Development Of Urban Space Research Articles

The Pocket Park and Its Impact on the Quality of Urban Space on the Local and Supralocal Scale—Case Study of Krakow, Poland

The idea of building pocket parks in cities is one of the more rational proposals for utilizing cameral spaces to create new quality in terms of green areas while accounting for the potential to blend them into the compact functiospatial structure of the contemporary city. Numerous examples of pocket park projects from around the world point to there being considerable interest in this form of greenery. The goal of this paper is to present the findings of a study of a selected number of pocket parks in Krakow, Poland, in terms of their accessibility, local determinants, and the nearby functiospatial structure, as well as whether they can be included into a wider network of service and green spaces of supralocal significance. The research method included novel field research of selected pocket parks and their surroundings. The form and function of the parks were analyzed and the type of their surrounding urban structure was determined, along with the parks’ accessibility. The study investigated nine parks located in the northeastern part of Krakow in a dense development structure dominated by multi-family housing. Analyses of the parks themselves and the research on the relations and linkages between parks and their surrounding urban structure generally pointed to the accuracy of the concept of the pocket park, its universality, and its compliance with the concept of the sustainable development of urban space. The presence and manner of development of pocket parks can be said to enhance the quality of spaces in confined fragments of an urban structure and to have predominantly local significance.

Psychological Effects of Walking and Relaxed Sitting in Urban Greenspaces During Post-pandemic: A Case Study in Bogor City, Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the world order from the beginning of 2020 to the end of 2022. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on changes in healthy living practices, such as decreased physical exercise and increased stress, compromising psychological well-being. The psychological impacts of walking and relaxing in urban green spaces on IPB University students are investigated in this study. Bogor City Alun-Alun, Sempur Park, and Heulang Park were used for the experiment. Participants completed 15 minutes of walking and relaxed sitting before and after the experiment, and the psychological impacts were assessed using Profiles of Mood States (POMS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) before and after the experiment. The results indicate that physical activity improves psychological wellness. These findings give scientific evidence for the psychologically relaxing effects of walking and relaxed sitting, as well as recommendations to support the development and construction of therapeutic urban green spaces.

Classification and Development Potential Evaluation of Urban Metro Station Areas Based on Extended Node-Place Model-- A case study of Nanjing Metro Line 1

In the process of changing from the extensive mode to the compact mode of the urban space development in China, metro has solved the problem of high-capacity and rapid transportation in cities. The planning of metro stations needs to be investigated in the context of station types in the process of the urban development. In the research, combined with the development examples of stations and surrounding areas along Nanjing Subway Line 1, the factors such as the classification of station types, the current development potential assessment and so on were investigated based on the extended "node-place" model. And then the scientific and reasonable optimization and adjustment strategies for stations and surrounding areas were proposed, which provides reference for the subsequent planning strategies and development and construction of metro stations and surrounding areas.

Optimization of spatial layouts for deep underground infrastructure in central business districts based on a multi-agent system model

In central business districts (CBDs), shallow underground spaces are being rapidly saturated owing to the increasing scale of urban underground development. Compared to shallow underground spaces, deep underground spaces are better suited for the installation of infrastructural facilities, and therefore, they are expected to become important in future urban space development. However, deep underground infrastructure (DUI) planning in CBDs is a complex and dynamic process involving numerous players because of the different service objectives and layout-related requirements of each facility. Thus, the requirements and rules of DUI layouts need to be investigated for the orderly development of underground spaces. This paper proposes a method for optimizing DUI layouts based on a multi-agent system model to maximize the benefit in DUI layouts. In this method, each DUI is represented by an agent, and deep underground space including spatial scale, ground utilization form, geological conditions and other factors was constructed, and six layout expectations of different types of DUI agents were set within the framework of the spatial relationships between DUI and ground demand, DUI and deep subsurface resource development, and different DUIs. The simulation obtained a spatial representation of the optimal DUI layout within a spatial environment that represents the deep underground space of a CBD through the exploration of DUI space and DUI–DUI interactions as well as the adaptive behaviors of the agents. The results indicate that the overall spatial utilization form of deep underground space presents a parabolic wave-like pattern with shallow central aggregation. In the vertical dimension, the facility distribution exhibits clear vertical zonation. In the horizontal dimension, the facility distribution is dominated by the ground demand, but it is greatly affected by the infrastructure of high-rise buildings and reduces the service efficiency of DUI. According to the key influencing factors affecting the DUI layout, DUI is divided into demand-driven, cost-sensitive, and supporting-service types, and targeted DUI planning and development strategies are proposed. This model can effectively describe the laws of using deep underground space to set up infrastructure and provides policy development support for the decision-making process when developing deep underground space.

