Development Of Russian Society Research Articles

Духовные практики современной молодежи: социологический анализ

Spiritual practices are one of the promising and underdeveloped areas of sociological analysis, which at the current stage of development of Russian society is becoming especially relevant as a topic of public discus-sions and scientific research. The article presents the results of the initiative survey conducted among young people living in Moscow. The main categories of spiritual practices are identified: those implying direct and timely impact on the human body, practices of spiritual development and self-education, practices of social interaction. Their demand among young people was determined. To improve their spiritual world, young peo-ple most often use the following methods: hobbies, contemplation of the beauty of the world, introspection and broadening of their horizons. The overwhelming majority of respondents connect spiritual development directly with doing something they love. It is noteworthy that for half of the respondents the most frequently used form of spiritual practice is helping people around them. Body-related practices are inferior to other spiritual activi-ties. The results of federal surveys and the experience of theoretical and methodological research of these cat-egories are presented.

Потенциал применения институционализма в качестве теоретической основы государственного управления

State management of the socio-economic development of Russian society is carried out in the context of unprecedented anti-Russian sanctions, which necessitates a rethinking of approaches to economic analysis, which is the theoretical basis for the development of long-term forecasts of socio-economic development and socio-economic policy of the state. In the process of economic analysis in the emerging conditions of public administration, along with economic ones, it is necessary to take into account other significant social phenomena and processes, including the political and legal systems, social values immanent in Russian society, which is possible through the application of institutional economic theory based on an interdisciplinary approach to economic analysis. However, firstly, the founders of institutionalism are American scientists who analyze the American political and legal system and the culture of the American people, which excludes the direct use of institutionalism for the analysis of Russian political and legal reality and, secondly, to date, institutionalism has not been incorporated into a unified economic theory. formed. Based on the fact that institutionalism is recognized as a promising direction in the development of economic theory, the article points out the need for its adaptation to the socio-economic conditions of the development of Russian society, for which, first of all, it is necessary to develop common approaches to the definition of such basic concepts used in Russian institutionalism, as "institutional structure", "institutional environment". The analysis of the approaches of American and Russian scientists to the definition of the concept of the analyzed terms is carried out, on the basis of which, taking into account the Russian political and legal system, the author's definitions of the concept of "institutional structure" and "institutional environment" are proposed. The conclusion is substantiated that the use of these concepts in the proposed interpretation in the course of institutional analysis corresponds to an interdisciplinary approach to economic analysis, immanent institutionalism, is aimed at establishing institutionalism as a unified economic theory adapted to the realities of Russian society, capable of acting as a theoretical basis for effective public administration.

Value orientations of the physical culture and sports development of Russian society: socio-philosophical analysis

Value orientations of the physical culture and sports development of Russian society: socio-philosophical analysis

Social development of Russian society at the turn of the 30th anniversary of the Constitution: prospects and expectations. In Memory of Ekaterina Ivanovna Kozlova

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of Russian society, its social development at the turn of the 30th anniversary of the Constitution. The author, relying on the judgments of Ekaterina Ivanovna Kozlova devoted to the formation of the current statehood, turns to the assessment of ensuring compliance of constitutional provisions with the social reality of Russian society, the constitutional approaches laid down, the results achieved, the planned prospects and expectations. The modern development of Russian society follows the path of democratization and socialization. The ongoing legal transformations contribute to this. The social development of society is proclaimed the goal of any democratic rule of law state. The social development of Russian society proceeds from the constitutional foundations of the welfare state. The social development of Russian society is carried out through constitutional transformations of social spheres of society aimed at changing the way of life of society, improving well-being, forming socio-economic incentives, increasing social guarantees and updating the modern economy. According to the author, the main directions of social development of Russian society are spiritual and moral (ideological) values, the social potential of the family; economic development.

