Development Of Spatial Data Infrastructure Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE ISSUE OF CREATING A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

This article is devoted to the analysis of currently existing domestic geoportals with open / free access. The analysis allows to identify the problems and prospects for the development of spatial data infrastructure in the Republic of Kazakhstan, to note the features of geoportals, to show the possibilities of geoportal technologies for solving a variety of management tasks in various fields of activity. The results of the study will be used to implement the integration of a geographic information system and elements of 3D visualization of geological objects.

Challenges and Issues in Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Development in Iraq

This paper addresses the nature of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), considered as one of the most important concepts to ensure effective functioning in a modern society. It comprises a set of continually developing methods and procedures providing the geospatial base supporting a country’s governmental, environmental, economic, and social activities. In general, the SDI framework consists of the integration of various elements including standards, policies, networks, data, and end users and application areas. The transformation of previously paper-based map data into a digital format, the emergence of GIS, and the Internet and a host of online applications (e.g., environmental impact analysis, navigation, applications of VGI data, governmental efficiency drives) have led to huge leaps forward in SDI development. However, SDI progress can be held back by numerous challenges, both technical and non-technical. The paper outlines these challenges from the perspective of the country of Iraq, where there is an absence of a clear direction towards efficient SDI operation and a lack of knowledge for establishing and managing effective SDI. These challenges could be met by considering and resolving generic issues, identified by the experiences of other nations, by researchers, and by organisations. These issues are investigated and assessed by means of a questionnaire survey and interviews, directed towards important participants in the field of SDI development in the country. The results present the SDI issues in order of relevance to assist developers and users in solving potential SDI and data integration problems within Iraq.

Structured Land Domain Modeling for Sustainable Land Administration in Sri Lanka

Developing countries face challenges in identifying suitable land due to insufficient administration systems, leading to governance issues and economic decline. A well-functioning land administration system is crucial for development. This technical paper elaborates an easy pathway to develop a local land administration Domains toward an effective and efficient Land Administration. Introduction of Land Fabric Domain (LFD) and the Localized Land Domains (LLD), are new concept for structuring of land parcels at comparatively low accuracy but well-defined topologically adjusted feature classes to manipulate as electronic information base to sustain the national land administration, real estate management and spatial data infrastructure development. The system architecture designs and the descriptive feature class overview elaborate the land administration system developers to begin their own LLD systems and interactive collaboration with national domains in order to manage overall system compatibility and consistency. The research focuses on the land information system (LIS) currently maintained and operated by the Survey Department and national issues in sustainable land administration of the country. Research focuses to analyze the prevailing process and outcomes of the LIS and introduces possible successive system architectures for implementation. The introductory LFD will be discussed against the feature topology on the basis of geospatial data science and then detailed feature classification will further be discussed accommodating entity relation diagrams. Proposed LLD with process architecture models will be conceptualized for successive implementation. The localized land domains will be structured and interactively linked through national LADM ISO-19152 guidelines for sustainable land administration of the country.

Управление метагеосистемами региона на основе идентификации, анализа и мониторинга рисков

The article presents a solution to the problem of introducing spatial data infrastructures (SDI) and geoportal systems as a tool for solving the problem of integration, distribution and visualization of geospatial information. The role of geoportals is proved as a tool to support managerial decision-making in the field of ensuring the conditions for sustainable development. It is proposed to organize the SDI implementation process on the basis of identification, analysis and monitoring of risks. The risk management process can be integrated into the process of iterative implementation and use of the SDI as an input to the requirements analysis stage. The results of assessing the strength of risk events make it possible to form a set of controllable risks in the management of territorial systems. In this case, the results of the risk assessment stage become the starting point in solving the problem of designing functional and qualitative requirements for the infrastructure of spatial data as a tool for managing spatially distributed systems. The solution of the problem of optimizing the processes of using spatial data for solving management problems should be focused on achieving the target effects of SDI, while assessing and controlling the resource intensity and complexity of management processes. It is shown that an important feature of the approach is the focus on flexible organization of the process of developing geoinformation systems. The solution to the problem of effective iterative development of SDI is possible based on the observance of the SOLID principles, which determine the expediency of implementing the basic principles of object-oriented programming and design.