Soil health and management matters: A survey of field tree nursery producers

Extensive calls for increased tree planning worldwide are highlighting the need for management changes in the field tree nursery sector. Healthy soil is the foundation for sustainable agricultural systems, and best practices for soil management confer tangible benefits to producers as well as broader system-wide benefits. However, field tree producers lack the foundational resources needed to implement, manage, and evaluate soil health practices within their operations. Furthermore, tree producers are unique in that their primary product is central to the sustainable development of urban spaces and are facing increased demand for high-quality trees. There is subsequently a two-pronged need. First, a greater understanding of the key objectives, opportunities, and challenges driving soil management in tree production is required to support the development of specified practices, within the sector. Second, a greater characterization of the short- and long-term value of trees is required to incentivize the soil health practices that will support resilience in tree production systems. The study characterizes the soil health and management practices implemented in Ontario by field tree nursery producers. A questionnaire was administered in the summer of 2020 to Ontario tree nursery producers within the Landscape Ontario Horticultural Trades Association (N = 29). Responding producers provided insight into soil management practices, opportunities and challenges. Tree nursery producers expressed a need for resources to support cover crop usage and comprehensive soil testing to improve tree performance. Reflection on current soil management challenges and opportunities highlights the benefits of considering soil management as one aspect within the broader social-ecological system.

A model for assessing the sustainable development of the city area

The balanced management and development of the territory requires the development of the concept of sustainable development of the territory. In addition to the sustainable development of the territory, it is necessary to ensure the balance of all the main aspects that determine the sustainable development of the territory. The search for an optimal balance of urban area development is the most important task which requires the development of scientific methodologies. The article deals with the principle model of agglomeration in the context of the aspects of sustainable development of the territory. In the model the assessment is carried out in two stages. The purpose of the first stage is to determine the degree of balance of the territory on a particular aspect. The purpose of the second stage is to determine the degree of compliance of the urban planning organization of the territory with the conditions of sustainable development of the territory. In order to create a strategy for the development of urban space it is necessary to monitor the urban planning condition of the territory, as well as to assess its compliance with the conditions for sustainable development of the city territory.

The “Smart City” concept and its implementation prospects

The article reveals the content of the “smart city” concept. Thus, the concept of 'smart city' itself can be considered not only as a concept, but also as an urban space itself, 'saturated' with digital and innovative technologies. Key approaches to the implementation of the concept of “smart city” are given. The basic components and tools of a smart city are pointed out. Existing problems, challenges and threats in the context of building smart cities are disclosed. Russian realities of embodiment of concept “smart city” are considered. Possible perspectives of “smart city” concept realization are pointed out. The conclusions are summarized. On the whole, a smart city is an inevitable condition for present and future development of urban space. The “smart city” is not only a tool for improvement of comfort, improvement of conditions, but also a necessary answer to the arisen threats and challenges, which are unprecedented in character.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЕМ ГОРОДА: ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННО-ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РЕДЕВЕЛОПМЕНТА «СЕРОГО ПОЯСА» САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГА

The relevance of the study is due to the need to address issues of spatial and territorial development of the city within the “grey region” of St. Petersburg. Spatial-territorial aspects of redevelopment of the “grey region” within the framework of managerial processes of city development are analyzed in detail. The necessity of participation of executive authorities of St. Petersburg and local government to implement the goals of urban space development taking into account the problems and prospects of the territory of the “grey region” is noted. It was proposed to develop a development strategy for the “grey region” of St. Petersburg and make additions in the documents of strategic and territorial planning of the city in the formation of urban planning policy of St. Petersburg in the long term. Have come to the conclusion that as the main mechanism for the implementation of this strategy should be considered the processes of redevelopment. On the basis of the analysis of existing problems and prospects of development of the territory of the “grey region” it is proposed to use the mechanisms of public-private partnership and attract authorities to initiate preferential programs to finance the development of this territory.