Conditions of institutionalism application as a theoretical basis for economic analysis

Russian society is a complex social system, the functioning of which is conditioned by socio-economic policy, the development process of which requires a comprehensive economic analysis of virtually all spheres of social interaction. The interdisciplinary scientific approach to economic analysis, which makes it possible to consider the impact on socio-economic development of various aspects of the state and society functioning, is inherent in institutional economic theory. However, the problem of its application to the Russian state and society analysis is that institutionalism developed by American scientists is based on analyzing the political and legal system of the United States of America, which differ significantly from the political and legal system of Russia. The purpose of the study is to determine the conditions for institutionalism application in the process of economic analysis of political and economic subsystems of Russian society and socio-economic policy development that meets the requirements of the time. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the impossibility of applying the neoclassical economic paradigm to conduct a comprehensive economic analysis of the social system, as well as by the institutionalism dynamic development, which applies an interdisciplinary approach to economic analysis. The study proposes measures aimed at adapting institutionalism to the conditions of Russia and its population development, formulates the author’s approach to the universal definition of its basic concepts. The study contributes to institutionalism development, promotes a unified institutional economic theory creation and the conditions for its application for the interdisciplinary economic analysis of various aspects of the Russian society development as a complex social system.

Limitations and trends in the development of the digital society: Analysis and classification

Subject. This article discusses the present-day restricting factors and digital trends in the Russian society's advancement, since while developing, they are influencing various consumption patterns, lifestyles, habits, etc. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the restricting factors and current digital trends in the society's development to classify them in order to identify the key common characteristics important for the consumers. Methods. For the study, we used analysis, induction, description, and classification. Results. The article analyzes and classifies the found restricting factors of the Russian society's development, identifies the current digital trend key characteristics, and describes the importance of understanding the restricting factors and consumer trends as a core element for medium- and long-term business strategies. Conclusions and Relevance. The modern Russian society has already acquired some digital characteristics that can be observed in the form of certain trends. The results obtained may be useful to managers and business owners to develop business strategies.

Человеческий капитал профессионалов в современной России (размышления над новой книгой Н.Е.Тихоновой и её коллег)

The book «Human capital of Russian professionals: status, dynamics, factors» by N.E. Tikhonova and her colleagues, published in 2023, continues the cycle of their long-term research into various aspects of the state and development of Russian society. Professionals as the subject of analysis of this work are of great interest not only for sociologists, but especially for economists. The prospects for realizing the opportunities that open up for Russia at the new stage of scientific and technological development depend decisively on the quality of professionals. The article analyzes the contents of the book, notes the methodological innovations used by the authors, clarifies the formulation of such concepts as «professional», «human capital», «human potential», etc. Particular attention is paid to the problem of qualitative characteristics of the human capital of professionals, the problems of their social and economic success. The role of the territorial characteristics of the country in the processes of both the formation of human capital and its monetization as motives for the migration activity of professionals is considered. Obstacles in the development of professionals are noted, which are posed by the imperfections of the existing institutional structure in Russia.

Pedagogical support of educational work with the modern family as a means of forming spiritual and moral values of the children

The article is devoted to the consideration of issues of educational work with parents and its importance in the formation of value orientations and morality in modern children. In the context of studying the scientific literature of Russian scientists, the author concludes that this problem is relevant and requires further research. The highlighted methodological approaches – systemic, axiological, and familistic - contribute to the disclosure of the scientific nature of the research. The purpose of the study is to identify the importance of pedagogical support for educational work with the family in the context of the formation of moral values of children at the present stage of development of Russian society and the state. The author's understanding of the essence of the definition of "pedagogical enlightenment" is revealed, its essence and significance in the upbringing of spiritual and moral values of modern children are determined. The article highlights the pedagogical features of pedagogical education, manifested at different stages of family development in matters of education: educational (propaedeutic) work with future parents to educate children the moral values, educational pedagogical work with parents raising children of preschool, junior, middle and senior school age. Traditional and innovative forms of educational work in different periods of child development in the family are proposed. The difficulties of educational work with the family are highlighted, consisting in the slow process of developing parental literacy and competence, in the absence of uniform rules for raising children in the family, in the absence of clear mechanisms for interaction between parents and social institutions, in the search for effective forms of cooperation, in the absence of a single model of educational work with the family, in insufficient pedagogical education of parents in the mass media. The material under study allows us to conclude that educational and educational work will be successful if all social institutions are engaged in this activity, which will increase the pedagogical activity of parents, raise the status of family and parenthood, as well as the competence of teachers in organizing educational activities with the family and the development of spiritual and moral values of children.

