Development Of Transport Sector Research Articles

Implementation of environmental management plans in the transport sector development projects: A case study of two mega projects in Bangladesh

This study assesses the Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) of two major urban transport megaprojects in Bangladesh, MRT Line-6 and BRT Line-3, implemented in Dhaka City to alleviate traffic congestion. The EMPs were evaluated using content analysis, SWOT analysis, and key informant interviews with environmental impact assessment experts. This research identifies the challenges and strengths of these projects, including occupational health and safety management, compensation measures for resettlement, handling cash grievances, emergency response plans, and organized environmental maintenance. The EMPs demonstrate efforts to compensate for greenspace loss by creating new ground coverage along the routes and planting trees and shrubs beneath elevated tracks. Notable weaknesses were observed, including a lack of integration between project proponents and regulatory authorities, absence of monitoring and reporting of impacts, health hazards caused by dust and emissions from equipment and project activities, insufficient traffic management plans, and inadequate health and safety measures for pedestrians during the construction phase. Several measures have been proposed for monitoring the operational phases by designated authorities, such as an environmental treatment plan for wastewater, solid waste management, water supply and sanitation, noise pollution control, and other emission control measures. Unfortunately, the study revealed that the restoration of blue spaces, such as water bodies and wetlands, affected by the megaprojects, was not adequately planned. This study further suggests that transparency and public participation should be ensured during preparation and implementation of EMPs of megaprojects. It also emphasizes the need for an adequate workforce and resources in the Department of Environment (DoE) to monitor EMP implementation effectively.

Innovations in ensuring the economic security of the transport industry

Subject. The article deals with the transport sector development of the Russian economy in the face of uncertainty. Objectives. The aim is to build a model enabling to predict threats to the economic security of transport industry enterprises. Methods. The study rests on methods of functional and statistical analysis. Results. We developed a system of indicators to assess the level of economic security of transport enterprises, taking into account the specifics of their innovative activities. Conclusions. The proposed approach to assessing the level of economic security allows for timely adjustment of company's development strategy.

Low-carbon development in China's transportation sector: Multidimensional characteristics and policy implications

Although low-carbon development of transportation sector is crucial for global deep decarbonization, the multidimensional characteristics (e.g., inequality, complex network and efficiency-related drivers) carbon intensity (CI) in the sector at sub-national level is still lacking in-depth evaluation for an emerging economy in particular. Here, using social network analysis, inequality decomposition and production-theoretical decomposition analysis with a focus on regional heterogeneity, the study comprehensively investigated the complex network, inequality and novel drivers related to efficiency and technological change of CI for transportation sectors across 30 provinces in China over 1997–2019. We found that first, the strict spatial correlation structure of CI in the transportation sector was gradually broken and the inter-provincial correlation were enhanced. Second, the inequality of CI declined where gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene and raw coal were the main contributors. Third, the potential carbon factor mainly promoted the reduction of CI while the impact of potential energy intensity exhibited an "inverted U″ trend over the period. Forth, the group technical change effects of energy usage and CO2 emission first promoted the decline of CI and then inhibited it. The study highlights the importance of the multidimensional characteristics in the transportation sector when formulating CI-related policies according to the local conditions.

Transportation carbon emission reduction potential and mitigation strategy in China

Effectively reducing transportation carbon emissions is greatly significant to achieve the carbon peaking and neutral goals of China. On the basis of considering regional technology heterogeneity, we employ the parametric meta-frontier approach to analyze the carbon emission performance and reduction potential of the transportation sector in China. Then, we further decompose the emission reduction potential's contributors into removing management inefficiencies and filling technology gaps. The estimated potential carbon emission reductions from transportation sector in China are 12.3 million tons, accounting for 8.4 % of the annual transportation carbon emissions. Specifically, the eastern regions, especially Shandong, Shanghai, and Liaoning have the greatest carbon emission reduction potential; while Qinghai, Jiangxi, and Ningxia have the smallest potential. As the major contributors to the potential emission reductions, filling technology gaps and removing management inefficiencies account for 57.5 % and 42.5 % of the total potential, respectively. Moreover, removing management inefficiencies dominate for the eastern region and filling technology gaps for the central and western regions. Finally, we provide provincial-specific emission mitigation strategies based on the identification of the reduction potential and its contributors. Our policy implications help decision-makers to facilitate the low-carbon development of transportation sector.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ТА ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗВИТКУ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ ТРАНСПОРТНИМИ ПОСЛУГАМИ УКРАЇНИ