Участие молодежи в развитии комфортной городской среды

Introduction. The article assesses the level of living comfort of the population in a large city, based on the objective and subjective data. The authors also study the role of the youth participation in the development of a comfortable urban space. The problem of youth participation in the development of urban space and the formation of a high-quality urban space is extremely relevant both for the transformation of the living environment with and for the socialization of the urban youth. Methods. The study was carried out in the large cities of the Vologda Region by a quantitative methodological strategy (data of a sociological survey on the living conditions of the population, 2022, N=1600). Results and its discussion. It is concluded that the large cities of the Vologda Region have been characterized by an increase in the integral value of the urban space quality index in recent years. The index is calculated by the national project «Housing and Urban Space», however, the subjective assessments of citizens demonstrate significant problems in the development of urban space. The results how that the young people, despite more critical assessment of the city, do not show the interest to discuss topical issues of urban development and often do not want to participate in the design of a high-quality urban space. The authors propose to develop open dialogue platforms with the city authorities, the youth public organizations and the young people in order to increase the participation of young citizens in the design of comfortable urban space.

Methods For The Formation Of Energy-Efficient Architecture Of Social Objects In World Design Practice

Today, people are increasingly drifting away from nature in an age of accelerated lives and information technology. Only the natural environment can create comfortable, ecological conditions for human life. It has become evident that the biological component of the domain has been noticeably reduced in the big cities, and the appeal to the global architectural community of the ecological and aesthetic aspects of design and construction, which contribute to the comfortable and sustainable development of urban space, has become particularly relevant over the past decades. In a big city, architecture is omnipresent. Hence, the architectural-spatial environment should be solved as much as possible in the context of the natural environment, embodying not only the material needs of a person but also spiritual ones. The current unfavorable environmental, energy, and economic situation in the world requires new methods for designing and building the architecture of new and reconstructed old buildings. The article discusses the issues surrounding the formation of modern energy-efficient architecture in the context of its relationship with the natural environment through the use of modern design solutions. The article is based on surveys of social facilities made by the authors from 2017 to 2021 in Eurasian and European cities. The article analyzes a new mechanism of architectural formation based on the shape formation of an architectural object, the content of the architectural shape, the aesthetics of perception, and the organization of eco-space.

Empirical Study on the Influence of Urban Environmental Industrial Structure Optimization on Ecological Landscape Greening Construction.

With the rapid development of the economy in China, the ecological environment problem of the city has become an important factor that restricts the development of our economy and society. People gradually realize that, while rapidly generating wealth, they have been shrouded by the shadow of environmental pollution for a long time, which makes people feel more and more frightened and thoughtful. Industry is the carrier of economic activities, so we must pay attention to the relationship between industry and the natural environment. In this case, people pay more and more attention to the study of ecological construction and bring it into the optimization of environmental industrial structure. During this period, to correctly handle the relationship between industrial structure and ecological construction, to realize the overall transformation, development and cultivation of industrial structure, is the inevitable choice to promote the healthy and sustainable development of enterprises. From the perspective of industrial structure adjustment and the green space system, this paper makes theoretical assumptions about the impact of environmental industrial structure adjustment on urban ecological green space construction. Then, through the panel data of 260 cities from 2008 to 2018, the impact of China's industrial structure adjustment on the scale of urban ecological green space was empirically analyzed. On this basis, this paper puts forward some policy recommendations for the development of urban ecological green space in our country.

Microclimatic quality of urban routes and pedestrian behavior in arid zones case of the city of Biskra, South-East Algeria

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to implement a methodology intended to identify the links between the microclimatic quality of urban routes and the behavior of pedestrians. This document will open up new opportunities for the development of urban open spaces and facilitate decision-making for urban decision-makers.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology intended to identify the links between the microclimatic quality of urban routes and the behavior of pedestrians is deployed in two stages. The first stage represents a microclimatic characterization of the pedestrian routes. The second step represents a behavioral characterization of these same journeys, based on the on-site video observation of the pedestrians.FindingsThe analysis of the results obtained by applying this method shows that the physical factors of the urban environment in the two climatic seasons (winter, summer) significantly influence the choice of routes, the percentage of route use, the speed of travel and the frequency of user stops.Originality/valueThe authors have recently observed that the issue of the influence of microclimatic factors on the behavior of pedestrians, and more particularly their movements, has only rarely been addressed. It is therefore in this context that the authors would like to provide, through this article, some technical solutions for analysis and characterization as well as some answers to the problem of the influence of microclimatic factors on pedestrian movements.

