Abstract
Abstract. Urban infrastructure deals with various objects, such as multi-floor buildings, underground utilities, and other typical two-dimensional (2D) geographic information system (GIS) objects. Currently, Oman and Qatar authorities attempt to manage and handle all these spatial objects and features via spatial data infrastructure (SDI). Qatar has a long tradition of applying SDI, while Oman has made rapid progress in building SDI according to the current practices in this field. Governments in both countries work toward smart cities and e-government to meet the fourth industrial revolution requirements. Current literature, indicate that SDI could be considered a major building block for such smart initiatives in the near future. This paper describes the status and challenges of developing SDI (including 3D SDI) for Oman and Qatar. We anticipated these 2D and 3D SDI initiatives would eventually provide future direction for the smart city and e-government. The current status and challenges form major discussions of this paper. It also discusses 3D SDI development. This paper ends by describing a framework for implementing the 3D SDI. The outcomes could significantly improve the awareness for developing 3D SDI in Oman and Qatar.
Highlights
geographic information system (GIS) provides enormous benefits in managing our surroundings and environment where well-established systems either local or/and national were in placed as reported by many practitioners and researchers in many countries (UN GGIM 2011 and 2013)
Khalid Al Kalbani spent several years at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for his research on issues and challenges of developing 3D spatial data infrastructure (SDI) for Oman based on 3D city model with respect to CityGML data exchange format
We have developed a prototype 3D SDI data services that able to be served as a 3D geospatial data hub for various agencies, governmental sectors and stakeholders in Oman
Summary
GIS provides enormous benefits in managing our surroundings and environment where well-established systems either local or/and national were in placed as reported by many practitioners and researchers in many countries (UN GGIM 2011 and 2013). UN GGIM is an entity dealing with various aspects of spatial data management in UN member states. Countries like Oman and Qatar are at the stage of developing 3D SDI. It is the aim of this paper to describe the development of 2D SDI and how researchers and authorities of these two countries engage and address the initiative on 3D SDI. This paper describes the state-of-the-art of the SDI in Oman and Qatar, the development attempts by these two member states in Section 3 as far 2D and 3D SDI. We attempt to highlight several issues and challenges in establishing such SDI initiatives, and conclude and offered several recommendations on how these important aspects of GIS could be addressed by the authorities We attempt to highlight several issues and challenges in establishing such SDI initiatives in Section 4, and conclude and offered several recommendations on how these important aspects of GIS could be addressed by the authorities
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