The article is focused on the study of threats and opportunities for the development of Ukraine’s international trade in transport services. The purpose of the study is to identify, based on the analysis of the state and structure of Ukraine’s international trade in transport services, the prospects and problems of the country's transport sector development in the new economic and geopolitical realities. Methods of study – methods of economic, system, historical and graphical analysis. As the result of the analysis, it was established that the efficiency of transport and transit potential available in Ukraine usage today is low. For a long time, pipeline transport dominated in export of transport services structure and share of this transport began to decrease only in recent years under the influence of external factors. It was determined that the full-scale war on the territory of Ukraine created a number of additional threats to the realization of the country's transport potential. The biggest problem of the transport sector today is the physical destruction of the rolling stock of transport enterprises and the destruction of the transport infrastructure. Today, the government is already taking measures to preserve the functioning of the transport infrastructure, carrying out restoration measures, and involves business in the reconstruction process. However, the government needs to support transport companies more actively in updating their fleet of vehicles, by promoting the use of leasing or partially covering vehicle purchase costs. Given the significant role of pipeline transport in the export structure, the reduction of gas transit through the Ukrainian gas transport system creates a threat of country losing its transit status. Neutralization of this problem requires the government to intensify diplomatic activity with the aim of involving Ukraine in the transit of energy carriers to Europe from alternative sources. In addition, it is advisable to study the technical possibilities and economic feasibility of reorienting the Ukrainian gas transportation system to the transportation of biomethane or hydrogen. In addition to the mentioned problems, opportunities for the development of the international trade in transport services, which have arisen to date, have been identified. It has been established that Ukraine's involvement in international initiatives, joining regional alliances and signing agreements in the field of transport with the EU will allow maintaining the functioning of the country's transport sector during the war; create prerequisites for rapid post-war recovery, more active involvement of Ukraine in the European transport network, further active development of the transport sector and more complete realization of the country's existing transit potential.

Russian transport high-growth firms during the COVID-19 pandemic

The Russian transport industry is an important sector of the Russian economy. Because of a large territory, Russian supply chains and human flows face unique challenges, inducted by natural and anthropogenic reasons. One of them is the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused supply chains disruption and changes in travel plans. The paper aims to identify the differences in the reaction of Russian transport high-growth firms and other transport firms’ performance on the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample includes 2621 transport firms (including 119 high-growth firms). The research uses the official financial data provided by Rosstat and the Russian Tax Service. The hypotheses are tested on 2020 data using one-way ANOVA. The research showed no significant differences in high-growth and normal firms’ profitability, efficiency, and solvency. High-growth firms keep a better ability to grow in pandemic and employability. High-growth firms allow the whole industry to keep a good development perspective. The research results agree with earlier studies and confirm that high-growth firms are vital for transport sector development.

European Green Deal and transport sector development – opportunities or restrictions

The study is focused on the possibilities and restrictions for the development of the transport sector of EU member-states with GDP per head significantly lower than the EU average levels, because of the introduction of the European Green Deal. For the purposes of the research, there are used the methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, as well as statistical analysis. In the publication, it is examined also the status quo of the European transport system in accordance with the provisions of the European Green Deal and the European policies for the development of the transport sector till 2030 and 2050. Special attention is paid to the energy dependence of the transport modes on fossil fuels, as well as the level of digitalization of the transport sector, the obstacles for operation of sustainable multimodal transportation services and the danger of imperfect market structures emergence in the field of transport in the less developed regions in EU.

Biochar: A source of nano catalyst in transesterification process

The role of biodiesel in the development of transportation sector of a nation is same as the role of backbone in a human body. The conventional sources are limited and also green environment’s enemy but their consumption is increasing day by day, which is not a good sign. On the other hand, biodiesel is a renewable fuel and one of the major supporters of this climate change. The process of making biodiesel consists of transesterification of vegetable oils/ fats. And catalyst plays a very important role in the transesterification of oil, the aim of the resent paper is to give a concept of using nano catalyst in the form of Biochar produced from waste biomass. We proposed the use of waste biomass for the extraction of nanocatalyst. Current paper deals with the use of nanocatalyst in the transesterification process by different researchers along with a concept of extraction of biochar as nanocatalyst from waste biomass proposed to be used as catalyst in the transesterification process. It is found that nanocatalyst improves the efficiency of transesterification process to a great extent and also use of Biochar produced from waste biomass can help in managing waste problem.

