Development Research Approach Research Articles

Augmented reality based android application for introduction of pneumatic hydraulic components

This study focuses on the utilization of augmented reality (AR) to enable comprehensive visualization of objects. Its primary objective is to develop and evaluate an AR application as a medium for introducing pneumatic hydraulic components. The research method employs a development research approach, following the assessment, design, development, implementation, and evaluation steps proposed by Lee and Owens. The feasibility of the product is determined through various assessments, including black box testing, validation by media experts, validation by content experts, and evaluation of initial user response. The outcome of this study is application software incorporating AR technology for the purpose of introducing pneumatic hydraulic components, along with a corresponding workbook. Whereas the application is compatible with the Android operating system and utilizes QR codes as markers for augmented reality objects, which are conveniently included within the workbook. Performance testing reveals that all application functions perform exceptionally well according to black box testing. Furthermore, the content expert feasibility assessment yields results categorized as “Good,” while both the media expert feasibility and initial user response tests indicate “Very Good” outcomes.

Feasibility Evaluation and Development of Educational Laboratories: Contribution to Institutional Development

This study aims to optimize the use of educational laboratories as a means of institutional development at the Faculty of Education, Surabaya State University. Using a development research approach with the ADDIE model, this research involved analyzing the needs of the institution, students, lecturers, and curriculum that must be met by the education laboratory. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentation studies, then analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the laboratory products developed. The results showed that the education laboratory at Faculty of Education has adequate facilities and infrastructure conditions, and the products developed are considered very feasible in supporting learning objectives. Attractive and interactive product design increases student engagement, while the use of appropriate language in the product strengthens the effectiveness of material communication. Overall, the optimization of educational laboratories is proven to not only support the achievement of learning objectives, but also strengthen the institution's reputation in providing relevant and quality education. Continuous evaluation is recommended to ensure the educational laboratory remains adaptive to evolving needs.

Development of Research-Based Science Literacy Learning at State Madrasah Aliyah in Banda Aceh City

The development of research-based learning modules is crucial for enhancing students' scientific literacy, particularly in the context of Islamic educational institutions. This study addresses the need for a validated and practical science literacy module for Physics instruction at State Madrasah Aliyah (Islamic high schools) in Banda Aceh City. This research employed a development research approach using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) to design and validate the learning module. The module underwent a three-stage validation process, including the initial module validity test, a second validation focusing on the content material, and a third test assessing the module’s practicality in classroom use. The findings indicate that the module passed through all three stages of testing with positive results. The module validity, content validity, and practicality were all rated as highly valid by respective validators, including module development experts, content specialists, and practicality assessors. The results suggest that the research-based science literacy module is not only valid in terms of content and structure but also practical for use in Physics instruction. The feedback from validators demonstrates that the module is effective and suitable for teaching purposes. The developed module is highly valid and practical for Physics instruction at State Madrasah Aliyah in Banda Aceh. It is feasible for implementation by Physics teachers to enhance students' scientific literacy in line with the research objectives.

Development and Usability Testing of a Virtual Reality Game for Learning Computational Thinking

Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative technology that immerses users within its environment, holding significant potential across various sectors, including education. Developing a VR-based application in the form of a game for educational purposes necessitates a usability evaluation. This study aims to develop and evaluate the usability of a VR game, CT Saber, designed explicitly for learning computational thinking (CT). The name CT Saber is inspired by the popular VR game Beat Saber, with 'CT' denoting computational thinking to emphasize the educational focus of the game. The research employed a Design and Development Research (DDR) approach, encompassing four stages: analysis & definition, design, development, and evaluation. To assess the usability of CT Saber, pilot testing was carried out involving 36 participants (24 male, 12 female) of computer science students aged between 19-22 years. The USE Questionnaire framework was used to evaluate usability, consisting of four variables: usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and satisfaction. The evaluation revealed that CT Saber is categorized as 'acceptable' from dichotomous and conventional academic grading perspectives. Similarly, a multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that the independent variables (usefulness, ease of use, and ease of learning) together significantly (p < 0.01) influence the dependent variable (satisfaction). However, only usefulness significantly influences satisfaction. Responses to open-ended questions in the questionnaire also indicated predominantly positive feedback from most participants. Consequently, it can be concluded that the CT Saber VR game developed in this study successfully meets the established criteria for usability.

