Development Of Russian Science Research Articles

Риски и вызовы при внедрении искусственного интеллекта в систему высшего образования

<p style="text-align: justify;">The purpose of this article is to study possible risks and challenges in the higher education system that arise in connection with the growing speed of implementation of technologies, where artificial intelligence (AI) and neural network technologies are already part of its structure. The analysis is carried out with the aim of predicting the future nature of higher education, as well as exploring changes in the entire teaching paradigm under the influence of AI. The article identifies a number of expected problems when teaching students, in the pedagogical process, organizing their independent work, as well as in the management and administration of higher educational institutions when introducing AI capabilities into the process of higher education. The question is raised about the impact of restrictions on the development of Russian science, namely the disastrous consequences for its development due to the monopolization of AI algorithms and the subjective approach to managing a neural network by an organized technocratic group. In the course of analyzing the intersections of opposing issues of problematic issues and the positive dynamics of the influence of AI on the educational system of higher education, a vector has been set for further research on this topic.</p>

Университетская «точка кипения» как инструмент развития образования, науки, технологий, а также поддержки социальных проектов некоммерческих организаций

Support of scientific, educational and technological initiatives of youth associations and non-profit organiza-tions is an important aspect in the development of Russian science and education. The participation of higher education organizations in the implementation of such initiatives makes it possible to ensure partnership be-tween scientists, representatives of public associations, as well as students and teachers. A system of support for social initiatives of the non-profit sector has been created and is actively developing in Russia. This study will consider the additional potential for the development of the support system for non-profit organizations at the expense of state and non-state organizations, including through the activities of the university “Boiling Point”, which actually performs the functionality of the resource center for NGO support. The team of authors in this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the support of social initiatives of non-profit organizations and youth associations in the “Boiling Point” of the State University of Management (SUM), which took first place in Russia in terms of the number of events and visitors.

Sustainable development of Russian science: «institutional traps» of scientific journals and prospects for overcoming them

Introduction. The focus of the article is on the problems associated with the fact that in the new economic conditions, the old approach to the sustainable development of science in Russia has lost its relevance. In this regard, a new approach to the sustainable development of science in Russia is needed, which will involve following not foreign value guidelines, including the SDGs, but Russia's own traditions.Materials and Methods. Systematization of successes in the field of sustainable development of science in Russia is being carried out. A trend analysis of the materials of international university rankings is carried out, aimed at assessing the change in Russia's position in them based on materials: QS, Scimago and Times Higher Education (THE) rankings. "Institutional traps" are identified as barriers to the sustainable development of science in Russia and the prospects for overcoming them based on the materials of the rating of journals in economics in the electronic scientific library e-library. The time frame of the study covers the period from 2017 to 2022.Results. Three "institutional traps" of scientific journals were identified. First, due to subjective peer review, high-quality scientific articles are not allowed to be published. Second: almost 80% of the authors of Russian scientific journals are the same people throughout the year - and so every year. Third: due to the lack of “fresh” ideas, rating journals are limited to self-citations, the share of which reaches 10%, which is why journals, instead of setting science in motion, hinder its development.Discussion and Conclusions. The key conclusion of the study is that all the “institutional” traps of Russian scientific journals can and should be overcome, which will allow Russia to achieve import substitution of scientific publications, multiply the successes of scientific and technological progress, and strengthen strategic academic leadership.

Методология формирования экономической школы в современном научном ландшафте

During the ongoing shift from a digital to a knowledge-based economy, the role of science as a knowledge source becomes paramount. This article explores the methodological principles guiding the evolution of economic knowledge schools, with a specific focus on the case of the school of economics in Perm region (Russian Federation). The study identifies key stages in this evolution, considering new state priorities for the development of science in Russia and the unique socio-economic characteristics of the region. The study relies on solid sampling and content analysis of academic publications to unveil methodological principles and criteria. The school of economic thought in Perm stands out for its blend of deep theoretical analysis, empirical research, and practical recommendations tailored to the specifics of analyzed economic entities, territories, and regions. The article concludes by emphasizing the school’s ongoing contribution to the national economy and its potential for further advancement through collaborations with business, government, and other research institutions to address contemporary social challenges.