Formation of regional infrastructure of spatial data on the territory of Chelyabinsk region

The article outlines the main provisions of work on formation of the regional segment of the spatial data infrastructure of the Russian Federation on the territory of Chelyabinsk region. For this purpose, the author studied the needs of ministries and departments in spatial data, the problems of spatial data infrastructure (SDI) and ways to solve them, and also the main works of the subjects of the Russian Federation on the formation of the regional segment of SDI. The features and the model of the regional SDI were proposed, taking into account the main measures for the creation and development of SDI in Chelyabinsk region.

GeoCloud4SDI: a cloud enabled open framework for development of spatial data infrastructure at city level

GeoCloud4SDI: a cloud enabled open framework for development of spatial data infrastructure at city level

Investigating an agent based modelling approach for SDI planning: A case study of Tanzania NSDI development

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) provides a platform for spatial data sharing and is a key for sustainable development. Developing countries, including Tanzania, are at different stages of implementing SDIs. The importance and advantage of implementation lie in the fact that considerable funds can be saved by avoiding duplication of data, and improving quality of decisions making as well as public services. However, SDI is very complex in nature, including many influencing factors and different stakeholders. This paper investigates the possibilities of using Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) for simulating an SDI development process in Tanzania, for better understanding and making better planning. The roles and actions of organizations were identified through interviews, and the results were analysed. The behaviour of individual organizations (stakeholders) while interacting with the system were observed and analysed. The growth results in terms of data availability, standards, and data sharing for each organization were plotted and priority tables were generated. The model was evaluated for consistency and the results were judged to be within a reasonable range. The ABM simulation depicted the main attributes of agents, their roles and their interactions while pursuing SDI development in Tanzania. The results will help SDI planners and stakeholders to understand the roles of partners and prioritize activities and actions for successful SDI implementation.

Використання картографічних продуктів при створенні національних реєстрів культурної спадщини

Goal. The goal of this paper is to consider the European and Ukrainian experience of using cartographic products in the development of national registers of the material cultural heritage (CH). Also, to identify the approach most appropriate for Ukraine. Methodology. It was previously proved that the current, feasible and “correct” model of the development of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) of Ukraine should be product-process. This model is used in the analysis of European and Ukrainian experience. Results. Two approaches to the organization of such national registers have been set. The first can be called classical, according to which the registers must correspond to the product model of the development of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). The second can be called non-classical, because the created registers must correspond to the process and more advanced models of SDI development. Scientific novelty. It has been proved for the first time that the future electronic State Register of the material CH of Ukraine must correspond to the product-process model of NSDI. Practical value. The obtained results can be used in the development of a real electronic State Register of the material CH of Ukraine. They are especially important for concept development of the future system.

The development of a spatial data infrastructure to support marine spatial planning in Greece

Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) has been recognized as an essential tool for reducing the increasing pressures on marine and coastal areas (resulting from human activities and competition) and contributing to sustainable development. Therefore, during the last years many countries have initiated MSP processes towards the implementation of Maritime Spatial Strategies and Marine Spatial Plans. However, a prerequisite for the coordinated and effective MSP is the provision of high-quality spatial data to the responsible parties and the public, through appropriate and easy-to-use tools. This can be succeeded by the development of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) that enables the organization of spatial datasets and their distribution through the web. In this paper we propose a development framework and present the actions taken for the implementation of a Marine SDI to support MSP in Greece, and discuss the lessons learned from our so-far experience.

SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI) IN OMAN AND QATAR – CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES

Abstract. Urban infrastructure deals with various objects, such as multi-floor buildings, underground utilities, and other typical two-dimensional (2D) geographic information system (GIS) objects. Currently, Oman and Qatar authorities attempt to manage and handle all these spatial objects and features via spatial data infrastructure (SDI). Qatar has a long tradition of applying SDI, while Oman has made rapid progress in building SDI according to the current practices in this field. Governments in both countries work toward smart cities and e-government to meet the fourth industrial revolution requirements. Current literature, indicate that SDI could be considered a major building block for such smart initiatives in the near future. This paper describes the status and challenges of developing SDI (including 3D SDI) for Oman and Qatar. We anticipated these 2D and 3D SDI initiatives would eventually provide future direction for the smart city and e-government. The current status and challenges form major discussions of this paper. It also discusses 3D SDI development. This paper ends by describing a framework for implementing the 3D SDI. The outcomes could significantly improve the awareness for developing 3D SDI in Oman and Qatar.

Обеспечение геоинформационной связности территории на основе развития инфраструктуры пространственных данных

One of the directions of the Strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Fed-eration, which ensures the connectivity of the territory through the creation of intelligent transport and telecommunication systems, is considered. It is proposed to introduce an integral part into the struc-ture of this direction – geoinformation connectivity of the territory. The dependence of geoinfor-mation connectivity on the level of spatial data provision of the country's territory is substantiated. It is stated that timely geoinformation provision can be achieved through the development of the state spa-tial data infrastructure. The problematic issues of geoinformation connectivity of the state territory and the formation of the state spatial data infrastructure to ensure the connectivity of the territory are iden-tified. It is established that the most successful and systematic construction and development of spatial data infrastructure is carried out within the framework of defense activities with the constant im-provement of the unified automated system for providing geospatial information (EASO GPI). In the conditions of sanction measures and technological isolation, in order to achieve a stable and complete geoinformation connectivity of the territory, the necessity of creating an independent state spatial data infrastructure based on the adaptation and development of a functioning EASO GPI is determined.

Geoportal for highways as a basic element of spatial data infrastructure

This article is devoted to the development of geographic information systems, WEB-mapping and information integration into the spatial data infrastructure (SDI). The analysis of the history of the creation of spatial data infrastructure in the world community and in Russia is carried out, the specifics of the development of Web-GIS and SDI are revealed. As part of the study, the analysis of the world experience of using the Web-GIS of highways, as well as the current state of applied geoinformation systems in Russia was carried out. The key issue considered in the article is the development of the architecture of a Web GIS (geoportal) of highways for the purposes of accounting, analysis and systematization of spatial data. The main features of the formation of systems for recording data on highways are determined, the main tasks solved by these systems are given. The automobile road is a complex and lengthy object, which should become the spatial basis for the development of spatial data infrastructure in Russia. A block diagram of the main modules of the geoportal has been developed and proposed. The main functionalities implemented at each stage of the Web GIS operation are highlighted. As a result of the implementation of the proposed architecture of the geoportal, a system of analysis, systematization and management of spatial data of a road enterprise was introduced. The use of a geoportal significantly affects the optimization of the performance of various works on highways. Also, the result of the work (Web-GIS) can be implemented as a system for analysis, accounting and systematization of data on other extended linear objects (power lines, gas pipelines, water pipelines, etc.). A user interface of a geoportal, a structure for storing spatial data, modules for transforming coordinates and information, blocks for loading, analyzing and unloading data have been developed. The proposed architecture is versatile and easy to use, which is a clear advantage over the analog systems described in the study. Further study of the research topic opens up prospects for the rapid development of integrated geoinformation software tools on the Internet and a deeper understanding of the need to develop spatial data infrastructure.