The The Design of an Interprofessional Health Record Form for Diabetes Mellitus Care at Primary Health Care Facility: A Recommendation

This research focuses on the pillars of primary care transformation by increasing primary services' capacity and capability, especially Diabetes Mellitus (DM) care. The study aims to produce a recording form containing simple, interprofessional records of DM patient care that can be used by various professions and can be applied in multiple primary health facilities. The design was developed through a development research approach with stages of form modification, expert and practitioner review, revision, trial, focus group discussion, and final revision. The trial was carried out by Community Health Center (Puskesmas) nurses in services at the Puskesmas through home visits for DM patients, Posbindu services, and outpatient care. Data from expert opinions, user opinions, and observations of the forms tested were analyzed qualitatively using the Technology Acceptance Model concept approach. The resulting form consists of two pages containing primary patient data and daily progress notes in tabular form. Research participants showed positive beliefs, attitudes, and behavior toward the forms being tested—the actual use of the form on an average of 3 patients per participant. The completeness was 90 percent filled. They expressed their intention to use the form further and recommended widespread dissemination to implement it in practice. The form is acceptable and ready to be applied for outpatient care, health monitoring, and home care for DM cases. Recommendations can be given to policymakers and health service providers to implement in services. Apart from that, the form can be further developed in electronic form by information technology developers.

Practicality of Student-Centered Assessment/Learning using Mathematics Modeling Process Worksheets to Improve the Quality of Education

It is necessary to consider reforms to improve the quality of education through assessment/learning. The problem formulation of this research is how to design student-centered assessment/learning using practical mathematical modeling process worksheets to improve the quality of education? This research uses a development research approach developed by Akker, Gravemeijer, McKenney and Nieveen. This development research consists of 3 steps, namely analysis, design and evaluation. In the analysis step, student analysis, curriculum, mathematical modeling and real world problems are implemented. Second step, design and product. In the final step, researchers used a formative evaluation design consisting of self-evaluation, one-to-one, expert review, small group, and field test. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis methods: (1) walk through, analysis based on solutions and student comments in small groups to obtain student-centered assessment/learning using mathematical modeling process worksheets using the best practical transportation context to improve the quality of education; (2) analyzing the results of the review of small group results. Based on the results of the small group worksheet, the mathematical modeling process is practical for improving the quality of education. Students commented that this mathematical modeling process worksheet was interesting, confusing but challenging and had never been found in their classrooms. Students can solve problems on process worksheets even though the mathematization process has not yet appeared, because students only solve them using informal methods. So, this is a golden opportunity to implement in order to improve the quality of education through assessment/learning. So, a practical mathematical modeling process worksheet is obtained to implement student-centered assessment/learning in order to improve the quality of education.

Internalization of Indonesian Economic Ideology on Formal Education for Elementary School Level

This research aims to internalize and indoctrinate Indonesian economic ideology through economic learning for elementary school students and also test the effectiveness of economic learning tools based on the Articles of the 1945 Constitution. This research applied a Design Based Research (DBR) development research approach. The results of this research are economic learning development products based on articles of the 1945’s Constitution which are based on joint efforts based on the principle of kinship, which can effectively indoctrinate and internalize elementary school students in the economic ideology of the Indonesian nation. This process is carried out by instilling Indonesian economic ideology from an early age, students can know, recognize and have the character of the values of Indonesian economic ideology in their lives.

Needs Analysis for The Development of a Manual in Palliative Care forMalaysia: AnIslamic Psychospiritual Approach.