Urban Population Identities and Symbolic Value

Abstract This article examines various aspects of identities conveyed by urban populations, factors of transformation and development of urban spaces, and historical memory as tools for the socialization, stratification, and integration of a polyethnic society in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The empirical base of the study is a variety of material, including a questionnaire survey of the urban population of Yakutia, spontaneous polls, and in-depth expert interviews. The novelty is the research strategy itself, aimed at identifying all the listed actors through the prism of symbolic representations. The study of the symbolic value of the northern cities of Yakutia as informational and cultural spaces, understanding the heritage as a certain mediative mental-material cultural layer with symbolic codes and texts, provides key registers for considering the fundamental problems of the spatial and socio-cultural development of territories in general. The results of the study show that the political identity of the population of Yakutia has been formed according to the historical memory of the Soviet past. A trend towards positioning the region as “northern” or “arctic” has emerged in recent years, which also depends on government policy in the Arctic.

Selection of Plant Species for Particulate Matter Removal in Urban Environments by Considering Multiple Ecosystem (Dis)Services and Environmental Suitability

To select plant species for particulate matter (PM) removal from urban environments, it is important to consider the plant species’ ecosystem (dis)services and environmental suitability in addition to their effectiveness in PM removal. In this study, 61 plant species were ranked for PM removal using three separate models: (i) leaf traits, (ii) leaf saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), and (iii) ecosystem services and disservices. The plant species’ effectiveness in PM accumulation and the effective leaf traits were identified using leaf SIRM. In each model, plant species were assigned scores and weights for each criterion. The weighted average or the product (Π)-value was calculated for each plant species. The weighted average of each plant species was multiplied by the scores of leaf longevity and leaf area index (LAI) to scale up to a yearly basis and per unit of ground surface area. The preference ranking organization method for enrichment of evaluations (PROMETHEE) method was employed for the services and disservices model because of the lack of precise weights for the included criteria in the model. A scenario analysis was performed to determine a change in the ranking of plant species when the weights of the criteria were modified in the services and disservices model. The plant species with increased ecosystem services and reduced ecosystem disservices were Tilia cordata (Mill.), Tilia platyphyllos (Scop.), Alnus incana (L.), Acer campestre (L.), and Picea abies (L.). The findings of this study can be relevant to urban planners for recommending suitable choices of plant species for the development of urban green spaces.

Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Spatial Quality in Northeast China Based on DMSP-OLS and NPP-VIIRS Nighttime Light Data

The quality of urban spaces is a pivotal part of high-quality spatial development. It is directly connected to the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of a region. In recent years, Northeast China has characterized urban space contraction and development. To study the quality of urban space in Northeast China, this paper fitted the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) and the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) nighttime light data with 11 indicators related to high-quality urban development for the period 1992–2018. The feasibility of nighttime light data reflecting urban spatial quality was verified by a linear equation, and the temporal characteristics of urban spatial quality in Northeast China were obtained. The Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (ESDA-GTWR) explores the spatial relevance and possible influencing factors of this kind of development. The results suggest that the overall trend of spatial quality in the three northeastern provinces is “initial slow growth and significantly weakened after”. The fast developing cities include Panjin, Liaoyang, Shenyang, and Dalian in the Liaoning Province. On the other hand, cities such as Heihe and Yichun in the Heilongjiang Province have relatively slow development speeds. Furthermore, the spatial quality development in the three northeastern provinces exhibits a trend of continuous concentration. The cities with high spatial qualities are concentrated near the Liaoning Province, with low spatial qualities in the north and high spatial qualities in the southern parts of the three provinces. As there is a notable gap between the northern and the southern regions, the central region represents an area in partial transition. The spatial quality of each city in the three northeastern provinces is the result of a number of intertwined factors, with significant differences in the degree of their influence. The significant degree of influence factors on spatial quality from higher to lower is urbanization, quality of life, rural revitalization, government promotion, and infrastructure.

The trajectory of extractive urbanism: Examining the implications of Vale's presence and withdrawal for the coal frontier and its urban spaces in Tete

Motivated by the increased demand for coal in the first decade of this century, multinational mining firms, including the Brazilian Vale, arrived in Tete province, Mozambique and expanded the coal frontier. The recent global agenda for energy transition made Vale decide to divest from Tete, selling all the mining-related assets to a new company, Indian Vulcan. This divestment is likely to lead to the restructuring of the expanded coal frontier and generate wider implications for the inhabitants than currently assumed in studies, which tend to focus on enclaves and resettlement sites constructed by Vale. In this paper, we argue that paying attention to urban spaces beyond the enclaves and resettlement sites helps us establish a more comprehensive understanding of the potential consequences of Vale's investment and divestment on Tete's coal frontier. Critically engaging with the emerging literature on extractive urbanism and drawing on ethnographic field research in three urban spaces, the paper shows that Vale's divestment following the energy transition agenda has deepened uncertainty and generated scepticism about the future development of urban spaces among the frontier inhabitants.

