Development Of Transport Infrastructure Research Articles

Spatial imaginaries and the politics of inter-regional transport infrastructure development in Northern England

ABSTRACT This article explores how relationships between policy actors at different scales, and their changing character over time, shape the production of spatial imaginaries and their use in transport infrastructure planning. Based on research on the planning of a major rail project in Northern England between 2011 and 2022, the article illustrates how spatial imaginaries reflect interactions between national, sub-national, regional and local institutions. Drawing on a programme of interviews with policy actors, the research highlights the tensions manifested in planning for transport infrastructure about which places are prioritized in policy, and the institutional influences shaping these decisions. The article develops understanding of how inter-scalar politics influences the production of spatial imaginaries and how these imaginaries are in turn utilized in support of transport infrastructure plans by policy actors at different spatial scales.

Вклад архитекторов и инженеров-строителей Петербургского университета путей сообщения в формирование транспортной и городской инфраструктуры БАМа

Purpose: to trace the contribution of scientists and staff of the departments of “Buildings”, “Architecture and industrial Aesthetics” to the development of transport and urban infrastructure of the Baikal-Amur mainline. Materials and methods: archival documents have been reviewed. A system analysis was performed and the chronological sequence of infrastructure projects was determined. Results: on the basis of archival data, settlements and railway stations were attributed, where the developments of the department’s staff were used for the first time, and infrastructure facilities were built by the university’s construction crews. For the first time, photographic materials of individual projects and production processes have been published. A retrospective look at the formation and development of BAM is presented. The time check of the operational characteristics of the erected buildings, laid down as a result of scientific and design developments of the departments of “Buildings”, “Architecture and industrial aesthetics” is analyzed. The practical significance of the article is in preserving memory and communication between generations. The materials of personal origin collected by the author’s team make it possible to expand the boundaries of research related to the study of historical memory of the late Soviet period and reconstruct a number of events when describing local identities of personalities in the context of architectural and construction activities of the staf f of the PSUPS.

Arctic Transport and Communication Initiative in the 21st century (using the Polar Silk Road Initiative as an example)

The Arctic transport and communication initiative of the 21st century, with the Chinese idea of the «Polar Silk Road» as an example, is considered as a concept of peaceful coexistence within the framework of achieving the «Common Future» of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. The Arctic concept is presented using the world-political approach of N. K. Kharlampieva, which highlights the conceptual components of international relations development at the level of strategic planning of economic, transport and communication processes at the regional and global levels. This approach made it possible to build a strategic structure: a) to study the development of transport communication in the Arctic as a methodology; b) to describe the basis for the development of the Arctic transport and communication infrastructure. In the context of a tense foreign policy situation, it is particularly important to focus on the development of transport communication between China and Russia, where the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals plays a special role in the development of the Arctic transport and communication infrastructure in the 21st century at the bilateral level.

PATHWAYS TO PROSPERITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND GHG EMISSIONS IN AZERBAIJAN IN THE CONTEXT OF COP 29

Ahead of Azerbaijan's hosting of COP 29, this paper examines the impacts of transport infrastructure investments in Azerbaijan on economic growth and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, using the data of the official reports of the Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the World Bank, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis tool was used to reveal the potential impact of investments in transportation infrastructure. The main essence of this study is to examine the strategic investment projects aimed at modernizing the transportation networks of Azerbaijan and its ambitious effects. The nation's vision is not limited to infrastructural development, but also strives to achieve sustainable progress by establishing itself as a global leader in promoting environmentally conscious activities. Through political certainty and international cooperation, Azerbaijan is trying to show itself as a leader in promoting sustainable development in the context of 29th Conference of the Parties (COP 29). The research aims to examine how the planned development of transport infrastructure drives economic progress with a focus on climate impacts. This article revealed the significant role of investments in transport infrastructure in fostering economic growth in Azerbaijan, particularly through positive effects on the non-oil GDP growth rate. However, it found that these investments did not lead to substantial reductions in GHG emissions, indicating a lack of corresponding environmental benefits. This underscores the complex interplay between infrastructure development and environmental sustainability, highlighting the necessity for a balanced approach in policy implementation.

