Development Of Trade Activities Research Articles

Управленческий учет маркетинговых затрат в торговле

Currently, trade is rapidly developing in Russia. Large commercial intermediary firms-distributors, dealers, traders come to the market, as well as large trading giants-supermarkets, nonspecialized stores with a wide range of goods offered, which benefit from cooperating with wholesale companies. The main problems slowing down the development of trade activities in Russia are recognized as absence or lack of working capital, financing, qualified personnel, premises for storing goods and high rents, poor information support and imperfect regulatory regulation of trade activities, tough competition, etc. Under these conditions, high-quality management of the activities of any economic entity is impossible. The introduction of an effective system of management accounting for marketing expenses is strongly needed. The emergence of a new object in management accounting - marketing costs - determines the need to prepare new tools for their recognition, evaluation, and development of new key indicators for managing these objects. In the context of digitalization of trade, the latest technologies are being invented and the basic principles of doing business are changing. To assess the satisfaction of buyers (customers, clients), as a percentage of the total number of buyers, a number of indicators are calculated. Availability of information concerning the degree of customer satisfaction facilitates the work of planning and forecasting demand, income and expenses of a trading organization. Accounting and analytical support (AAS) for managing marketing costs helps improve the effectiveness of this area of the company’s marketing policy and includes 3 main blocks: accounting and reporting, analytical block and planning. Retro discounts and future discounts are recognized as marketing tools for stimulating sales. Formation of a budget for marketing costs provides the process of drawing up forecasts for the amounts of income, expenses and profits from marketing activities, minimizing costs in the process of achieving marketing goals.

Tinjauan Hukum terhadap Generic Terms dalam Perlindungan Merek

The development of trade activities in goods and services in Indonesia has increased quite significantly due to developments in information and transportation technology which have caused activities in the trade sector in the creation of works for goods and services to experience rapid development. One form of law protection called intellectual property rights, namely trademarks. Through this research, we will discuss legal reflections on general terms which are one of several conditions that are prohibited when submitting an application for trademark name registration. This research method uses a normative method with research specifications, namely analytical descriptive using a case approach that examines Verdict Number 85/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Merek/2022/PN. Niaga.Jkt.Pst. The aim of this research is to provide knowledge to the public who are prospective trademark registrants to know the criteria for brand names that can be registered or cannot be registered, in this case regarding brands that contain elements of generic terms. The conclusion proves that a generic term is a meaning that refers to a group of products or terms that are common among consumers or the public. Supposedly, brands registered using generic terms or general terms that are part of the public domain cannot pass or go through the substantive examination stage in the trademark examination process. This needs to be prevented because if the trademark application is granted, inquiries can give the trademark owner monopoly rights over the use of the trademark so that the trademark cannot compete effectively.

Theoretical aspects of using marketplaces in business promotion and export activities

Aim. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main aspects of the use of marketplaces for the development of export activities of various business entities in our country, as well as to identify promising directions for improving such activities in modern conditions.Objectives. Definition of the essence of the concept of “marketplaces”; research of their role in the development of the system of trade relations in our country; analysis of the significance of marketplaces in the development of the system of promotion and export of modern companies.Methods. Both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction, deduction, etc.) in their totality and a group of special scientific methods were used in the preparation of the research. The latter include statistical analysis, analysis of dynamics, monographic analysis, etc.Results. Within the framework of modern practice of organizing the activities of various business entities, considerable attention today is paid to the issues of the most effective development of electronic commerce. This is due to the fact that it is at the expense of e-commerce that significant opportunities for increasing sales volume and, consequently, net profit are formed. In the long term, the development of electronic commerce allows to provide an almost complete “transition to a new format of work” of entrepreneurs, as well as to significantly reduce the volume of transaction costs due to the opportunities provided by modern companies involved in the functioning of electronic commerce.Conclusions. Today, in order to develop the activities of many trading companies, considerable attention should be paid to the practice of using the services and opportunities of various marketplaces as part of the promotion and development of export activities. This is due to the fact that such sites can provide significant opportunities for further development of trade activities. The above-mentioned opportunities to improve the practice of promotion and export activities should be taken into account both in the development of cooperation with online trading platforms and in the process of forming strategies for the development of marketplaces suppliers.