Russia in the Struggle for a Place in the World Scientific Space

Russia's entry into the world scientific space is distinguished by its originality. The formation of science in Russia as an independent social institution began later than in many European countries. The development of science in our country was initially initiated by the authorities. In a number of areas, Russian science has reached the leading positions in the world. Currently, the development of Russian science is difficult for a number of reasons. One of the factors hindering its development is the politicization of international scientific cooperation, the creation of barriers by Western countries, starting from March 2022. The way out of this situation is seen in strengthening scientific cooperation and cooperation between Russia and countries that adhere to a constructive and unbiased approach.

Development of Social-Psychological Problems in Scientific Activity of IP RAS Laboratory: Historical-Psychological Research

Article is devoted to history of scientific problems formation and development in activity of social and economic psychology laboratory Institute of psychology RAS. Dynamic of social-psychological problems is analyzed in connection with social-historical, social-economic conditions of Russian society living. Five main stages of scientifical problematic development in laboratory are highlighted. Changes in social life of the country, that generates social-psychological, economic-psychological effects in psyche and behavior of personality and group are accepted as criteria of these stages’ differentiation. It is shown that specific feature of laboratory scientific activity is variety and fundamentality of researching social-psychological problems. Contribution of IP RAS scientific department activity in development of Russian science and its applied branches is estimated. An integrative approach is emphasized in the study of socio-psychological problems, which combines works of employees performed in the humanitarian and natural science paradigms. New promising areas of research in IP RAS department scientific activity are highlighted.

Variability and constancy of the scientific school, or Harmonization of interrupted identity

This article examines the connection between the formation of St Petersburg, Petrograd, and Leningrad schools of psychology and the social context of the development of science in Russia. One important role in this development was played by university departments, laboratories, journals, and scientific societies in the formation of relevant issues and problems and of circles of opponent. Camps in the development of psychology at St Petersburg University — humanitarian, historical-philological, and natural scientific — from the beginning were associated with the names of the first professors of the Faculty of Psychology, M.I.Vladislavlev and A.I.Vvedensky. At the same time, the connecting thread between their concepts was the priority of scientifically based and objective knowledge and scientific honesty of scientists themselves. This line in subsequent works of psychologists of the St Petersburg — Leningrad school remained fundamental, and it became the foundation on which theories developed in various paradigms in the 20th century. The ideas of N.N.Lange and N.Ya.Groth were connected with the traditions of the University in St Petersburg, from which they graduated. Their roles as leading circles of opponents to professors of the St Petersburg school of psychology — A.F.Lazursky, A.P.Nechaeva, M.Ya. Basov — is a central part of this history. The article explores the specificity of the approach to activity in the works of M.Ya. Basov. The significance of theoretical and practical psychology inherent in the works of A.F.Lazursky, N.A.Nechaev, V.M.Bekhterev for the development of psychological science in Russia is also analyzed. V.M.Bekhterev was a crucial figure in the creation of a “face of uncommon expression” of the St Petersburg school, and these ideas were further developed by V. N.Myasishchev and B.G.Ananyev. Despite moments of crisis in the history of the formation and development of the Leningrad psychological school, scholars managed to preserve their scientific identity, combining research on attitudes and motivation, behavior, and activity. Thus, the constancy of the value orientations of the school and the traditions laid down by its founders were combined with the variability and transformation of scientific priorities and methodological and methodic basics necessary for modernity.

ПРОЦЕСС ИНТЕГРАЦИИ НАУК В ЭВОЛЮЦИИ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОГО МУЗЫКОЗНАНИЯ XX ВЕКА: К ИСТОРИИ ВОПРОСА

In modern science studies, there is an increasing interest in the history of the development of Russian science, which allows to determine the leading trends in its evolution. This article examines one of the main directions of scientific knowledge — the process of integration of sciences, which in the XXth century was actualized in Russian musicology. The purpose of the work is to reconstruct the historical stages of the formation of integrative trends in the national musical science of this period. Diachronic and synchronic methods make it possible to consider the studied problems in the "horizontal" dimension and in the context of "vertical-historical" connections, which reveals the trajectory of the integration process and justifies the existence of two different periods in the Russian music science of the XXth century. The article analyzes the categorical apparatus of integrative directions adopted in modern philosophy of science: these are such concepts as "interdisciplinarity", "polydisciplinarity" and "transdisciplinarity". The analysis of research practice shows that the most typical term for musicology is "interdisciplinarity". Currently, the phenomenon of interdisciplinary interactions in musicology is a little-explored area. Turning to the history of the formation of integrative directions as an object of study allows to supplement the scientific picture of the world of musicology and contribute to the development of a general theory of the integration of sciences.