The values of traditional culture and their understanding in the minds of young people

The subject of the study is the system of values of the past, represented in traditional Russian culture. The object of the research is the connection of the values of traditional culture with the structure of consciousness of modern Russian youth. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the study of the concept of "traditional culture", the analysis of its content, represented by the phenomenon of national unity, understanding the significance of this phenomenon in the minds of the inhabitants of the country. During the research, special attention was paid to a sociological survey of young people related to the actualization of the cultural, historical, patriotic meaning of the National Unity holiday, the attitude of the younger generation towards it, and the identification of values significant to it. An important role in the presented work is given to the comparative analysis of surveys of residents of the country and students, the characteristic of the basic foundations of the worldview in the structure of consciousness of older and younger generations, the methods that were used during the study are presented by: analysis of sources on the problem of determining the meaning of the concept of "traditional culture"; by the method of a written survey of students; by the method of comparative analysis of responses between data, represented by VTSIOM, and young people on the problem of national unity of society. The scientific novelty of the presented research is characterized by a comparative analysis of abstract sociological research carried out by VTSIOM with the specific results of a survey of young students of the Kostroma State Agricultural Academy. The results of the work show that at the present stage of development of Russian society there is a tendency to blur the clear ideas of the younger generation about the figurative and symbolic meaning of the spiritual and moral values of the people that define traditional culture. The main conclusion of the study is that young people generally do not recognize the value of social unity as an indicator of the integrity of the state, do not know the historical meaning of the National Unity holiday, do not consider traditional values (family, love of the Motherland, brotherhood of peoples) significant in modern reality, using the Internet space for communication, becomes dependent on gadgets which poses a real threat of loss of communication between generations.

The Law on Digital Financial Assets as a Modern Mechanism for Achieving a Balance of Private and Public Interests

Relevance. The use of new mechanisms for fixing property rights (on the example of the phenomenon of "digital financial assets") allows not only to ensure the satisfaction of private interests, but also contributes to the efficiency of attracting investments into the national economy; the digital form of fixing property rights acts as a certain means of achieving a balance of private and public interests, characterized by the use of new legal structures, subject to comprehensive research.The purpose of the study is to clarify the place of digital technologies (using the example of digital financial assets) in ensuring a balance of private and public interests. Objectives: to identify the essence of the category "balance of private and public interests"; to determine the place of the construction of "digital financial assets" in ensuring the proper level of consistency of private and public interests.Methodology. When writing the work, methods of analysis and synthesis, the system method, the dogmaticlegal method and the method of interpretation of the norms of law were used.Results. The authors argue that the essence of the balance of private and public interests at the present stage of the development of Russian society should be considered not only to ensure the free disposal of individuals with their property and abilities, but also to provide them with confidence in the effectiveness of the requirements imposed on the state in compliance with its own Basic Law – the Constitution to prevent the arbitrariness of public authorities. The authors formulate proposals to improve the turnover of property rights recorded in digital form by the design of digital financial assets.Conclusions. Digital financial assets are a promising investment financial instrument that allows meeting the needs of individuals in preserving and incrementing their property, which contributes to the efficiency of attracting investments into the national economy and ensuring a balance of private and public interests.

ИДЕЯ ГРАЖДАНСТВЕННОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ РОССИЙСКОМ КОНСТИТУЦИОНАЛИЗМЕ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРАВОВОЙ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИИ

Introduction. Russian constitutionalism covers not only its ideological and philosophical asp ects, but also its normative basis. At the same time, the embodiment in the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation of those constitutional ideas that give new impetus to the strengthening and sustainable development of Russian society is of particular importance. One of them is the idea of citizenship, which has found expression in the latest changes to our Basic Law. Currently, the issue of developing constitutional provisions covering the relevant area remains relevant. Its solution involves identifying approaches to the institutionalization of norms of constitutional law, prospects for determining the degree of their unity and the possibility of improvement. The variety of political, ideological, psychological, social and other aspects of citizenship forms a complex area for research, involving the analysis of constitutionalism, legal institutionalization and theoretical problems of the development of citizenship from the perspective of constitutional legal science, consideration of the possibilities of developing the idea of citizenship in constitutional norms affecting this specific area public relations. Results. Approaches to determining the place and features of the expression of the idea of citizenship in modern Russian constitutionalism are established, the relationship between the concepts of “citizenship” and “citizenship”, the methodological significance of the study of trust for the legal institutionalization of the area under consideration are characterized, conclusions are formulated about the state-social aspects of the constitutional idea of citizenship and its normative expression in Currently, proposals are being made covering the reflection of the idea of citizenship in constitutional norms that have a value-oriented and other impact on the relations that develop in the sphere of interaction between society and the state. Conclusions. The importance of the constitutional idea of citizenship for the sustainable development of Russian state-organized society involves addressing issues related to determining the features of its expression in the elemental composition of domestic constitutionalism, the specifics of normative consolidation, including in the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The fullness of citizenship as a legal form of connection between a person and the state with content that covers economic, political, ideological, as well as other aspects, suggests that the presence of such a quality as citizenship in an individual is one of the factors determining the effectiveness of interaction between a citizen and the state in all spheres of existence and development of Russia. Considering the importance of citizenship and the brevity of its mention in the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, it seems that the constitutional potential for the development of the legal foundations of the idea of citizenship is far from being fully realized. Therefore, when addressing issues of legal institutionalization in this area, including taking into account the value content of the idea of citizenship, it seems preferable to reflect it in the systematized provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which have a higher level of generalization and unity, aimed at determining the fundamental principles of interaction between society and the state, including among those that determine the participation of society in solving government problems

Писаная обычно-правовая практика в арбитражном процессе Российской Федерации на современном цивилизационном этапе развития

Introduction. In the paper, the authors analyze the written customary law practice in the modern arbitration process of the Russian Federation in the context of the process of improving the arbitration procedural legislation at the modern civilizational stage of the development of Russian society and the state. The purpose of the paper is to analyze and define the doctrinal essence of judicial arbitration practice, the generalizing body of which is the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. Methods. The methodological framework for study is the methods of scientific cognition, such as dialectical, logical, systemic, structural-functional, and formal-legal. Results. In the paper, the authors demonstrate an original vision and express their reasoned judgment that the legal positions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation by their legal nature cannot be anything other than the written customary judicial practice of the highest corts at the modern civilizational stage of the development of Russian society and the state. Conclusions. After a scientific analysis of the material and generalization of their own evaluative judgments obtained as a result, the authors come to the conclusion that the legal positions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, by their legal nature, cannot be anything other than the written customary judicial practice of the highest courts at the modern civilizational stage of the development of Russian society and state.

Историко-социальные факторы политической позиции казачества Юга России в годы Гражданской войны (1917–1920 гг.)

The article examines the historical and social factors that led to the formation of the political position of the Cossack population of Southern Russia during the Civil War. The relevance of the study is determined by the peculiarities of federal policy in various regions of Russia at the present stage of development of Russian soci-ety and the state, taking into account the historical originality and socio-cultural specifics of individual regions included in the federal space. In this context, the history of the Cossack regions of the South of Russia is highly relevant and in demand when analyzing modern regional, political and socio-economic processes, as well as the historical experience of development of individual territories that constitute the Russian Federation. As part of the study, the authors come to the general conclusion that a certain position of the Cossacks, which they took during the civil conflict in the region, was largely conditioned by the general state of society in this period, as well as by the historical contradictions that existed in it between its various social strata during the long historical period preceding the onset of the civil armed conflict.