Implementasi Pembangunan Infrastruktur di Desa Cinta Rakyat Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang

The development of housing infrastructure through individual participation and community participation in local communities becomes infrastructure that builds the economy of the Cinta Rakyat Village community. Currently, infrastructure development in Cinta Rakyat Village is experiencing good progress, driven by the local community's need for good infrastructure. This research is in accordance with qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. Qualitative research was chosen as the type of research used in this research. The choice of qualitative research is because there are several factors that take precedence in terms of elaborating and explaining a phenomenon to be studied. In qualitative research there is also more explaining, describing and more analysis using an inductive approach. The data collection techniques used by researchers are techniques from relevant sources. In this case, the focus of various in-depth reference sources is the presence of key informants who have previously been given access to provide in-depth questions related to the problem topic being researched. Infrastructure has an important role as one of the driving wheels of economic growth and the development of physical facilities and infrastructure or often referred to as infrastructure is a very important part of the public service system. Development of rural transportation infrastructure to support increased accessibility for rural communities.

Comprehensive social and medical security for Ukrainian migrant workers: Degree of protection

AbstractLabour migration is one of the features of the modern labour market. The development of transport infrastructure, the spread of non‐standard forms of employment, the globalization of all spheres of human activity and the growing unevenness of territorial development led to an increase in the mobility of the economically active population. In addition, various environmental disasters or military actions, such as the Russian Federation's war against Ukraine in February 2022, have an impact on the spread of migration. Labour migration undoubtedly contributes to the redistribution of labour and the efficiency of human capital. At the same time, like most other manifestations of a flexible labour market, labour migration poses a threat to weakening the social protection of workers, and therefore requires new, non‐standard approaches to the organization of social security. Several scientific methods were used to conduct the study, including general scientific approaches such as dialectic, analysis, synthesis, abstraction and analogy. In addition, specific legal methods were used, in particular, formal legal, comparative legal and systemic‐structural approaches. The purpose of this article is to study the current state of legislation and state policy on the social security of labour migrants. The aim is to identify existing problems and develop recommendations for their solution with the ultimate goal of improving the social protection of labour migrants.

Trans-Caspian International Transport Route: Kazakhstani Perspective on Challenges, Opportunities, and Prospects

The sustainable development of transport and logistics systems and projects is one factor for the successful development of states and an indicator of integration processes in certain regions, including Central Asia. This study is devoted to the analysis of some aspects of the diversification of the external transport and logistics infrastructure; namely, an assessment of the potential of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR) from the perspective of the Republic of Kazakhstan. While the route is useful for trade in multiple sectors, this paper will focus on the shipment of petroleum products via the TITR. Despite the absence of restrictions on the transit of goods to Europe through Russia, there are serious challenges to increasing the delivery time. The development of transport and logistics infrastructure is also relevant for Kazakhstan in the context of its new foreign policy role in the international arena to strengthen interregional cooperation. This requires serious attention and research into potentially promising routes. One of these routes is the TITR. Its development can significantly strengthen the economic position of Kazakhstan and strengthen its diplomatic potential. Along with this, there are several challenges and difficulties that need to be analyzed and overcome.

Analysis of the Transportation Infrastructure in Sierra Leone and its Impact on Local Commodities into the Market

Transportation infrastructure plays a crucial role in the economic development and growth of nations, facilitating trade and investment opportunities by enabling the movement of people, services, and goods across markets and regions. However, developing countries such as Sierra Leone face significant challenges in providing suitable transportation infrastructure to support logistics management. Inadequate upkeep, financial constraints, and limited access to technology hinder the development of transportation infrastructure in Sierra Leone. Consequently, logistics management, which involves the planning, implementation, and control of the movement of goods and services, is adversely affected, leading to delayed deliveries, increased costs, and decreased competitiveness in the global market. This study aims to analyze the state of transportation infrastructure in Sierra Leone and its impact on local commodities. To assess the impact of transportation infrastructure on local commodity supply in Sierra Leone, a qualitative approach was employed. The findings from the study reveal that poor transportation infrastructure particularly limited cold storage facilities along transportation routes can lead to the spoilage of perishable goods such as fruits and vegetables. The findings were supported by four important recommendations: investment in road maintenance and expansion, modernisation of port facilities, development of intermodal transportation hubs, and the promotion of public-private partnerships.

