Peterson Proactive Developmental Attention (PPDA) model: a lens for understanding and supporting underachievers

ABSTRACT The Peterson Proactive Developmental Attention model (PPDA) offers a framework for understanding and addressing social and emotional concerns of high-ability students. This manuscript focuses on the developmental component, with emphasis on academic underachievement, with explanations and guidance for applying the developmental aspect of the PPDA model in school programs for bright students, in counseling, and at home. This article explores how an emphasis on the development of underachievers, in contrast with underachievement, can engage them and the adults who are invested in them in mutual learning about life in the present – for the sake of both present and future wellbeing.

Morphological study of the postnatal hippocampal development in the TRPV1 knockout mice

ABSTRACT Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel with polymodal sensory function. TRPV1 links to fever, while, according to previous studies on TRPV1 knock-out (KO) mice, the role of the channel in the generation of febrile seizure is debated. In the hippocampal formation, functional TRPV1 channels are expressed by Cajal-Retzius cells, which have a role in guidance of migrating neurons during development. Despite the developmental aspects of febrile seizure as well as of Cajal-Retzius cells, no information is available about the hippocampal development in TRPV1 KO mouse. Therefore, in the present work postnatal development of the hippocampal formation was studied in TRPV1 KO mice. Several morphological characteristics including neuronal positioning and maturation, synaptogenesis and myelination were examined with light microscopy following immunohistochemical detection of protein markers of various neurons, synapses, and myelination. Regarding the cytoarchitectonics, neuronal migration, morphological, and neurochemical maturation, no substantial difference could be detected between TRPV1 KO and wild-type control mice. Our data indicate that synapse formation and myelination occur similarly in TRPV1 KO and in control animals. We have found slightly, but not significantly larger numbers of persisting Cajal-Retzius cells in the KO mice than in controls. Our result strengthens previous suggestion concerning the role of TRPV1 channel in the postnatal apoptotic cell death of Cajal-Retzius cells. However, the fact that the hippocampus of KO mice lacks major developmental abnormalities supports the use of TRPV1 KO in various animal models of diseases and pathological conditions.

A STUDY ON ARRIVALS AND PRICES OF MAJOR AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AT LARGEST APMC IN VIDARBHA REGION

The present Research Article, "A Study on Arrivals and Prices of Major Agricultural Commodities at Largest APMC in Vidarbha Region" therefore, is a small attempt in reviewing the performance of the Regulated market by Analysing the trends in Arrivals and Prices and Marketing Channel of Major Commodities at the micro-level. This study, thus by way of evaluates the performance of market regulation through various dimensions. Chhatrapati Shivaji Market Yard, Hinganghat is on the forefront in business activities and on developmental aspects. The Hinganghat APMC has been ideally outlined on an area of 10.03 ha. The market provides all essential amenities to farmers and trader’s viz., auction platform, shopcum-godown, weighbridge, city bus service terminus. The market has spacious auction platforms, sale halls, parking space. It has built commercial shops. The Hinganghat APMC has 2 sub-markets with all amenities. The APMC is famous for Cotton and Soybean marketing. The main sources of income were market and license fees and the expenditure items were salary and miscellaneous. Market committee follows sale of produce by open auction method only which is prescribed in the Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act, 1963. The declining trend was observed in number of market functionaries over the study period. It is noticed that although trend of arrivals of some commodities viz., Cotton, Soybean and Gram was increasing but the prices of all the selected commodities showed the significant increasing trend during the period of 10 years i.e., 2012-13 to 2021-22. Further, it is observed that prices were more dependable upon lagged year prices in case of all commodities.