Социальная удовлетворенность населения в условиях рыночной экономики в многонациональном Башкортостане (по данным этносоциологических опросов)

The article examines the problem of social satisfaction of ethnic groups in the context of their adaptation to the market economy in the transitional period of development of Russian society using the example of multinational Bashkortostan. It is noted that over the past years of the market economy, a certain part of the population of the republic as a whole has successfully adapted to the market. At the same time, the other part did not accept the harsh conditions of market relations, noting that the transition to the market did not justify itself. Despite some difficulties of the market economy, the survey data show that the standard of living of the population of the republic has significantly improved over the years. It is proved that along with the positive aspects, there is a certain social stratification, both between ethnic groups and within one group, which is characteristic of a market economy.

The contradiction of the public education reform in the USSR at the end of the 1950s. - early 1960s.

Introduction. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the importance of the Soviet education system in the development of Russian society, despite political, economic and social changes in society. The article analyzes the reasons for the reform of public education in the USSR in the late 1950s – early 1960s, examines the concept of polytechnic training in Soviet secondary schools in the late 1950s, combining schooling with productive labor. The concept of polytechnic training in Soviet secondary schools stimulated the reform of public education. The restructuring of secondary and higher education was designed to play a major role in eliminating the essential difference between physical and mental labor, in creating the conditions necessary for the country's transition to communism.Materials and methods. This study is based on an analysis of documents related to party office work in the 1960s-80s: decrees, resolutions and decisions of congresses, conferences and plenums of the Central Committee of the CPSU. The methodological basis of the research is a complex of general scientific, special historical methods, as well as the theory of modernization. The retrospective method, evaluating events and phenomena in their historical development, played a big role. A comparative analysis made it possible to compare the documentation of different times in order to establish the qualitative level of the changes taking place in the USSR in the field of education.Results. The article analyzes the problems of the formation of the Soviet polytechnic school. In the conditions of a planned economy, technical schools and vocational schools of the USSR trained specialists primarily for the needs of Soviet industry. The role of public education, the increase in the number of extended-day schools and boarding schools is considered. The inconsistency of the reform of public education in the USSR, which did not bring the expected results, is analyzed. The emphasis on the polytechnic school did not allow the development of the scientific component, interfering with the intellectual development of school students, the education reform led to a deterioration in the quality of the study of basic sciences.Conclusion. The article uses special historical methods: comparative historical, retrospective, chronological. The study was carried out on the basis of a problem-historical analysis taking into account the social conditions of that time.

THINKING OF A CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST

At the present stage of development of Russian society, the activity of psychologists is becoming more and more in demand; in the last 2 years, in order to provide society with the necessary specialists, training is carried out not only in the higher education system, but also as part of retraining, which is conducted online for free in accordance with the federal project of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation to promote employment. The purpose of the article is to consider the role, structure and functioning of categorization as the main mechanism of mental activity of clinical psychologists. It presents an attempt to generalize the theoretical concepts of social and general psychology regarding the process of categorization as the main mechanism of thinking of clinical psychologists. The article describes in detail the characteristics of practical thinking, the structure and process of categorization as a mechanism of diagnostic thinking. In addition, it is concluded that intuitive decisionmaking about the methods of psychological infl uence on patients and research approach to the analysis of problems arising during therapeutic interaction, are special cases of categorization and recategorization of situations.

КОРРУПЦИЯ КАК ТОРМОЗ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИЙСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА И ОБЩЕСТВА (НА ПРИМЕРАХ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГА)

The article examines the issues of such a dangerous socially negative phenomenon of a criminal nature as corruption, which hinders the sustainable development of Russian society and defines Russia in the world community as a country with a high level of corruption, contributing to its economic collapse and the destruction of the system of state power and management. The concept of corruption, its causes and forms is revealed, the classification of corruption-related crimes is given. The research is mostly based on the practice of St. Petersburg in the fight against corruption by law enforcement agencies and the prevention of corruption manifestations. The material is replete with examples of judicial practice concerning corruption crimes; statistical data characterizing the level of corruption in the Northern capital.