This study explicates an Islamic approach to palliative care based on the results of a needs analysis regarding the development of an Islamic psychospiritual manual of palliative care alongside related elements. This article represents the first phase of a three-phase study using the design and development research (DDR) approach developed by Richey and Klein to study for design and development of manual either needed or otherwise. This project is a quantitative study that uses purposive sampling through a questionnaire instrument to investigate 210 participants from the general population in Malaysia that have experience in taking care of terminally ill patients. The findings of the study indicated that the majority of participants agreed with the development of an Islamic psychospiritual manual with mean values (x̅) of 4.57 and 4.66. Concurrently, the findings showed that the hierarchy of emphasis in terms of the elements to be included in the manual starts with emotional support, which exhibited the highest mean rate (x̅), followed by faith in God, spiritual and religious support, self and physical management, trauma management and social support. The correlations indicated that all the elements to be included in the manual were significant.

Manuscript Designing and Developing the Form and Condition for Integrating the Quran with Acquired Knowledge

Integrating Quranic verses with acquired knowledge is necessary, along with knowledge and technology development. This helps in understanding the Quranic verses that are relevant to those fields and further exploring the contents of the Quran more broadly. However, the form of integration of the Quran with aqli knowledge and the conditions for such integration based on the expert agreement have not been highlighted. This study aims to design and develop the integration of Quranic verses with acquired knowledge form and its condition based on the discipline of Quranic exegesis. The study used the three-phase Design and Development Research (DDR) approach, and this paper only discussed the second phase, design and development. The form of the integration and its condition was designed based on the literature review and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) by seven (7) experts in the related field of study. Then, the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) was used to develop the form and condition. Twelve (12) experts in Quranic exegesis have participated in FDM. Experts’ consensus has been obtained in developing the forms for integrating Quranic verses with acquired knowledge and its conditions. The forms involve eleven items: Discussion of Concept, Discussion of the Quranic Approach, Explanation of function, Explanation of feature, Explanation of process, Explanation of cause and effect, Rational explanation of aspects of language, Explanation of Islamic legislation’s wisdom, Explanation of historiography and geography of the stories in the Quran, Inspirational Innovation by the Quran, Translational Technology from the Quran. The conditions for integrating consist of nine items and the experts emphasise the conditions concerning ethics more than the conditions relating to interpretation content. This study has significant implications for using new methods, namely design and development research. This study also contributes to the Quranic studies itself using quantitative and qualitative studies that combine various methods in one study.

Design And Development of Arabic Language Camp For Postgraduate Islamic Studies

The Design and Development Research (DDR) approach is an increasingly employed research method by education researchers, as it aims to produce a product through specific stages. Therefore, this study aims to explain and detail the design and development aspects of an Arabic language camp called the Academic Arabic Language Camp (KeMBAA), which utilizes the Design and Development Research approach (DDR). This language camp targets the participation of new postgraduate students in the religious studies department at the Faculty of Islamic Studies, National University of Malaysia. Developing and implementing KeMBAA is an effort to design, develop, and execute a product that incorporates DDR elements such as multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches, mixed methodologies, cycles, and various other components. KeMBAA aims to provide an Arabic language learning experience in an interactive and enjoyable environment for students who are accustomed to traditional Arabic language teaching methods, which require a new touch through more impactful innovation. This study employs the DDR approach, executed through three main phases: the needs analysis phase, the design and development phase, and concluding with the assessment phase. The study's findings present the key features of KeMBAA, alongside the foundational design principles, as an innovation in Arabic language learning for Islamic Studies students. The framework for developing KeMBAA is expected to serve as a reference for Arabic language teaching innovation, particularly for researchers in Arabic and foreign languages.