Empirical test of the moderating role of proactive personality and mediating role of developmental idiosyncratic deals on managing job content plateau

ooks at the likelihood that workers going through a job content plateau would decide to make developmental idiosyncratic bargains to affect their careers. People can handle the adverse effects of job content plateau and boost their career commitment through developmental idiosyncratic deals as an employee’s psychological contract for learning new skills. This study evaluated the moderating effect of a proactive personality, which is a component of positive psychology because individuals with proactive personalities are more likely to choose developmental idiosyncratic deals. Study design. Byusing survey at three points of times, information was gathered from 421 executives working in various industries throughout India. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the hypotheses in this case. Findings. According to the study’s findings, developmental idiosyncratic deals serve as a mediating factor that can trigger the link between job content plateau and career commitment via proactive personality. In this study, career commitment, proactive personality, developmental idiosyncratic deals, and job content plateau merged into a single model by using empirical data fromIndian executives. Implications for practice. Offer some recommendations for increasing employee’scareer commitment and avoiding job content plateau by facilitating developmental ideals. Research limitations. Indian employees made up the sample of respondents. Additionally, the majority of the mare in the middle of their career. These particular characteristics limit how widely other trail samples and countries will adopt these findings. Value of the results. Overall, the model provides a strategy basedon applied psychology’s developmental aspect and proactive personality to deal with the adverse effects of job content plateau.

Mapping the Lethal Autonomous Weapons Debate: An Introduction

AbstractThe UN Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) can, on the one hand, be considered vital for the global governance process—in the sense of urging international cooperation on the ethical, developmental, and standards aspects of lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS). On the other hand, the CCW may also embody a global trend that does not augur well for international solidarity, namely the lack of credible and comprehensive collaboration to advance global objectives of peace and security. In 2022, a majority of the 125 nations that belong to the CCW requested limits on a specific type of lethal autonomous weapons: “killer robots.” Yet, most of the major global powers—namely the United States, Russia, and China—opposed not only a ban on LAWS but also on any restrictions on the development of these weapons, not least because the United States, Russia, and China are actively developing this weapons technology. While there is currently much focus on the technological evolution of LAWS, less has been written about how ethical values can exert influence on a growing global consciousness around factors such as power, technology, human judgment, accountability, autonomy, dehumanization, and the use of force. This introduction lays the groundwork for dealing with these issues. It does so by showing that all these factors warrant a pluralist approach to the global governance of LAWS, based on multiple grounds, including the military, tech, law, and distinctive theoretical-ethical orientations; the rationale being to combine this expertise into a collection for publication. Reflecting the contributing authors’ firsthand experiences of the ethics surrounding the management of LAWS to address decisive and critical questions at an expert level, it provides a framing for the collection, showing that the use of international legal mechanisms like the CCW are crucial to considering both the potential and the limits of LAWS, as well as what it can contribute to areas such as international law, human rights, and national security.

Taxes as a source of public monetary income in the Republic of Kosovo

The issue of public revenues, ie social revenues has a mutual relationship with the existence of public and social bodies and their functiontog. The state as a class organization which tends to matotato the mode of production that benefits it deftoitely has to dispose of a sufficient amount of money which would ensure an economic, political and legal stability. Even Voltaire to one case emphasizes "The essence of governance lies to money" as an expression of tosufficient resources to any society. Today it is impossible to imagtoe the functiontog of a national economy without the public sector, which accounts for at least 1/3 of the economic activity of any national economy. Modern economies are rightly considered mixed as public ftoances tocreastogly toterfere to the social, stabiliztog and developmental aspects of national economies. Tax systems, volume and structure of public revenues to modern states are not only fiscal components, but tocreastogly toclude the social, developmental and stabiliztog dimension of national economies. Taxes, customs, duties, contributions and various gifts are the mato sources with which the state coffers are filled. Through that box, all the empty potots that are presented to the company are filled to, potots that represent the public expenses. The Republic of Kosovo as a state which is to the process of establishtog its routes or foundations. The Republic of Kosovo as the youngest state to the world is to the phase of constitution and consolidation of its development. As such it has a number of challenges and problems. One of them is the consolidation and creation of stable macroeconomic policies, tocludtog monetary policy. Exactly this will be the topic of research and issues that&nbsp; will deal with durtog this paper. It is impossible for it to function as a state without a sound revenue system. Kosovo matoly receives revenues from certato sources, and among them, the most important source is taxes. Taxes, among others, not only to the Republic of Kosovo, but also beyond. The structure of this paper is divided toto several mato parts. As a start, an attempt will be made to give a perspective on taxes as the mato sources of public revenue and its impact on different economic systems to different countries. Then an overview will be given on the composition and content of the tax system of the Republic of Kosovo and its comparison with the tax systems of the surroundtog countries.