Decomposition study of energy-related CO2 emissions from Bangladesh’s transport sector development

The transportation sector has a dominant contribution to the fast-growing economy of the developing country Bangladesh. However, the nature of operating the transportation sector in the country requires an excessive amount of fossil energy which causes the rise of CO2 emissions. Ascertaining the impending factors and technologically to conserve energy, as well as governing CO2 emissions from this sector, are essential to attain sustainable development. The paper endeavors to determine the decomposition of driving factors that affect the relationship between Bangladesh's transport sector development and CO2 emissions due to energy consumption from the year 1990 to 2017 using the Logarithmic-Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) model. The decomposition factors are fragmented into five elements through consideration of five fossil energies which are used in Bangladesh's transportation sector. The result reveals a 106.94% growth of aggregate CO2 emissions in the transportation sector of Bangladesh. The results also show that aggregate influence of economic activity factor, population factor, economic structure factor, and energy intensity factor liable in increase CO2 emissions to 66.03%, 23.56%, 7.64%, and 6.25% respectively. On the contrary, the energy structure factor is accountable for the decrease in CO2 emissions to - 0.80%. Thus, the Bangladesh Government should proliferate mass responsiveness programs and cope with economic development through emphasizing quality of development rather than quantity which will ensure sustainable transport sector development.

Toward the 2-degree target: Evaluating co-benefits of road transportation in China

BackgroundCo-benefit assessments on health and economic impacts of climate change mitigation towards the 2-degree target are still largely insufficient in literature, especially from a sectoral perspective. ObjectivesThis study aims to (1) evaluate PM2.5 pollution-related health impacts on China's road transport sector at both national and provincial levels towards the 2-degree target by 2050; (2) uncover the contribution from the road transport sector compared with that of all sectors; (3) distinguish the contribution from climate change mitigation actions compared with air pollution control oriented actions in road transport sector; and (4) identify the heterogeneous influences at the provincial level. MethodsHealth and economic impacts are estimated using an integrated approach that combines the GAINS (Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) model, the IMED/CGE (Integrated Model of Energy, Environment and Economy for Sustainable Development/computable general equilibrium) model and IMED/HEL (Health) model. Five scenarios are proposed based on climate change mitigation and stringency of air pollution control policy. ResultsIt is found that China's road transport sector could contribute to around 10.6% of total PM2.5 concentration reduction resulting from all sectors' participation in achieving the 2-degree target, equivalent to 10.8% of the monetized health benefits obtained from achieving the 2-degree target by all sectors. Populous provinces dependent on secondary industries would benefit more under the 2-degree target. Meanwhile, compared with the potential maximum benefits from air pollution control oriented measures in the road transport sector, such climate actions could bring noticeable synergies as well. Approximately climate change mitigation action alone can lead to 70% reduction of health impacts by applying air pollution control measures. ConclusionsThis research has implications for other emerging economies and those reluctant to engage in climate action and is deserving of further attention. The government should also realize the heterogeneity of road transport sector development in different provinces, and adopt a more flexible policy approach to take into account regional pollution levels and abatement options.

Measuring regional transport sustainability using super-efficiency SBM-DEA with weighting preference

Abstract The development of transportation sector promotes China's rapid economic growth, but also brings a negative impact to China's society and environment such as pollution and energy waste. However, limited attention has been paid to China's transportation system, especially in terms of transport sustainability evaluation at a regional level. In this study, we first propose a new indicator system that involves systematic, economic, social and environmental indicators for measuring regional transport sustainability. Then, we propose an improved super-efficiency slacks-based measure DEA (SBM-DEA) model with weighting preference to evaluate the regional transport sustainability efficiency. An empirical application to measuring transport sustainability in Shaanxi province, China, during the period of 2000–2015 is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed model. The empirical results show that Shaanxi's transport sustainability over half of the years is inefficient and its main reason is that the efficiency of environmental and social dimensions is low. Compared the result with that obtained by the SBM-DEA model without weighting preference, the number of effective decision-making units is reduced by the proposed DEA model. Computational results show that the evaluation result is generally in line with the reality.