Формирование национальной идеи в философском дискурсе западников и славянофилов в XIX веке

In the philosophical discussions of Russia in the 19th century, an important place was given to the problem of the formation of a national idea, the search for new ways of civilizational development of Russia. This topic is still relevant today, it does not lose its problematic nature, since at present, just as in the 19th century, the process of comprehending Russia's place in the world is underway and the problem is being solved: “Which way to go? Choose your own, national path or follow the European tradition in the formation of modern Russian society? These questions were already raised in Russia in the 19th century, when the process of searching for and forming the Russian national idea was actively going on. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problem of choosing the paths of Russia's development in the disputes between Westerners and Slavophiles in the 19th century, to show the similarity of some historical positions on the main problems. The paper discusses the main approaches of the main representative of Russian Westernism P. Ya. Chaadaev and the philosophical ideas of the Slavophile I. V. Kireevsky. The study attempts to find common approaches of these authors to the problem of the development of Russian society and all-Russian ideals, since in modern scientific works, in our opinion, a simplified view of the development of Russian civilization in philosophical disputes in the ideological struggle in the 19th century is widespread. Both the Westernizers and the Slavophiles were looking for the best way for the development of Russia and were confident in its special mission in the civilizational world processes. The work uses a dialectical and historical-philosophical method, which allows us to consider the complex ideological searches of philosophers in the context of the historical development of Russian society in the 19th century. To analyze the philosophical and methodological foundations of the theories of Westerners and Slavophiles in the course of the civilizational choice of the future development of Russia in these theories, the methods of analysis and synthesis, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, were used in the article.

Historical heritage as a value of Russian society: historical and legal perspective

Introduction. The article is devoted to the current policy of memory in Russia and its relationship with social trends, which is a two-pronged process of transformation of communicative and cultural memory.Materials and methods. The main sources were materials of normative legal acts that underlie the current state policy for the preservation of historical memory and protection of the country's cultural heritage, as well as statistical data from analytical agencies and public opinion polls that characterize the ideas about the past that exist among Russians. The study is based on the concept of historical memory, as well as an interdisciplinary approach that involves the use of legal methods for analyzing normative legal acts.Results.The author analyzes the current state policy for the protection of cultural and historical heritage, and also correlates it with the general ideas about the past of the state that take place in Russian society. Conclusions are drawn regarding the specifics of the transformation of the ideas of Russians about the most significant dates and phenomena in the history of Russia, and the general vector of development of Russian society is also reflected.Conclusion. An analysis of the normative legal acts that underlie the state historical policy, as well as data from analytical centers, shows that at present we can observe a two-pronged process of dense interweaving of communicative and cultural memory. The events of the Great Patriotic war as a fundamental element for patriotic education in Russia continue to be part of the family history, passed down from generation to generation, and already have solid grounds for being part of the cultural memory of the people.

Problems of domestic school natural science education, patriotism promotion and their influence on the training of medical professionals

Aim. To identify problems of domestic natural science education and patriotism promotion (as a motivational personality component), which negatively affect the professional training of health professionals.Material and methods. When working on the article, we used the following methods: theoretical — analysis of modern legal documents of secondary general education, analysis of recommended educational literature on subjects, and empirical — analysis of the experience of biology teachers in modern conditions according to the recommended programs of disciplines and standards; analysis of the results of the Unified State Exam (USE) for 2021-2022 and scientific generalization.Results. An analysis of the main problems of natural science education at the present time is presented. The authors consider the most significant of them to be a change in the content of school education, an unacceptable reduction in hours for natural science disciplines, ignoring the domestic tradition and didactic principles of science and systematization, practical experience accumulated by domestic teachers and methodologists in the preparation of programs and textbooks. The reasons for the lack of special knowledge and objective thinking in a large part of students are considered, which is confirmed by the USE for the period 2015-2022. It is pointed out that it is practically impossible to carry out a systematic mastering of the content of an educational subject and the development of mental skills, based on modern textbooks. The combination of these problems has led to a decrease in the development and educational potential of the natural sciences and the quality of education in general.Conclusion. The article suggests possible ways to overcome this undesirable trend, substantiates the need to rethink the importance of school science education as a resource for the development of science, the national economy, medicine and the defense industry. There is a need to create an "image of the future" among students as a system-forming factor in the social and cultural development of Russian society.