ВОСПОМИНАНИЯ ХАЙРИ ГИМАДИ

The article is based on the study of the biography of Khairi Gimadi (Gimadutdinov Khairutdin Gimadievich), the famous Tatar historian, Candidate of Sciences in History, Senior Researcher of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in the specialty of “History of Tataria”. He worked as Senior Researcher at The Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Kazan Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (IYALI KFAN USSR), and later as Head of the History Sector. Kh. Gimadi’s scientific activity took place under a tightening ideological control over the activities of the national intelligentsia in the context of the famous August (1944) Resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Contemporary researchers often refer to his works, especially when describing the events associated with the mentioned Resolution. But specialized works on the study of the biography of Kh. Gimadi still do not exist. The article presents the results of the scientific research related to the study of the biography of the Tatar historian, the most valuable of which were the memoirs of Kh. Gimadi, stored in the personal archive of his children. The sources contain the information about the parents, the native village of Khairutdin Gimadievich; the rural life is also described. The most part of the story is devoted to the period of famine in the Volga region and to the children homelessness in the 1920s. The materials of the article will be useful for regional and Russian historians studying the development of Russian science and the Soviet everyday life.

Dmitry Perevoshchikov and his contribution to the development of Russian science

Dmitry Perevoshchikov and his contribution to the development of Russian science

ГРИГОРИЙ ИВАНОВИЧ ФИШЕР ФОН ВАЛЬДГЕЙМ И ЕГО РОЛЬ В РАЗВИТИИ ЕСТЕСТВОЗНАНИЯ В РОССИИ

Grigory Ivanovich Fischer von Waldheim (Johann Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim) was an outstanding Russian naturalist-encyclopedist of German origin, an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and an honorary professor at Moscow University. From 1804 until the end of his life he worked in Moscow. Author of numerous works on entomology, paleontology, mineralogy and geology. His monographs Entomography of Russia and Orictography of the Moscow Gubernia played an important role in the development of natural science in Russia. G.I. Fischer is the founder of scientific zoology and paleontology in Russia, the founder of Moscow University’s Museum of Natural History as a new type of museum, one of the founders and the first director of the Moscow Society of Nature Experts, which still exists today.

Results of the Scientific and Practical Conference 'Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation: Resources, Results, Prospects' with Foreign Participation

Currently, there is a complex system of science governing in Russia, which incorporates programs and goals defining mechanisms and documents, as well as government tools of support for science for selected challenges and risks. However, Russian science has an issue of low mobility and scarce essential resources. For example, the amount of funding of science and research in Russia does not allow for the technological breakthrough if compared to figures of the countries, leading in scientific and technological development. With the state budget providing two thirds of the gross expenditure on R&D, it remains the main source of funding for science and research. The Government of Russia has still not reached the goals of making research, development, and engineering in Russia attractive to investors, and creating the financial basis of technological breakthrough with the significant ratio of non-budgetary funds. To analyze the existing problems in the field of science and technology in Russia, The Russian Research Institute of Economics, Politics and Law in Science and Technology (RIEPL) hosted a scientific and practical conference "Scientific and Technological development of the Russian Federation: Resources, Results, Prospects." The discussion pertained to topics of science popularization and improvement of the status of science; development of the shared scientific infrastructure; cooperation between universities, scientific organizations, businesses, and government; science diplomacy; regional development of science in Russia; the usage of international scientometrics databases, and statuary and regulatory basis of scientific work. Following the conference, the list of proposals for the development of state policy in the field of science and technology has been prepared. This list can be used by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation to determine transformation directions for the governance system of scientific and technological development.

The Fate of Humanism in the 20<sup>th</sup> Century and the Poetry of Osip Mandelstam: The Poem <i>Lamarck</i> and the Idea of Regression in Its Application to Culture