Maksiller Büyüme Yönü ile Sinonazal Bölgenin Anatomik Varyasyonları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi Vaka-Kontrol Araştırması Maksiller Büyüme Yönü ve Sinonazal Varyasyonlar

Objective: This study investigated the frequency of anatomic variations in the sinonasal region with septal deviation and the relationship of these anatomic variations with the developmental direction of the maxilla in cone-beam computed tomography images. Material and Methods: Forty-eight patients who underwent orthognathic surgery were included in this study. These patients were divided into 3 groups: normal maxilla (n=16), prognathic maxilla (n=16), and retrognathic maxilla (n=16) by determining the position of the maxillae in relation to the skull base on lateral cephalometric radiographs. The anatomic variations of the sinonasal region and the presence of maxillary sinus ostium (MSO) obstruction were studied in all groups. The relationship between the anatomical variations and the different developmental aspects of the maxilla was analyzed. Results: The most common anatomical changes in all patients were: hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate (68.8%), deviation of the nasal septum (66.7%), and concha bullosa (62.5%). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups with different skeletal deformities based on the position of the maxilla in relation to the skull base (p>0.05). While there was a statistically significant difference between gender distribution and hypertrophy of the middle concha (p=0.016), no statistically significant difference was found between other anatomical variations and gender distribution (p>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, in this study, we investigated the relationship between the anatomical variations of the sinonasal region and the direction of maxillary growth. There was no significant relationship between the above anatomical variations and MSO obstruction between the groups.

1945년〜1980년대 한국 유도의 재도약기와 전성기의 역사적 가치

The purpose of this study is to examine the developmental aspects of Korean judo from 1945 to 1980, and to present the historical value, implications, and identity of the heyday of Korean judo in the 1970s and 1980s, which contributed to the enhancement of national prestige by overwhelmingly winning Japanese judo at the Olympics, Asian Games, and various international judo championships. The purpose of this study is to suggest the historical implications of Korean judo in the heyday of the game. On September 15, 1945, after the liberation of Korea, the Korean Judo Federation was formed at the YMCA Hall at the erection meeting for the formation of the Judo Central Organization.,In the late 1970s and 1984, based on the LA Olympic Games, in 1985 World Judo Championships and 1986 Asian Games, Korean Judo dominated Japan, the suzerain of Judo, with a gold medal of 6-2. At the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, Judo ranked first overall, with two gold and one gold and three gold. This has contributed to the enhancement of national prestige by providing a pivotal role for the leaders and players of Korean Judo as a massive dimension for national interest. In conclusion, after the liberation in 1945, the Olympic Games and Asian Games through the development of Korean judo in the 1980s overwhelmed Japanese judo and left a great footprint.,Furthermore, the systematic training based on the skills, physical strength, muscular strength, mental strength, and strategic tactics of Korean judo became the driving force.

Analysis of Madrasa Education in Pakistan through the Lens of Media

This paper explores the media's depiction of Madrasa education in Pakistan. Madras education is confronted with significant challenges in the modern world as it grapples with the persistent issues of radicalism and terrorism. This paper explores the challenges that Pakistan has faced since the 9/11 incident, including economic, religious, social, and political crises. These challenges have created a complex situation for the citizens of Pakistan. In the modern arena, Madaras are often associated with the production of Taliban, terrorism, and radicalism. This paper adopts a qualitative approach, with the researcher utilizing the library method for data collection. The data has been gathered from a wide range of secondary and scholarly sources, such as books, articles, journals, and websites. The data was presented thoughtfully using thematic analysis. It reveals that Pakistan has experienced a continuous state of adversity and challenges since the 9/11 incident. These difficulties have had a detrimental impact on its socio-economic, cultural, religious, political, and developmental aspects.

АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ БАГАТОФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХШКІЛ-ІНТЕРНАТІВ У КОНТЕКСТІ СТРАТЕГІЇ ДЕІНСТИТУАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article examines the problems of designing multifunctional boarding schools in the context of the de-institutionalization strategy, which involves a significant reduction in their number and a significant reorganization of space. The need for a significant revision of approaches to the design of alternative care facilities for children and their possible options is considered. A range of problems related to the design of multifunctional boarding schools in the context of the deinstitutionalization strategy is outlined, including the need for a significant change in the regulatory framework, and the creation of project concepts for a community-oriented institution of alternative care for children deprived of parental care. Two fundamental theoretical-practical directions, arising from the strategy of deinstitutionalization, are defined – inclusive and exclusive. Inclusive refers to a set of analytical and design measures aimed at placing care space within the framework of existing urban planning structures. Exclusive means a set of analytical and design measures related to the design of separate, relatively isolated structures, which will therefore require additional adaptation measures to the requirements of the deinstitutionalization strategy. As part of the exclusive direction, three aspects of the spatial organization are highlighted: communicational, personal, and developing. Communicative means project activity aimed at improving interaction within the children’s team, forming the values of trust, empathy, and solidarity. The personal aspect involves theoretical and practical efforts aimed at ensuring a sufficient amount of attention is given to a particular pupil and promoting the formation of his/her integral individuality. The developmental aspect largely depends on the previous two, has a more traditional character, and is aimed at the development of cognitive, educational, and competence skills.

Longitudinal exploration of students' identity formation during the transition from pre-clinical to clinical training using research poetry.

Transitions are critical periods that can lead to growth and, or, distress. Transitions are a sociocultural process, yet most approaches to transitions in practice and research do not explore the social or developmental aspects of entering a new training phase. Wenger reminds us that identity development is crucial when newcomers navigate change. In this paper, we use Wenger's modes of identification: engagement, imagination and alignment to explore students' identity development (as a student and professional) during the transition from pre-clinical to clinical training. We enrolled nine 2nd-year medical students who generated 61 entries comprising audio diary (or typed) reflections over 9 months (starting 3 months before clinical clerkships began) and interviewed them twice. We used research poems (transcripts reframed as poetry) to help construct a meaningful, emotive elicitation of our longitudinal data and analysed data using sensitising concepts from Wenger's modes of identification. Students described their transition as a journey filled with positive and negative emotions and uncertainty about their current and future careers. Students navigated the transition using three mechanisms: (1) becoming more engaged through taking charge, (2) shaping their image of self through engagement and finding role models and (3) learning to flexibly adapt to clerkship norms by managing expectations and adopting a journey mindset. We successfully narrated students' identity formation during their transition to clinical training. We learned that students became more engaged over time by learning to take charge. They shaped their image of self by engaging in team activities and reflecting on role models. They learnt to adapt flexibly to clerkship norms by managing expectations and adopting a journey mindset. We suggest that institutions provide a safe opportunity for medical students to reflect, allowing students' transition periods to be lived, reflected on and supported.

Teaching Viscosity to Students with Special Needs in Vocational High Schools from Daily Products: From Literature Review on Concept, Misconception, to Teaching and Learning Process

Students with special needs are students who have barriers in their developmental and academic aspects. They need a learning media that meets their needs. This study aimed to demonstrate the strategies in teaching using the experimental demonstration to students with special needs and to identify misconceptions during the teaching and learning process. To support our teaching strategies, an experimental demonstration (recorded by video as the learning media) was used. This study used an experimental method (single subject research) with A-B (Pre-test and Post-test) research design for students with special needs (i.e., intellectual disabilities and hearing impairment), and the results of teaching students with special needs were compared to that of teaching general vocational high school students. The experimental activity was done to get the viscosity level of eight substances (i.e., syrup, cooking oil, hand soap, liquid detergent, floor cleaner liquid, condensed milk, and mineral water). Condensed milk has the highest viscosity, and mineral water is the lowest. The result of this study showed that a combination of experimental demonstration and video is effective for improving the understanding of students with special needs, confirmed by the increasing pre and post-test results and supported by interviews. In addition, the identification data of the misconception test showed a decrease in misconceptions after carrying out the learning process using video. The use of interesting media with simple explanations made it easier for students with special needs to understand the material being taught.