Informal urban development in urban cities. Spatial assessment in the city of Batna, Algeria

The development of the urban space of Algerian cities over the last thirty years has been characterized by an urban evolution that has been at odds with the various regulatory instruments of the state for shaping the urban space of cities, in particular, the land use plan (LUP), whose main objective was to guide, plan and control the urban development of urban space. However, the result today is the emergence of new fragmentary spaces that have informal forms and structures that break with the existing space. This type of informal trend is well-illustrated in the city of Batna and the region covered by land use plan No. 6. Therefore, the objective of this study is the evaluation of the urban development process of the area covered by the land use plan No. 06 by measuring the level of formality of that process from 2001 to 2018. The obtained results demonstrate that following the indicators selected, urban informality in the research region develops through time and space in a gradual and evolutionary form. The results obtained can be used as support for the development of a land use plan, if needed, but also for the implementation of a strategy to monitor the urban development of the city

Opportunities and challenges of urban green open space for climate change mitigation and adaptation in Bogor, West Java

Urban green open space area is one of the strategies to deal with climate change mitigation and adaptation issues. As one of the relevant exemplifications of the “Urban Forest” concept and sustainable urban development, legal control of urban green open space is necessary to support the effort. This study examines urban green open space policies, practices, opportunities, and challenges in Bogor city regarding climate change mitigation and adaptation. Furthermore, local regulations, including legal issues, key players, and their roles in urban forest management were also discussed. A desk study with descriptive exploratory was implemented in this paper. The results showed that there are challenges in the implementation of urban green open space area policies into urban forest practices. The land size allocation for urban forests in Bogor, West Java, is still not by the existing policies as their land size is far less than 30%. Moreover, most local regulations have relatively paid little attention to private property policy. Local governments can enact local regulations for technical guidelines in short-term strategy as local regulations are expected to support the regional level of urban forests and green open space development. Multi stakeholders’ cooperation and community engagement are potential initiatives for urban forest development at the local government level for climate change resilience.

The Role of Human Needs in Urban Renewal and Development of Urban Spaces for City Centers

The Role of Human Needs in Urban Renewal and Development of Urban Spaces for City Centers

Spatial Identification and Interactive Analysis of Urban Production—Living—Ecological Spaces Using Point of Interest Data and a Two-Level Scoring Evaluation Model

Identifying urban production–living–ecological spaces and their interactive relationships is conducive to better understanding and optimizing urban space development. This paper took the main urban area of Hangzhou city as an example, and a two-level scoring evaluation model was constructed to accurately identify urban production–living–ecological spaces using point of interest (POI) data. Then, kernel density analysis, a spatial transfer matrix, and a bivariate spatial autocorrelation model were used to reveal the spatial patterns of urban production–living–ecological spaces and their interactive relationships during 2010 and 2019. The results showed that the proposed two-level scoring evaluation model combining both the physical area and density of POIs was effective in accurately identifying urban production–living–ecological spaces using POI data, with an identification accuracy of 88.9%. Urban production space was concentrated on the south bank of the Qiantang River and around the north of Hangzhou. Urban living space had the highest proportion, mainly distributed within the ring highway of Hangzhou in a contiguous distribution pattern, and urban ecological space was concentrated around West Lake and Xiang Lake. During 2010 and 2019, the expansion of urban production–living–ecological spaces had obvious spatial differences. Additionally, the mutual transformation between production and living spaces was more frequent during the study period and was mainly distributed within the ring highway of Hangzhou. There were significant positive spatial correlations between production and living and between living and ecological spaces, while a significant negative spatial correlation occurred between production and ecological spaces. The spatial correlations of urban production–living–ecological spaces revealed obvious spatial heterogeneity. This study proposed a two-level scoring evaluation model to accurately identify the spatial patterns of urban production–living–ecological spaces and their interactive relationships using POI data, which can provide detailed information and scientific references for urban spatial planning and management in rapidly urbanizing cities.