The article focuses not so much the poetic and stylistic features of Osip Mandelstam’s work, which are of interest to philologists (these have largely been researched), as its cultural aspects. To fill this gap, it is important to compare Mandelstam’s lyric with his prose, theory, criticism, and journalism. We believe that the poet’s statements in these genres provide many answers to the question of his attitude to culture. In general, a cultural analysis of Mandelstam’s poetry has not yet been undertaken. Meanwhile, a lot of whimsical and rather obscure associations in his lyric can be understood only with the help of his implied statements about a specific culture, with parallels to other cultures. In particular, we investigate the poet’s interest in philosophy and natural sciences, which is expressed both in his poems and in his assessments of modern processes. The theoretical works also shed light on Mandelstam’s poetic experiments. The article is based on an attempt to unravel the meaning contained in his poem Lamarck. This circumstance generated the analysis of the poet’s special interest in natural sciences, in the ideas of Lamarck and other researchers. The references to natural sciences allowed Mandelstam to get around the insolubility of the problem of the fate of culture, if we proceed from the state of the social and humanitarian sciences, characteristic of the post-revolutionary period in the development of science in Russia. The statement is substantiated by the fact that these sciences did not discuss the problems of culture, and if they did, the discussion was subordinate to Bolshevist ideology. At the same time, the poet’s thoughts are consonant with the concept of O. Spengler. Mandelstam also inclines to biologism in his vision of culture. The interest in Spengler’s morphology also explains O. Mandelstam’s attraction to the natural sciences. The article concludes that the poet’s judgments lie outside the methodological disputes that exist in academic science. Mandelstam was more interested in the fate of European and, accordingly, Russian culture, especially the fate of humanism, whose values were challenged in the 20th century.

Перспективы цифровой оценки диссертации

Currently, one of the most important components of scientific activity is the writing and subsequent defense of a candidate's / doctoral dissertation. It is revealed that, despite the rapid digitalization of the educational process in the scientific paradigm of the whole world, including Russia, there is no single digital assessment of the dissertation. The current system of evaluation of a dissertation based on the one-dimensional designation "yes" or "no" does not allow to objectively and impartially determine the scientific value of the dissertation. The author proposed a methodology for evaluating dissertations on a one-hundred-point scale, where the researcher with the highest score on the defense of the dissertation (91-100) would be provided with financial support from the state to continue promising scientific research, while at the same time being an advantage in the competition for his election to the Russian Academy of Sciences. The author is critical of the conditions of the state and prospects of the development of science in Russia, considering it unfair to neglect the system of evaluation in the defense of dissertations, which leads to a constant outflow of young researchers abroad. In the perspective of applying the digital assessment of the dissertation, the support of talented scientists in obtaining high scores in the defense of the dissertation at the local, regional and federal levels is considered.

PARTICIPATION OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIES IN PREPARATION FOR CELEBRATING THE 220th ANNIVERSARY OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IN 1945

Here the authors present another article from the series devoted to the work of libraries of academic institutions and their staff during the Great Patriotic War. The article bases on the documents found in the archive of the Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow and St. Petersburg Archives of the Academy of Sciences. The authors used the general scientific methodology, applying source study, archaeographic and analytical-synthetic methods of work with archival documents. This work is devoted to the grandiose event, preparation to which took place in in the last war months – the 220th anniversary of the USSR Academy of Sciences celebration. Preparation for this jubilee celebration was complex one, engaging various specialists and reflecting different directions of scientific development in the country. Large-scale book and rare archive documents exhibitions in which the best library specialists of the USSR Academy of Sciences took part displayed successes of the Russian science. These jubilee arrangements were to demonstrate the history of the development of science in Russia and the Soviet state power having won the severe war. When arranging jubilee celebrations the USSR Academy of Science librarians used the experience acquired while organizing famous scientists books’ exhibitions in the most difficult period of the Great Patriotic War. There were exhibited book treasures from the collections of academic libraries and archives as well as the results of studies of soviet scientists, foreign scientific publications that included native scientists’ articles. These exhibitions took place in Moscow and Leningrad – the cradle of the Russian Academy of Sciences. During this hard war period, the State allotted considerable resources for the jubilee arrangements, attaching great importance to international contacts of native scientists, showing their impact into the global science. The jubilee exhibitions revealed the big potential of the USSR Academy of Science libraries in spite of the enormous stuff and resources loss during the war. The experience of holding events on celebrating the anniversary of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1945 may be useful in organizing work on the upcoming 300-th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2024.