ЕКОЛОГІЧНІ РИЗИКИ ВПРОДОВЖ ЖИТТЄВОГО ЦИКЛУ АВТОМОБІЛЬНОЇ ДОРОГИ

Introduction. The conditions of economic development and social changes in Ukraine require accelerated development of road transport infrastructure, which includes the road industry, motor roads and facilities located on them. During the construction, operation and repair of motor roads, operating vehicles emit pollutants from fuel combustion products into the air, and generate noise and vibration. Pollution of soils, groundwater, and then water bodies can occur due to the deposition of pollutants and dust emitted from running car engines on the road surface, as well as dust from worn tires, road markings, car parts, the road surface itself, used industrial oil, oil leaks, and de-icing materials (in winter). Problem statement. Today, the country is faced with the task of actively working to modernize, expand and improve the entire road network. However, economic development and the scale of natural resource use should not be a hazard to ecological balance. Objective. Taking into account environmental aspects in the design and operation of the motor road and transport infrastructure facilities intended for its maintenance can lead to an increase in the service life of these structures, a decrease in energy and material consumption for their restoration. Materials and methods. The life cycle assessment method allows for a comprehensive approach that recognizes strategies to reduce environmental impacts throughout all stages of transport infrastructure facilities life cycle, from design to end of life (if there is no possibility of their further restoration).

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПІДВИЩЕНОЇ ДОВГОВІЧНОСТІ КОНСТРУКЦІЇ ДОРОЖНЬОГО ПОКРИТТЯ НА ЗАЛІЗОБЕТОННИХ АВТОДОРОЖНІХ МОСТАХ

Introduction. The pavement on reinforced concrete road bridges is one of the main structural elements of the structure, the technical condition of which affects the safety of the structure as a whole. The durability of the asphalt pavement is influenced by a number of factors, including the type of construction of the designed pavement, including the waterproofing coating, as well as the resistance of the structure to climatic factors and the effects of traffic. Problemstatement. Most of the highway bridges were built in the 60s and 80s of the 20th century. The artificial structures were designed in accordance with the regulations and technical specifications in force at the time, taking into account the prospects for the development of transport infrastructure and calculating the estimated traffic intensity of up to 20 thousand vehicles per day. However, over the last decade, the intensity and speed of road traffic has increased significantly, as well as the movement of heavy vehicles (mostly uncontrolled), especially in summer, when the air temperature fluctuates above +28 °C. In turn, this leads to excessive load on the bridge deck structures, including the asphalt pavement, which leads to its destruction (formation of cracks, potholes, sagging, rutting and other damage). Results. A technological scheme for the construction of a pavement with increased durability on reinforced concrete road bridges is presented.

“THE EMTRALD SWELL IS SPLASHING SO GENTLY ON YOU...”: EVERYDAY LIFE OF RESORT RESIDENTS IN THE CRIMEA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

The article examines various aspects of everyday life of holidaymakers in the Crimea in the initial period of the resort development on the peninsula. The sources are newspapers published in Sevastopol and other Crimean towns, guidebooks, memoirs of those who visited the Crimea in the period under study. The analysis shows a rather vivid picture of the life of resort residents and allows us to distinguish several layers of information: on the development of transport infrastructure and everyday travel details, accommodation options, accommodation and food prices, ways of spending leisure time. It is possible to trace a close connection between the evolution of living conditions of vacationers and the resort and recreational sphere as a whole and the economic and social development of the country. The creation of a network of railroads made the way to the Crimea cheaper and more convenient. In the early 20th century, recreation on the peninsula ceased to be elitist, and representatives of different social strata came here. The influx of resort guests caused the development of the entire tourist infrastructure: the number of hotels grew, the local population actively entered the market of relevant services, providing rented furnished rooms and sightseeing services. Guidebooks and memoirs show the role in the life of holidaymakers of such traditional entertainments as bathing in the sea and walks in the mountains, as well as the ways of their organization. Separate bathing of men and women was practiced both in bathing houses and on beaches. Group and individual excursions to historical sites were becoming more popular. The analysis of memoirs demonstrates that the level of service caused complaints from vacationers, who were not happy with the high level of prices at hotels, unkempt servants in restaurants, etc. However, the ever-increasing interest of the Russian society to the Crimea as a vacation destination contributed not only to the improvement of the quality of services, but also to the change of living conditions on the peninsula: villages and towns were transformed into comfortable settlements, which had all the attributes of civilization - electricity, post offices, pharmacies and hospitals.