An Update on Zika Virus Vaccine Development and New Research Approaches

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus that represents significant public health challenges, particularly in the Americas, and is a substantial risk to other parts of the world due to its rapid expansion and its established association with neurological disorders, including Guillain–Barré syndrome and an intrauterine fetal infection that can cause microcephaly, blindness, and other congenital neurological complications. To date, no vaccine to prevent ZIKV infections has been approved. Therefore, developing a safe and effective vaccine against this virus is a global health priority. This review analyzes the ZIKV outbreaks, as well as associated neurological complications, its genome, and immunological responses. The current vaccines in development have reported results from preclinical and clinical trials about novel approaches to obtain safer and more effective vaccines and the challenges faced by ZIKV vaccine development.

Design and Development Research (DDR) Approach in Designing Design Thinking Chemistry Module to Empower Students' Innovation Competencies

Design and evaluation processes to provide an empirical basis for producing instructional and non-instructional products, tools, and new or improved development models. This method uses various methods, including qualitative and quantitative techniques, and thoroughly examines the literature. The design and development of this chemistry module using design thinking to empower students' innovation competencies are described in this article. The main challenge for the teaching implementation process that is capable of mastering the skills of generating new ideas and solving problems in the real world is preparing teaching materials, consuming time, and putting pressure on the teacher. Teachers need more support resources to translate the expected teaching practices. This effort aims to generate a new perspective in education, especially chemistry education, in developing student innovation competence in secondary schools in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the design and development research (DDR) approach used to develop a design thinking chemistry module using a DDR approach. The researcher will go through three study phases and use several different research approaches in each phase. In the first phase, the researcher investigated the teachers' needs in their pedagogy used in teaching and students' innovation competencies. The second phase is the design and development phase, involving the consensus of twelve experts in various fields, such as chemistry/science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), curriculum development, module construction experts, and research and innovation planning experts. Consequently, the final phase is implementation and evaluation, focusing on determining the module's effectiveness in teaching and learning. Expert consensus is the primary input in developing modules in Malaysian chemistry education. Malaysian education needs to bring a different educational paradigm and teaching strategy, which includes the impact of teacher pedagogy through design thinking in the future. The conclusion of this article proposes a conceptual framework for the research to contribute to the advancement of design thinking and chemistry education.

Development of Digital Literacy-Based Project Based Learning Assessment Models to Improve High School Students' Creative Thinking Abilities

The use of technology and interactive media in learning is crucial for developing essential information technology and media skills in today's digital era, fostering digital literacy – the ability to understand, use, analyze, evaluate, and participate in the digital world effectively and responsibly. The purposes of this research are to validating a digital literacy-based project-based learning model assessment and enhancing students' digital literacy and creative thinking in high school biology. Using a development research approach and the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), 137 high school students in Poso Regency were sampled. The assessment tools, including observation sheets and rubrics, along with creative thinking tests, demonstrated validity (sig value < 0.05) and reliability (R > 0.60). Implementation revealed excellent digital literacy (86%), good creative thinking (75%), and a moderate improvement (N-gain = 0.68). The assessment's validity and reliability, confirmed through expert and field trials, support its applicability in high school biology learning.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Berbantuan 3D Application Scratch Pada Topik Rotasi Dan Revolusi Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik

Physics requires an innovative learning approach so that students can understand abstract concepts. This research aims to develop physics learning media assisted by 3D Application Scratch on the topic of rotation and revolution to improve students' learning outcomes. Using the 4D development research approach, this research involves four stages: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. In the Define stage, physics learning needs and problems were identified. The Design stage includes learning scenario planning and media design using Scratch. Next, at the Develop stage, the 3D learning media prototype is implemented and then validated. The last stage, Disseminate, is conducted through journal publications. The results of the feasibility test validation score show that Scratch learning media can improve students' learning outcomes, namely for the display aspect of 3.4; the access aspect of 3.0 and the language aspect of 3.75. As obtained from the validation score, Scratch learning media on the topic of rotation and revolution is feasible to use. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of innovative learning media to improve the effectiveness of physics learning.