A Theoretical Proposition for Spatial Data Infrastructure On-Going Improvement

The past three decades have seen technology become ubiquitous and impact on many fields academically and in professional practice. In geo-information, data acquisition and management have manifested through technologies such as global positioning systems, remote sensing, geographical information systems, unmanned aerial vehicles and improved photogrammetric processes. With all these improved technological capabilities, geospatial data collection, processing and dissemination have become possible in greater proportions. To reap from this technological boom, the geospatial information community has come up with a pervasive and network enabling concept called spatial data infrastructure (SDI). Over the years, several countries have embraced the SDI concept to shape policy, build and share geospatial information resources. Some levels of successes have been reported in number of developed countries while developing countries have struggled. For instance, in 2010, SDI state of play assessment results of nine African countries averaged 30.70 over 56 or 0.55 while the SDI readiness index of the same countries averaged 0.50 on an index scale of 0 to 1 in 2016. The 2010 and 2016 assessments concluded that in African countries, SDI development was slow. To address the problem of slow SDI development in Africa, this paper proposes an on-going improvement theoretical approach anchored on the theory of constraints.

Analysis of Local Spatial Data Infrastructure to Support Volcanic Mudflow Mitigation along Putih River, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia

One of the most devastating disasters in Indonesia was the Mount Merapi eruption in 2010. After the eruption there still exists the secondary hazard of volcanic mudflow, which has caused damage and casualties. Volcanic mudflow is a mixture of pyroclastic material and rainwater, meaning that in the rainy season the area along rivers becomes a high volcanic mudflow hazard, including the area along Putih River in Magelang Regency, Central Java Province. The development of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) plays an important role in disaster management, especially in disaster mitigation efforts. Building an SDI which shares information on spatial conditions in the area along the Putih River could save many lives and reduce the risk from volcanic mudflow. This research was conducted employing interview surveys, field surveys and secondary data collection at government institutions. The results of the analysis have provided a geoportal prototype as an information gateway for the mitigation of volcanic mudflow along the Putih River and the reduction of disaster risk both for the government and community.

Formation of geospatial information databases in the system of digital spatial data infrastructures

The article discusses the key aspects of the development of spatial data infrastructures and models of spatio-temporal data based on the study of geosystems, as well as ensuring the updating of the geospatial storage of information based on Earth remote sensing data. The authors have shown that for the formation of the software and hardware infrastructure of a digital storage of spatial data, it is advisable to follow an organized technological process. At the same time, spatial data warehouses should provide system integration of data with spatial and temporal reference. The solution to the problems of visualization and dissemination of spatial data should be based on the effective use of geoportal systems. It is concluded that the development of databases of digital SDIs and geoportal systems is associated with the development of methods and algorithms for the conjugate analysis of the peculiarities of the interaction of natural, social and production systems, complex interpretation of large arrays of spatial data and forecasting the development of natural and natural-man-made processes.

Los usuarios y la calidad de la información geográfica

El presente documento presenta, con base en estudios y artículos publicados en los últimos años, las causas que originan el actual incremento del uso inadecuado de datos espaciales que se da en la industria, y cómo la postura de los usuarios con respecto a la información de la calidad de estos datos es un factor determinante en este problema. Así mismo, expone como la implantación de las Infraestructuras de Datos Espaciales (IDE) acompañadas de políticas a nivel europeo, como la norma- tiva INSPIRE proporcionan una mejora sustancial en la transferencia de datos y metadatos que informan de la calidad de la información geográfica (IG) y plantea cómo la implementación de un análisis de riesgos (AR) favorecería una mejora en el proceso de toma de decisiones y reduciría los problemas derivados de una inter- pretación errónea de la información de calidad de los datos.

The Americas’ Spatial Data Infrastructure

During the last decade, the production of geospatial information has increased considerably; however, managing and sharing this information has become increasingly difficult for the organizations that produce it, because it comes from different data sources and has a wide variety of users. In this sense, to have a better use of geospatial information, several countries have developed national spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) to improve access, visualization, and integration of their data and in turn, have the need to cooperate with other countries to develop regional SDIs, which allow better decision making with regional impact. However, its design and development plan requires, as a starting point, to knowing the level of development of the national SDIs to identify the strengths and gaps that exist in the region. This document presents the methodology developed and the results obtained from the evaluation of the status of implementation of the SDI components in each of the member countries of the Regional Committee of United Nations on Global Geospatial Information Management for the Americas (UN-GGIM: Americas), which will contribute to the equal development of SDIs in an integrated and collaborative way in the Americas.