ЮБИЛЕЙНЫЕ ОТРАДНЕНСКИЕ ЧТЕНИЯ 2020 В КУБАНСКОЙ СТАНИЦЕ: ОБЗОР СБОРНИКА КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ К 160-ЛЕТИЮ КУБАНСКИХ КАЗАКОВ

The reason for writing the article was the publication of a collection of materials from the anniversary readings of Otradnaya, dedicated in 2020 to the 160th anniversary of the formation of the Kuban Cossack army. The relevance of the study of local history and local historiography is determined by the latest trends in the development of historical science in Russia and in the world. Today, studies of the Cossack village everyday life in the South of Russia are an important and relevant component of agrarian history. Therefore, it is of great interest to study the historical, archival, local history and archaeological activities of the Otrad-nensky regional society of historians and archivists in the village of Otradnaya, Otradnensky district of the Krasnodar Territory.

“This is the first Russian monthly”: Book review: Gotovtseva, A.G. (2018). “This is the most useful for Russian society”: The “Monthly Essays” as a Russian integrative enlightenment project of the mid-18th century. Moscow, YASK Publ.

The review analyzes the monograph of A.G. Gotovtseva “This is the most useful thing for Russian society”: the “Monthly essays” as a Russian integration enlightenment project of the middle of the 18th century”. The review of the presents book examines a universal descriptive way of periodical, as well as the genesis of its internal plot. The review considers the journal’s evolution in the context of the historical and political process of the epoch, the creation of various headings, modification of the original concept of the journal and the composition of authors. The author of the present monograph emphasizes a new view of the role of G.F. Miller as one the major Russian historians of that period in the development of Russian science and journalism in the 18th century.

In memoriam: Vladislav Ivanovich Vasilevich (1935–2020)

Russian Botanical Society, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and all Russian geobotany have suffered a huge irreparable loss. On May 2 2020 after a serious illness the greatest geobotanist of Russia, Doctor of Biology, Professor Vladislav Ivanovich Vasilevich left us. V. I. Vasilevich was born in 1935 in the town of Vyatskie Polyany, Kirov Region, in the family of a school teacher. After graduating fr om high school, in 1953 he entered the Leningrad State University, wh ere he specialized in the Department of Geobotany under the supervision by Professor A. P. Shennikov. After graduating from the University and post-graduate studies, in 1960 he was enrolled in the Laboratory of Experimental Geobotany of the Komarov Botanical Institute. All his scientific life was completely connected with the Institute. V. I. Vasilevich went from a junior researcher of the Laboratory of Experimental Geobotany to the ­Institute Deputy Director of the for scientific work. He was the Head of the Laboratory of the Forest Zone Vegetation, the Head of the Department of Geobotany, and the Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Geobo­tany. For many years, he was a member of the Scienti­fic and Dissertation Councils of the Komarov Botanical Institute. He was the organizer and the leader of many geobotanical expeditions. The geography of his field research was truly diverse. Vladislav Ivanovich brilliantly knew not only the vegetation of the North-West of Russia, but also of many other regions of USSR (Kazakhstan, Taymyr, the Middle Urals, the Western Caspian, etc.). In the person of Vladislav Vasilevich, Russian vegetation science has lost an outstanding scientist, the greatest specialist in theoretical phytocoenology, vegetation classification, and the study of biodiversity (Vasilevich, 1971, 1985, 2010, etc.). He proposed the quantitative method of dominant-determinant classification (the “dominant-floristic method”) based on the analysis of the uniformity of distribution of species with similar ecology in a certain groups of plant communities (Vasilevich, 1995). Using this method, V. I. Vasilevich and his colleagues developed a detailed classification of plant communities of the North-West of Russia that has resulted in numerous publications (Vasilevich, 2000; Vasilevich, Bibikova, 2003, 2011; etc.) He had published about 300 scientific papers and two monographs “Statistical methods in geobotany” (Vasilevich, 1969) and “Essays on theoretical phytocoenology” (Vasilevich, 1983), that had a huge impact on the development of vegetation science in Russia. He was an editor of many proceedings of scientific papers and collective monographs. In 1994, he was awarded the title “Honored scientist of the Russian Federation”. He was awarded the medal of the Order “For Merits to the Motherland”. Vladislav Ivanovich greatly contributed to the training of young scientists: 5 doctoral and 15 PhD theses were defended under his supervision. For many years, he gave lectures at the Department of geobotany of Saint Petersburg University in the specialities “Biometrics”, “Vegetation classification”, “Geobotanical subdivision”, “Vegetation of the North-West of Russia”, “Special chapters in geobotany”. He led the course “Phytocoenology” for graduate students of the Komarov Botanical Institute. Numerous students of him work in various regions of Russia and abroad. Vladislav Ivanovich devoted a lot of time and efforts to the work in the Russian Botanical Society (RBO). He was a Scientific Secretary, a Member of the Presidium, and a Vice-President of the RBO, Chairman of the Section of Geobotany of the RBO, a member of the Organizing Committees of the XII International Botanical Congress and Delegates’ Congresses of the RBO. The memory of Vladislav Ivanovich Vasilevich — an outstanding geobotanist, theoretician, teacher, and organizer of science — will always remain in our hearts.