Development and Validation of a Teaching Module based on the Traditional Approach of the Japanese Bansho Plan Towards the Mastery of Quadratic Equations

This study is an effort to develop and evaluate the validity of the Bansho Plan-Based Teaching Module to improve students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) mastery of the topic of Quadratic Equations. The interactive module comprises six lesson units to provide students with the opportunity to explore the application of the Quadratic Equations concept in real-life situations. The design, development, and validity evaluation of the module was based on the design and development research approach. The discussion focused on two phases, namely the requirements analysis and the development design. The Morrison, Ross, and Kemp (2007) model consisting of nine components was used to support the module development in the first stage of the current study. Meanwhile, the second stage involved an evaluation of the module’s validity and the implementation of a pilot study. Responses from five Mathematics education experts were analyzed using the Percentage Calculation Method (PCM). The highest mean score for content validity coefficient was obtained by the knowledge level aspect with 0.96. This confirms that the module is in line with the national curriculum, as well as the complexity level of all problems presented in the module is not confusing and the module is capable of applying HOTS to the topic of Quadratic Equations. Furthermore, a reliability test was done on the learning objectives through a pilot study involving thirty students. The results showed that the module obtained a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient value of 0.915, indicating its good consistency. One major contribution of this study is that it highlights the uniqueness of combining multimedia modules with the traditional approach of the Bansho Plan. It creates an awareness that traditional teaching approaches, such as the Bansho Plan, should not be labelled as outdated, but instead its wisdom needs to be explored and adapted to the demands and needs of 21st century teaching.

Broadening the Environmental Lens to Include Social and Structural Determinants of Women's Health Disparities.

Due to the physical, metabolic, and hormonal changes before, during, and after pregnancy, women-defined here as people assigned female at birth-are particularly susceptible to environmental insults. Racism, a driving force of social determinants of health, exacerbates this susceptibility by affecting exposure to both chemical and nonchemical stressors to create women's health disparities. To better understand and address social and structural determinants of women's health disparities, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) hosted a workshop focused on the environmental impacts on women's health disparities and reproductive health in April 2022. This commentary summarizes foundational research and unique insights shared by workshop participants, who emphasized the need to broaden the definition of the environment to include upstream social and structural determinants of health. We also summarize current challenges and recommendations, as discussed by workshop participants, to address women's environmental and reproductive health disparities. The challenges related to women's health equity, as identified by workshop attendees, included developing research approaches to better capture the social and structural environment in both human and animal studies, integrating environmental health principles into clinical care, and implementing more inclusive publishing and funding approaches. Workshop participants discussed recommendations in each of these areas that encourage interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, clinicians, funders, publishers, and community members. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12996.

Development of a Model for Data-Driven Decision Making: Critical Skills for School Leaders

Data may equip school leaders with the information they need to make crucial changes that will enhance the education system in the future although the usage of data may not be able to resolve every issue. However, proper data utilization can advise the right conclusion. Therefore, this study aims to design and develop an experiential narrative-based model for school leaders in data-driven decision-making (DDDM). The model has been designed and developed using the Design and Development Research (DDR) approach, which involves three phases: the need analysis phase, the design and development phase, and the usability evaluation phase. However, the researcher only focuses on this paper in the second phase. The design and development process began with a literature study, followed by approval and consensus from a 9-expert panel. The model was designed using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) technique and developed using the Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) method. The design and development phase revealed that 13 DDDM competency components had been generated through the expert panel's opinions and agreement. Overall, based on the experiential narrative of the experts in this study, the model is appropriate for usage and implementation. As a result, the empirically established and verified model has the potential to enhance school leaders' knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward data-driven decision-making.