Development of project-oriented spatial data infrastructure using cloud technologies

The article includes the issues of design, development and introduction of project-oriented spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) that build the information space to solve pressing challenges in economy, ecology, social services, in the field of preparation of pre-investment, urban planning, pre-project, project documentation, and natural disaster forecasting.It also provides an overview of a historical development of spatial data infrastructures in Russia and in the world. Based on an analysis of a historical landscape within the challenging area, authors have identified the following system components of SDIs: users and professionals, data, technologies, standards, regulatory frameworks, and institutional procedures. There is a proposed platform solution architecture to build SDI, summarized in a form of a structure-component scheme. It rests upon the hypothesis that in order to optimize spatial data storage and application-related processes, the project-oriented SDI needs to include loosely bound and closely bound subsystems for spatial data storage (cloud or local storages), analysis and synthesis modules, as well as modules for visualization and distribution of spatial data (as geoportal systems).

Assessment and Benchmarking of Spatially Enabled RDF Stores for the Next Generation of Spatial Data Infrastructure

Geospatial information is indispensable for various real-world applications and is thus a prominent part of today’s data science landscape. Geospatial data is primarily maintained and disseminated through spatial data infrastructures (SDIs). However, current SDIs are facing challenges in terms of data integration and semantic heterogeneity because of their partially siloed data organization. In this context, linked data provides a promising means to unravel these challenges, and it is seen as one of the key factors moving SDIs toward the next generation. In this study, we investigate the technical environment of the support for geospatial linked data by assessing and benchmarking some popular and well-known spatially enabled RDF stores (RDF4J, GeoSPARQL-Jena, Virtuoso, Stardog, and GraphDB), with a focus on GeoSPARQL compliance and query performance. The tests were performed in two different scenarios. In the first scenario, geospatial data forms a part of a large-scale data infrastructure and is integrated with other types of data. In this scenario, we used ICOS Carbon Portal’s metadata—a real-world Earth Science linked data infrastructure. In the second scenario, we benchmarked the RDF stores in a dedicated SDI environment that contains purely geospatial data, and we used geospatial datasets with both crowd-sourced and authoritative data (the same test data used in a previous benchmark study, the Geographica benchmark). The assessment and benchmarking results demonstrate that the GeoSPARQL compliance of the RDF stores has encouragingly advanced in the last several years. The query performances are generally acceptable, and spatial indexing is imperative when handling a large number of geospatial objects. Nevertheless, query correctness remains a challenge for cross-database interoperability. In conclusion, the results indicate that the spatial capacity of the RDF stores has become increasingly mature, which could benefit the development of future SDIs.

Challenges and Opportunities for Spatial Data Infrastructure Development in Mozambique

The importance of access to spatial data for development and resource management is widely acknowledged worldwide. Unrestricted, reliable and efficient access to accurate, timely, and up-to-date spatial data may be achieved through a spatial data infrastructure. Thus, most developed countries implemented and continue to develop their spatial data infrastructure. In Africa, there is a growing number of governments committed to spatial data infrastructure development. This paper aims to contribute to initialize an spatial data infrastructure in Mozambique. We identified and characterized through a survey the government institutions producing, sharing, and using spatial data in the country to estimate their potential contribution to the development of the Mozambican spatial data infrastructure. We found 12 institutions producing 15 thematic datasets which can constitute the core of the spatial data infrastructure for Mozambique. Two government agencies have the technical skills and policies to make spatial data available to the public. Based on the possible contribution of these institutions, this paper proposes an spatial data infrastructure for Mozambique based on four pillars: i) organizational framework; ii) legal framework; iii) technical framework; and iv) accessibility.