Perlindungan Konsumen E-Commerce Dalam Kerangka Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (MEA)

The development of information technology with the transformation that occurs has resulted in the development of trading activities. It's not just about what is traded but also the method of trading. The trading method in question is a transaction through electronic media or what is known as electronic commerce or e-commerce. The development of e-commerce is in line with the growth of the internet. This is because e-commerce runs through the internet network. The presence of the ASEAN Economic Community (EAC) is an integration of countries in the Southeast Asian region in particular, which aims to reduce the gap between ASEAN countries in terms of economic growth. In addition to the positive impact of e-commerce trading, there are also problems, including those related to defaults that occur in the future. So that clear regulations are needed regarding dispute resolution between ASEAN member countries.

Theoretical and organizational aspects of optimization of activities of trade enterprises based on the logistic approach

Introduction. Trade enterprises aim to meet consumer demand and, as a result, make a profit. Uncertainty of the external environment and the presence of a number of different problems in the economic activity of trade enterprises necessitates a revision of approaches to the formation of trade and technological processes and their optimization based on the use of modern logistics tools.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to justify the need for the use of logistic tools in organizing trade and technological processes at trade enterprises, to identify the relevant stages of the implementation of logistics, the specificity of the main elements of the trading process.Methods. To establish and identify the constituent elements of trade and technological processes, the study used analytical empiricism with an emphasis on the logistic approach, which allows the formation of effective trading activities based on the optimization of logistic processes. The study used the method of assessment and generalization to develop and substantiate proposals aimed at the development of trading activities on a logistical basis. results. A conceptual approach to the introduction of logistics at trade enterprises has been formed taking into account the possibilities of optimizing the movement of goods based on high-quality information support for goods flows and their material and financial support. The study substantiates that the effective development of a trading company is possible by combining two important components of the process: a set of trading and technological processes, which are a totality of logistic operations for selling goods to customers and management of trade and technological processes. The result of the study is also the authentication of the stages of the formation of the logistics system and the development of the trading company, creating opportunities for the development of subsystems for managing its productivity, including through the use of modern information systems and platforms. Discussion. In this context, perspective direction of further research is the development of methods of analysis of actual indicators, research of components of formation of information support of reengineering of trade and technological processes of trade enterprises with use of modern software products and their resource potential.

РОЗВИТОК ТА РІВЕНЬ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ТОРГОВЕЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ РОЗДРІБНОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ УКРАЇНИ

Розвиток торговельної діяльності відбувається у відповідності до діючої Концепції розвитку внутрішньої торгівлі України. Швидкими темпами змінюються споживчі уподобання, асортиментна кон’юнктура, розширення впливу географічних та видових можливостей представлених товарів. Здійснений аналіз внутрішніх змін в обсягах товарообороту підприємств в розрізі товарних груп, господарюючих суб’єктів на рівні країни та окремих її регіонів дозволив аргументувати та обґрунтував важливість дотримання сукупності принципів організації торгівлі, рівноваги попиту і пропозиції, купівельної спроможності, економічної обґрунтованості та окупності. Використані методи авторських узагальнень, аналітично-статистичних розрахунків, порівнянь дозволили систематизувати цифровий матеріал дослідження та обґрунтувати висновки щодо стану та динаміки розвитку торговельної діяльності України, а також Хмельницької області, як одного з її регіонів. Проведене дослідження акцентує увагу на мережевому маркетингу, як однієї з форм розвитку і удосконалення торгівлі та визначення необхідної номенклатури і вузьких місць в діяльності суб’єктів торгівлі, в тому числі ринків. Аргументовано перспективність використання електронної комерції (купівлі-продажу), що значно розширює можливості здійснення торговельної діяльності як для покупців, так і підприємств торгівлі. Пропонується враховувати вплив демографічної безпеки, як одного з чинників, що формує товарну політику країни та її експортний потенціал. Визначено, що вплив на збільшення показників товарообороту має екстенсивний фактор зростання цін на спожиті товари, що певним чином вносить викривлення у сприйняття цифрової інформації. Використання інноваційних технологій, сучасних методів прийняття управлінських рішень у сфері маркетингу, логістики дозволяє удосконалювати процес торгівлі, задовольняти попит споживачів і забезпечувати ефективність підприємств торговельної сфери діяльності.