Research of multimodal transport potential of major cities in China based on the satellite remote sensing

Abstract. By two or more modes of transportation to connect with each other and complete the transport process, multimodal transport could significantly improve transport efficiency, reduce costs, while promote energy conservation and emission reduction, compared with the traditional single mode of transport. Therefore, the multimodal transport development reflects the level of national or regional economic development to some extent. In this study, multimodal transport potential index was built to evaluate the possibility of multimodal transport. Remote sensing images from satellites were used to extract roads, railway stations and airports. A method was proposed to derive the road-rail transport potential index and road-air transport potential index, and then for the analysis of multimodal transport potential in 36 cities. Results show that there is a big gap among 36 cities on the development potential of road-rail and road-air transport. Compared with the road-rail transport potential index, the distribution of road-air transport potential index is more consistent among and within the seven regions. Index values of megacity and super cities are much higher than type I and II big cities. Moreover, in the 36 cities, there is a positive correlation between the multimodal transport potential index and GDP. The research results could be used to quantitatively evaluate the development of transport infrastructure, consequently provide more solid and reliable basic information for the planning, design and scheme adjustment of multimodal transport, thus comprehensively improve the efficiency and quality of multimodal transport, serve the territorial spatial planning.

Do Factor Misallocations Affect Food Security? Evidence from China

The reasonable allocation of grain production factors is of vital importance to food security and agricultural development. To assess the impact of agricultural factor misallocation on food security, this paper, based on the panel data from China spanning from 2005 to 2019, conducted a comprehensive evaluation of agricultural factor misallocation and food security coefficients across 31 provinces in China, using a spatial Durbin model to examine the effects of factor misallocations on food security. The findings are as follows: (1) Production factor misallocation has significant negative impacts on food security, among them, capital misallocation and labor misallocation inhibiting food security in the local and neighboring areas, and land misallocation has a significant negative impact on food security in local areas, while its spatial spillover effect is no longer significant. (2) Mechanism analysis shows that capital misallocation and labor misallocation hinder the development of transportation infrastructure and the transfer of rural labor, thereby reducing food security. Land misallocation has accelerated the construction of transportation infrastructure, promoted the migration of rural labor, and helped ensure food security. (3) The regional heterogeneity test reveals that capital misallocation and labor misallocation hinder food security in major grain-producing areas and both sides of the Hu Huanyong Line (Hu Line). Meanwhile, land misallocation hinders food security development in various grain-producing areas, as well as the southeast of the Hu Line. Based on the above conclusions, this paper proposes suggestions to improve the efficiency of land and labor resource allocation, accelerate the construction of transportation infrastructure, and encourage the transfer speed of surplus agricultural labor.

Debating on Transport Corridors of Azerbaijan in the Context of Globalization

This paper investigates the impact of globalization on transportation corridors in Azerbaijan, which are strategically located to serve as hubs for crossroads between north-south and east-west trade. The main hypothesis is that globalization has had a significant impact on transportation corridors in Azerbaijan, resulting in greater connectivity and trade flows within the region. The recent triumph over Armenia has resulted in significant changes in the region, enhancing Azerbaijan's reputation. Alongside the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and the imposition of sanctions on Russia and Iran, Azerbaijan has emerged as a secure passage between these influential powers. Furthermore, the rising demands for major international trade routes have created a pressing need for Azerbaijan to enhance its capabilities to effectively meet these growing requirements. According to the World Systems Theory, semi-periphery countries play the role of bridges between core and periphery states. Globalization has led to Azerbaijan's integration into the global economic system as a semi-peripheral country. This has resulted in increased trade and investment, which in turn has led to the development of transportation infrastructure and the expansion of transportation networks.

MECHANISMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITIES IN THE URALS FEDERAL DISTRICT IN THE CONTEXT OF SANCTIONS RESTRICTIONS

The Ural Federal District (UrFO) is one of the most important economic administrativeterritorial units of the Russian Federation. The main branches of specialization of the Ural Federal District are oil and gas production, mining, metallurgy and mechanical engineering. In recent years, the region has faced significant difficulties due to economic sanctions imposed by Western countries. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to analyze the foreign trade activities of the Ural Federal District and develop mechanisms for its development. The tasks of the Ural Federal District include to determine the trade structure, main consumers and suppliers in order to identify the most affected sectors of foreign trade activities from the imposed sanctions; to develop mechanisms for the development of foreign trade activities of the Ural Federal District in relation to each of the regions that make up it. The study revealed that in 2021 the Ural Federal District's foreign trade relations were mainly with unfriendly countries, which currently restrict exports and imports of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the peculiarities of the region, the author proposed the following mechanisms for the development of foreign trade activities of the Ural Federal District: export diversification, orientation to hightech industries, development of transport and digital infrastructure, promotion of small and medium-sized export-oriented enterprises, state support.

Роль политических институтов в экономическом развитии Юга России в условиях новой реальности

Introduction. Ineffective resolution of economic problems by political institutions can jeopardize a country’s technological sovereignty in the face of existing geopolitical challenges. The purpose of the article is to identify areas for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of political institutions from the point of view of ensuring the economic security of the southern Russian regions, considering the challenges of socio-economic development that exist for them. Methodology and methods. This study centers on the Southern Federal District, which acts as an administrative entity responsible for implementing regional-level economic policies. The research utilized content analysis of scientific publications and comparative analysis of regional socio-economic indicators of economic development as part of implementing economic policy. The method for analyzing the influence of political institutions on economic development was based on the principle of balancing the combination of tactical and strategic decisions in assessing the effectiveness of implemented measures and was based on the basic principles of the theory of factors of production. Analysis. An analysis of the results of the economic policy pursued in the southern Russian regions showed that a relatively high level of resistance to sanctions challenges is ensured mainly by the export capabilities of agricultural products. However, the continued high level of import dependence on production increases the risk of conflict over the use of production factors between exportoriented companies and companies oriented to the domestic market, which creates significant threats to the implementation of national growth models. The turn of state economic policy towards the global East and South poses the tasks of the authorities of the southern Russian regions to develop transport infrastructure, as well as state support for companies participating in the construction of new production and supply chains. At the same time, increasing migration flows from border areas requires solving the problem of ensuring the socio-economic well-being of both the people moving and the host community. Results. It was found that the existing political risks to the economic development of southern Russian regions are associated with a lack of balance between the political decisions made and the strategic objectives of achieving technological sovereignty. It is concluded that the conditions of modern economic reality require economic and political mobilization to achieve value consensus and consolidation in society in order to solve the problems of economic development, implemented through the responsibility and patriotic position of political and economic elites at all levels of government. Authors’ contribution. I.V. Mitrofanova: development and justification of the concept; interpretation and synthesis of research results; O.A. Chernova: formation of methodology; development of research design; content analysis; formulation of conclusions.

ECONOMIC AND FUNCTIONAL DIMENSIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

Under current conditions of growing interdependence of national economies, global supply chains are being transformed and trade flows are being reoriented. The dynamics and scale of these processes are largely determined by the efficiency of international transport corridors. Investments in transport corridors have a significant multiplier effect on the entire economy by stimulating the development of transport and logistics and related sectors of the economy, creating a growing demand in labour markets, and developing global value chains, international production, trade and logistics networks. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of international transport corridors on the development of territories at the national and regional levels. The use of descriptive statistics allowed to assess the impact of international transport corridors on the level of economic development, trade openness and foreign trade volumes based on the analysis of data from 121 countries. The links between the zones of influence of international transport corridors and other functional types of territories in Ukraine were investigated. The territorial coefficient of environmental load in the context of Ukrainian regions was calculated. The results of the study will be useful for both researchers in the field of logistics and transport infrastructure development and policymakers in the field of transport and economic policy.