Historical developments, rise and developmental aspects of sociology in Indian context

Historical developments, rise and developmental aspects of sociology in Indian context

Children’s Well-Being

In the last decade, there was substantial growth in children’s well-being investigations, which made considerable progress in understanding the correlates, antecedents, and consequences of children’s well-being. In order to gain more insight into the current state-of-the-art in the field of children’s well-being, this paper aims to present an integrated overview of the recent scientific progress in this area of research. First, we elaborate on the main theoretical conceptualizations of children’s well-being, including hedonic and eudemonic approaches. Second, we explore the challenges of assessing children’s well-being, with a focus on different measurement approaches as well as the developmental aspects of assessing children’s well-being. Finally, we present patterns of findings on the associations between children’s well-being and basic demographic variables, as well as conclusions and implications for future research.

Teacher-Preparation Programs and Trauma-Informed Teaching Practices: Getting Students to CHILL

If the recent turbulent times have shown educators anything, it is that we need to be prepared to address our own and our students’ social and emotional needs. However, moments of tension are not the time to start. Rather, students need to be prepared to engage in meaningful ways with skills and competencies. To achieve this state of readiness, teachers can use self-regulation strategies such as the one I call “CHILL.” CHILL is an easy-to-implement five-step process designed to reduce tension in moments of crisis and create the conditions whereby students are prepared to reengage with instruction, both with the teacher and with the class. C is for Calm down, H is for Hear yourself breathe, I is for Investigate your condition, L is for Let yourself know what you need, and the second L is for Let others know what you need. Based on the unique developmental aspects of the adolescent brains, CHILL is designed to support both pre- and in-service teachers as they seek to negotiate tense classroom situations and build skills in self-regulation and resiliency. Importantly, CHILL is a strategy for de-escalation that supports students and teachers in the face of student behavioral challenges.

Cannabis sativa Cannabinoids as Functional Ingredients in Snack Foods-Historical and Developmental Aspects.

The published health benefits of Cannabis sativa has caught the attention of health-conscious consumers and the food industry. Historically, seeds have long been utilized as a food source and currently there is an increasing number of edibles on the market that contain cannabis. Cannabinoids include the psychoactive constituent, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and the non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) that are both compounds of interest in Cannabis sativa. This paper looks at the distribution of nutrients and phytocannabinoids in low-THC Cannabis sativa, the historical uses of hemp, cannabis edibles, and the possible side-effects and concerns related to cannabis edibles. Several authors have pointed out that even though the use of cannabis edibles is considered safe, it is important to mention their possible side-effects and any concerns related to its consumption that negatively influence consumer acceptance of cannabis edibles. Such risks include unintentional overdose by adults and accidental ingestion by children and adolescents resulting in serious adverse effects. Therefore, cannabis edibles should be specifically packaged and labelled to differentiate them from known similar non-cannabis edibles so that, together with tamperproof packaging, these measures reduce the appeal of these products to children.

Using CRL3BPM E3 ligase substrate recognition sites as tools to impact plant development and stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Cullin-based RING E3 ligases that use BTB/POZ-MATH (BPM) proteins as substrate receptors have been established over the last decade as critical regulators in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. As such they affect general aspects of shoot and root development, flowering time, embryo development, and different abiotic stress responses, such as heat, drought and salt stress. To generate tools that can help to understand the role of CRL3BPM E3 ligases in plants, we developed a novel system using two conserved protein-binding motifs from BPM substrates to transiently block CRL3BPM activity. The work investigates in vitro and in planta this novel approach, and shows that it can affect stress tolerance in plants as well as developmental aspects. It thereby can serve as a new tool for studying this E3 ligase in plants.

Dependent Personality and Interpersonal Dependency: At the Intersection of Developmental, Identity and Interpersonal Aspects

The author examines dependency as a pathological personality feature—one that originates in failures of developmental need fulfilment—and shows how the subsequent identity impairment may influence adult relationships. The author argues that, developmentally, the caregiver's unresolved pathological dependency causes a disruption in the child's need gratification as the child's focus is turned towards the caregiver's pathological needs. Internal object relations become characterized by a dependent internal object and need‐fulfilling self‐representation, which are supported developmentally by the disavowal of authentic dependency needs. In adult life, the individual's identity and self‐esteem, through projections, become dependent on interpersonal relationships, which are used to control internal cohesion at the expense of authentic attachment and intimacy. Pathological dependency is thus intrapsychic rather than merely interpersonal. The author also explores the concept of excessive independence, that is, through identification with independence as an ego ideal, considered a defensive attempt to disidentify from an underlying pathological dependency.