Н.И. НАДЕЖДИН И КАРПАТСКАЯ РУСЬ

Nikolai Ivanovich Nadezhdin (1804–1856), a Russian philologist, literary and theater critic, philosopher, journalist, editor, historian, archaeologist, ethnographer, art critic, and educator, was the son of a poor village priest. The surname Nadezhdin was given to him by the Ryazan archbishop Theophilact (Rusanov), who pinned great hopes on the boy. N.I. Nadezhdin made a significant contribution to the development of science in Russia. Back in 1834, he spoke of the need to study the Russian language in various fields, in addition to belles-lettres and theological literature. He defended the idea of using philology as a supporting discipline in history. Nadezhdin was one of the founders of historical geography and played a significant role in the formation of ethnography in Russia. In his works, N.I. Nadezhdin focused on the history of Carpathian Rus. His first materials on Rusins appeared when he lived in Odessa. The earliest articles explored the history of Rusins in Bessarabia, the north of which is thought to belong to Carpathian Rus (A Walk in Bessarabia (1839), On the location of the ancient city of Peresechen, belonging to the Uglich people (1844)). In 1840–1841, on behalf of the Odessa educational district trustee D.M. Knyazhevich, Nadezhdin traveled through the southern and West Slavic lands. In his Note on the Journey Through the South Slavic Countries (1842) and in The Report on the Journey Made in 1840 and 1841 in the South Slavic Lands (1844), he mentions the Russian population of Hungary and Transylvania. Unfortunately, according to Nadezhdin, “South-West Russia, whose purest and most unique part was leaving the Russian Empire” was hardly studied by Russian scholars. N.I. Nadezhdin reported about the surviving Russian settlements in Transylvania, whose inhabitants had spoken the “Little Russian language”. He drew attention to the need for further development of the diplomacy of the Danube principalities, especially Moldova, which was initiated by Yu.I. Venelin. Nadezhdin noted that the geographical nomenclature not only in the Moldavian and Wallachian principalities, which were adjacent to Russia, but in Transylvania and Hungary, almost up to the Danube, hides its Slavic and actually Russian nature “under a thick layer of Romanian and Magyar sediment.” In his article On the ethnographic study of the Russian nationality (Notes of the Russian Geographical Society. Book. 2. SPb., 1847), N.I. Nadezhdin once again raised the question of studying the “population of the Russian outside Russia.” He pointed to the “Russian element” in the Austrian Empire, to the Rusins (Rusnaks) living in Galicia and Hungary. The scholar recalled that the remnants of the Russian population could still be found in Transylvania, “At present, in most of the local Russian villages, only women still speak Russian; men, however, refused from their native language for the dominant languages around: Madyar or Volosh. In Moldavia and Wallachia, the presence of the Russian element was even more obvious. Especially in Moldova, where it shines everywhere through the ruling stratum of the Romanian population; and most of all – in the so-called Upper Moldavia (Țara de Sus).”

Медицинская микробиология на страницах «Ученых записок Казанского университета» (летопись 1879 года)

The journal “Scientific notes of Kazan University” (the name was changing slightly at different times) has more than two centuries of history and has always been published as an interdisciplinary publication. The content of the journal included reports on the Humanities and Natural Sciences. The works of Kazan physicians published there have always enjoyed special interest due to their great practical significance: the issues of combating various infectious diseases (cholera, plague, tuberculosis, measles, and others) were often covered on the pages of “Scientific notes”. In this respect 1879 turned out to be special — the problems of infectious diseases, their prevention and legal regulation of anti-epidemic measures were presented by scientists of Kazan University. The article analyzes the works of Florinsky, Vysotsky, Shpilevsky, Shestakov, Skvortsov, Dogel, Pashutin, Shcherbakov, Potekhin, Lyubimov, Studensky, Zaitsev and Stepanov, who published their works in “Scientific notes” in 1879, and assesses their contribution to the development of natural science in Russia in the last quarter of the XIX century.