Penegakan Hukum Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas Merokok Saat Berkendara Oleh Satuan Lalu Lintas Polresta Bukittinggi

The development of road transport infrastructure has an important role in supporting economic activities, but on the other hand it gives rise to various problems regarding traffic law violations, accidents, etc. To prevent this, law enforcement officers are needed who have the authority and responsibility for state security and order, namely the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia as stated in their main duties, namely Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia. Motor vehicle accident cases that occur in Indonesia have attracted a lot of public attention. One of them is caused by the driver not focusing when driving the vehicle. An action that is often carried out by motorbike riders is smoking while driving. There are already regulations prohibiting smoking while driving, which are contained in the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2019 Article 6C. The research will analyze the law enforcement process for smoking while driving traffic violations by the Bukittinggi Police Traffic Unit and its obstacles and efforts to overcome these obstacles. This research includes library research, the approach method is empirical juridical, in the real sense and examines the law in society and how the law relates to society. The data required is primary and secondary data, collected through interviews, documents and literature review. The results of the research show that the public does not yet have the awareness of smoking-free driving, while the law enforcement provided by the police is only limited to warnings, this makes drivers continue to commit traffic violations due to the lack of strict law enforcement provided. Even though the regulations exist, law enforcement is still weak, in terms of community habits and law enforcement officers.

Developing urban infrastructure constructions for increasing e-commerce sales: the moderating roles of aging population

PurposeThe aging population, a higher proportion of older adults (aged 65+), is considered a global and severe problem, while the information systems (IS) literature on detecting the relationship between the aging population and the development of electronic commerce (e-commerce) is limited and insufficient. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to examine whether an aging population can moderate the effect of infrastructure constructions on e-commerce sales and whether an aging population can affect e-commerce sales.Design/methodology/approachTo investigate the relationship between the aging population and e-commerce sales, this study proposes two potential influential mechanisms: moderating the effects of infrastructure development on e-commerce sales and direct influence. Subsequently, a sample of 31 Chinese provinces from 2013 to 2019 is utilized to conduct regression analyses in order to examine these hypotheses.FindingsThe findings suggest that the development of urban transportation infrastructure and network constructions can significantly contribute to the enhancement of e-commerce sales, and the influence cannot be affected by aging population. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that an aging population can have a positive effect on e-commerce sales.Practical implicationsThe findings can inform future infrastructure constructions by assessing the potential of infrastructure projects to boost e-commerce sales and examining whether this effect varies in an aging population context.Originality/valueThe findings substantiate the pivotal role of older adults in the e-commerce industry. Moreover, the obtained results establish a positive relationship between an aging population and e-commerce sales, thereby offering diverse perspectives on existing theories.

Stabilization of Loose Soils as Part of Sustainable Development of Road Infrastructure

In the context of growing demand for road infrastructure expansion, sustainability is of key importance. Enhancing road construction technology ensures efficient, durable transportation infrastructure, vital for economic growth. Responsible road construction, especially in areas of historical and environmental significance, is essential. Preserving ecosystems and local heritage in road planning protects valuable areas and supports regional sustainability. Rural roads, often in forested areas, should maintain natural aesthetics. Economic challenges require flexible, efficient roads. Many existing unpaved roads, especially in rural and forest environments, fail to meet increasing traffic and load of heavy agricultural and maintenance vehicles. Soil stabilization methods, discussed in various publications, offer sustainable solutions. Research on ecofriendly binding additives provides the opportunity to reduce cement consumption and CO2 emissions. Such innovations enhance road efficiency, reduce maintenance costs, and benefit the environment. Investing in modern road technologies mitigates climate change effects by reducing emissions and protecting ecosystems. Our research indicates that soil stabilization technologies significantly improve road strength and durability. Additives can increase compressive strength by over 50% with minimal cement content. Continued research into road quality and durability is vital for sustainable transport infrastructure development. The results presented in this paper were obtained after two periods of solidification: after 7 and 30 days, with three types of ads (ion-exchangeable, chemical, and polymeric) to cement. In all tests, compaction strength improved by at least 35% in samples with the lowest cement content.