Environmental Influences on Trade Activities in the 19th Century East Coast Sumatra

This study examines the factors supported on the relationship between environmental or regional conditions affected the development of trading activities. To examine this problem, historical methods are used which include four stages, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Meanwhile, this study used a geostrategic and geopolitical approach. The result shows that the dynamic trade activity in the East Sumatra Region in the 19th century was inseparable from the strategic regional position which faces directly to the Malacca Strait which is the center of the largest maritime economic activity in the Southeast Asian region as well as connecting the 'world' from the east and west. Therefore, geopolitically, there were many forces fighting over the region including the Sumatra coastal area which importantly become the hinterland area for the international trading commodity, especially to Asia and Europe. It was evidenced by a large number of foreign investors developing tea plantations in the East Sumatra region which then stimulated the growth of ports in the coastal regions of East Sumatra with very dynamic trading activities.

TRADE ECONOMIC COOPERATION OF KOSOVO WITH THE WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES

With the rapid development of manufacturing forces, national markets are becoming very small, while the need for economic cooperation between countries is becoming ever greater. Economic and trade cooperation between countries is the only way for small countries to benefit from large markets. Viewed from the aspect of transition countries, this collaboration offers domestic producers the opportunity to link to global chains. For a small and new country like Kosovo, good economic and trade relations with neighboring countries are of great importance. Free trade with the countries of the region is of the utmost importance for Kosovo because it not only allows the import of raw materials and products that are not produced domestically, but it also provides potential markets for its exports. However, we recognize the fact that in terms of carrying out trade activities in relation to other countries, Kosovo faces a continuing problem that is the trade balance deficit as a result of its dependence on imports and as a result of its, in development constraints of exports. Kosovo is the smallest country in the region due to its size, but also by its economic and trade impact in the region. It is characterized by a lack of domestic economic development, namely with lack of the manufacturing sector and industry, and as a result, it can not satisfy domestic demand, which the demand is then forced to cover mainly by imports, by thus affecting the growth of the trade balance deficit.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the trends in Kosovo's foreign trade through various data published by relevant institutions, in order to look at the directions and trends in the development of trade activities with other countries, mainly with the countries of the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia) and to seen the importance of this economic and trade cooperation. Based on this database and the comparisons made over the years, conclusions are drawn regarding the current trade conditions between Kosovo and these countries, their economic relations within CEFTA and the EU and their long-term economic orientation. Given the unfavorable trade situation in the region, it is necessary for the Balkan countries to strengthen their friendly bridges and to increase economic cooperation with a view to the mutual development of trade. This will most certainly contribute to an accelerated economic development for these countries as well as to improving the relations of the countries of the region. Creating a good relationship between the countries of the region is also the main goal of CEFTA, which enables the creation of a free trade zone for the Western Balkan countries. The path to prosperity for the Western Balkans depends on the progress of regional and international economic integration by linking with global markets through trade, transport, and investment.

KONTRIBUSI IRWAN ABDULLAH DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KEILMUAN ISLAM DI BIDANG MODERNISASI EKONOMI

From Invan Abdullah’s research, we can a very interesting phenomenon, namely, that Muslim traders in Jatinom (a small town in Klaten, Central Java) can replace the position of Chinese traders and be successful traders until now. To know about their success, Irwan Abdullah conducted a research by studying three interrelated factors: (l) the role of religion in supporting trading activities; (2) trading as a part of broader economic system and as an important factor; and (3) the change of socialreligious factor and social-economic factor in Jatinom Muslim trader society that really cannot be separated from the local political context. According to him, the political structure at the time when economy develops and its changes determine much the development of trading activities. The contributions of this research to Islamic science are: (1) giving the explanation of religion role in supporting human life activities, in this context, trading activities, both concerning with obvious economic behavior of the Muslim traders and the community's response to economic activities; (2) explaining that the role of religion in the process of thinking reformation can lead human behavior, that is, the traders’ economic behavior, and can also influence the way people accept economic activities and trading as a part of their lives.