Relationship between the development and CO2 emissions of transport sector in China

The transport sector imposes enormous challenges for energy consumption and CO2 emission reduction. Using data from 30 provinces in China, this paper adopted the Tapio decoupling index to examine the relationship between the development of the transport sector and its CO2 emissions from provincial perspective. Additionally, we employed the logarithmic mean divisia index method to explore the effect of several factors on the state of decoupling. The results showed that the under-developed provinces were more likely to present a weak decoupling state than the developed and coastal provinces. Income level was the major influential factor limiting the development of decoupling in the transport sector. The population scale had a very small negative role in the development of decoupling. Moreover, the effects of CO2 emissions efficiency, transport intensity and industry structure varied across provinces. By offering a provincial perspective on decoupling states and its driving factors, this study can provide a reference for governments in proposing carbon-reduction policies and promoting low carbon development of the transport sector.

The Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on US Transportation Sector Stock Returns

Development of transportation sector is a fundamental prerequisite for economic growth, which is sensitive to variations in domestic and international economic policies. In this vein, we investigate how domestic and global economic policy uncertainty affects stock returns of transportation sector firms in the United States. We deploy autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing method to investigate the relationship of monthly returns of Dow Jones Transportation Average with economic policy uncertainty, global economic policy uncertainty, and other macroeconomic factors. Our findings suggest that economic policy uncertainty at the national and international level negatively influences the stock returns of the transportation sector. The paper also demonstrates a positive effect of industrial production and consumer’s confidence on returns of U.S. transportation sector. The empirical findings offer useful policy implications to the stakeholders of the US transportation sector.

Problems and prospects of sustainable low carbon development of transport in Russia

This article discusses the problems and prospects of sustainable low carbon transport development in Russia. Forecast scenario of Russian transport sector development was elaborated, which includes justification of the set of estimates of GHG emission by separate modes of transport and the transport industry as a whole, quantitative assessment of GHG emission from road, urban electric, rail, air, maritime, inland water transport, road building/maintenance and also justification of possible GHG emissions reduction targets when implementing the most effective measures for the period till 2030. Saving of gross GHG emission in 2030 at 2015 level or its reduction by 1.87–5.5 % is possible in case of implementation of a set of proposed measures. Package of comprehensive measures to improve energy efficiency and reduce GHG emission, first of all from motor transport based on balance of administrative, economic and mixed methods of the State regulation should be focused on introduction of carbon transport tax and norms of specific (per km of mileage) CO2 emission and fuel consumption of vehicles, as well as the redistribution of the passenger and freight transport work from road and air transport to less energy-intensive transport modes (water, rail, urban electric cycling).

Koszty zewnętrzne transportu w Polsce

The development of transport sector is very closely linked to the process of socio-economic development. The interrelations between transport and economic growth are complex and there are many feedbacks. Transport has a vital role – it brings the markets closer together, increases production, activates regions around the infrastructure, enabling other sectors to function smoothly. Transport is also the source of many significant negative externalities for the environment, society and economy. It also turns out that, despite many years of experience in the study of the external effects and costs of transport, there are still large discrepancies in approaches and research methods, as well as terminology and rules for defining the concepts. The aim of this article is to review available studies on the estimation of external costs and to estimate these costs for transport in Poland using methods recommended by the European Commission. Knowledge of the cost external of transport is the basis for the internalisation of these costs and it allow to choose the most effective transport policy instruments.

Growth of Transport Sector in Karnataka: An Analysis

<p class="Default">The significance of urban transport in India plays a major role in the reduction of poverty. Services and manufacturing industries particularly concentrate around major urban areas, and require efficient and reliable urban transport systems to move workers and connect production facilities to the logistics chain. In this regard due to the growth of IT sector in Bangalore, there has been an ongoing infrastructure investment in urban roads. With this background the present paper seeks to examine the growth and development of transport sector in Karnataka with special reference to Bangalore.</p>

The Funding of Modernization and Development of Transport Sector and its Infrastructure

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the existing approaches to the financing of transport infrastructure in the world and in Ukraine. It has been studied the model of financing of transport infrastructure in the OECD, the EU countries. The appropriate recommendations has been given to strengthen the processes of modernization in the transport infrastructure.