The development of measurement instruments of Sharia students’ perceptions about Khilafah

This study aims to develop an instrument to measure Sharia students’ perception of the Khilafah. The research applied the ADDIE development research approach. The activity began with reviewing Taqiyuddin An-Nabhani’s books and articles about Khilafah to get the instrument construct (analysis). The next stage was to compile the grid and assemble the instrument items (design). The items of the assembled instrument were then assessed by 11 experts (development). The validated Instruments were then carried out with limi­ted and expanded trials. The limited trial was conducted on 26 students at Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Salatiga, and the expanded trial was conducted on 227 Sharia stu­dents from Institut Islam Mamba’ul ‘Ulum (IIM) Surakarta, UIN Raden Mas Said, and UIN Salatiga. The experimental data were analyzed with CFA. The results indicate that the instrument construct consisted of seven aspects of measurement encompassing the essence, the function, the establishment, the power and sovereignty, the form of state and government, the Khilafah government system, and the constitution for non-Muslims. The measurement model meets eight model fit criteria, including AGFI = 0.84 ( 0.8), chi-square/df = 1.459 ( 2), RMR = 0.054 (≤ 0.1), SRMR = 0.056 (≤ 0.1), RMSEA = 0.045 ( 0.08), NFI = 0.95 (≥ 0.9), NNFI = 0.98 (≥ 0.9), CFI = 0.98 (≥ 0.9), IFI = 0.98 (≥ 0.9). The instrument also has a good guarantee of validity and reliability. This is indicated by the loading factor value of each indicator above 0.4 and the composite reliability value of 0.95 ( 0.7) so that the instrument can be used for further measure­ments.

Enhancing Learning Outcomes: A Study on the Development of Higher Order Thinking Skills based Evaluation Instruments for Work and Energy in High School Physics

This study aimed to enhance student learning outcomes in the field of work and energy within senior high schools through the development of evaluation instruments based on higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). Higher-order thinking encompasses advanced cognitive abilities such as analysis, evaluation, and creative problem-solving. The evaluation instrument created was meticulously designed to encourage students to think critically, solve intricate problems, and apply physics principles to real-world scenarios. The research methodology employed the development research approach. The instrument development process comprised several stages, including needs analysis, instrument design, validation, and revision. To ensure the instrument's precision and validity, experts in physics education and educational evaluation actively participated in the validation process. The resulting evaluation instrument included a combination of multiple-choice questions and open-ended responses. Students underwent assessment using this instrument following their study of work and energy. Evaluation data were subsequently analyzed through both quantitative and qualitative methods. The outcomes demonstrated a significant improvement in student learning achievements concerning work and energy when using evaluation instruments founded on higher-order thinking. Students who utilized this instrument exhibited superior critical thinking skills, enhanced problem-solving abilities, and an improved capacity to apply physics concepts in real-life situations. This study provides invaluable recommendations for educators and curriculum developers, advocating for the adoption of higher-order thinking-based evaluation instruments in high school physics education. Such an approach has the potential to bolster students' higher-order thinking capabilities and augment their learning outcomes in the context of work and energy. In summary, the successful development and validation of the HOTS based evaluation instrument for 10th-grade high school physics students studying work and energy attest to its viability. Rigorous evaluations from both subject matter experts and media specialists consistently affirmed its suitability across diverse aspects, encompassing appearance, content, and language. Educators, who play a pivotal role in instrument implementation, lauded its effectiveness in teaching work and energy concepts. Positive feedback from students, the primary beneficiaries of this evaluation instrument, underscores its widespread acceptance and appropriateness. In sum, this research underscores the instrument's strong validity and practicality for evaluating students' grasp and application of work and energy principles in high school physics, endorsing its capacity to augment learning outcomes.

Development and validation of student worker worksheets based on the RADEC learning model for Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects in elementary schools

This research aims to develop and test the validity of student worksheet based on the RADEC Learning Model (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain and Create) in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects at elementary school level. The RADEC model is used as a basis for designing worksheets that support an active, participatory learning process and stimulate an in-depth understanding of science concepts. This research uses a development research approach. The development stage includes needs analysis, worksheet design, and validation by experts. It is hoped that the results of this research will contribute to improving worksheets as a learning aid that can improve students' understanding of science material in elementary schools. Apart from that, this research can also provide guidance to educators and students in implementing the RADEC Learning Model to improve the quality of learning in the classroom.