Forecasting of Energy and Petroleum Consumption by Motor Transport in the Regions of the Russian Federation

The paper offers the directions for the improvement of methodological approach to forecasting the energy consumption in transport, taking into account special features of Russian regions. The authors developed a multivariate model allowing to predict the motor vehicle rate specified for the regions of the Russian Federation depending on the economic, social and institutional features. We formalized the dynamic (trend) model for predicting the effectiveness of energy consumption per unit of the vehicle in Russia with details on Federal districts. In the study, in predicting the number of motor transport, the authors applied the methods of economic and mathematical simulation modelling based on the results of the econometric analysis for the calculation of the population having motor transport. In determining the potential specific energy consumption, we have aggregated trending patterns and convergence. The study has shown that by 2040, the number of passenger cars in Russia will grow to 57.1 million, and the total number of all types of road transport will grow by 14.9 million units to 66.2 million. The highest growth rates are predicted in the Central regions of Russia and in some areas of Siberia. The smallest growth rates are expected in the Chukotka Autonomous District, Kamchatka and Primorsky regions. Energy efficiency in transport and active introduction of alternative motor fuels, primarily methane, will reduce the consumption of gasoline and diesel fuel by motor transport. Thus, in the forecast period of 2018–2040, the consumption of petroleum products by motor transport will be reduced by 8.9 million tons: from 61,9 million tons of oil to 51.7 million tons of oil. The results of the study can be applied for the formulation of proposals on the creation of scientific and methodological apparatus to predict the development of transport sector and oil products supply in of the regions of Russia.

Electric Vehicles for Low Carbon Sustainable Development of Transport sector of Developing Asia

Transport sector is one of the largest contributors of energy related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally and is expected to grow 50 percent by 2050. Controlling GHG emission growth of transport sector is necessary in view of limiting the global temperature increase to below 2 degrees Celsius, agreed under Paris Agreement, to avoid extreme Climate Change effects. Further analysis reflects that Electric Vehicles (EV) have great role to play in limiting transport sector emissions. In view of various environmental, climate change and human health related benefits, electric vehicles (EV) is witnessing an increasing trend across the globe, specifically in the developed nations. However, the economics of electric vehicles as well as the physical issues such as charging infrastructure, dependence on grid connected power etc. put a constraint on the fast growth of such vehicles in both, developing and developed economies. Although the Asian developing economies typically have highest growth rate in terms of vehicles usage but due to economic or physical challenges they are unable to deploy the electric vehicles at a swift pace. The principle advantage of battery based electric vehicles is that they are zero-emission at point-of-use. It provides local environmental benefits including cleaner air and reduced noise in urban areas. Overall, EV contributes for the sustainable development of the transport sector and many developed countries have adopted such vehicles on a large scale. Global EV sales were 462,000 during 2015 and it is estimated that EVs will constitute 35% (41 million) of new car sales by 2040. According to the IEA estimates, the US (39%), Japan (16%) and China (12%) are currently the prominent EV stock holding markets globally. This paper includes discussion on various socio economic and environmental benefits of the electric vehicles along with the challenges of its promotion in the developing economies. Further, the paper will also cover the various models for socializing electric vehicles and better adoption as well as policy and other enablers that are crucial for its promotion.

Life cycle assessment of future electric and hybrid vehicles: A cradle-to-grave systems engineering approach

Electric mobility is playing an important and growing role in the context of sustainable transport sector development. This study presents the life cycle assessment of an electric car based on the technology of Lithium-ion battery (BEV) for Europe and compares it to an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV). According to a cradle-to-grave approach, manufacturing, use and disposal phases of both vehicles have been included in the assessment in order to identify the hot spots of the entire life cycles. For electric vehicles two manufacturing inventories have been analysed and different vehicle disposal pathways have also been considered. Furthermore, the environmental performances of hybrid vehicles have been analysed based on the life cycle models of the BEV and ICEV. The results of the hot spot analysis showed that the BEV manufacturing phase determined the highest environmental burdens mainly in the toxicity categories as a result of the use of metals in the battery pack. However, the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the BEV use phase were shown to be half than those recorded for the ICEV use phase. The trend of the results has also been investigated for future energy mixes: the electricity and diesel mixes for the year 2050 have been considered for the modelling of the use phase of BEV and ICEV.