Development Of Russian Regions Research Articles

Институциональные эффекты и инновационное развитие регионов России

The heterogeneity of the national socio-economic space implies the assessment of regional peculiarities of innovation activity responses to localized sets of various resources that contribute to its activation. One of the most important elements in the composition of these sets of resources is the institutional conditions in the respective territory, the diversity of which at a given degree of technological and economic development can bear different results. These assumptions served as the basis for the present study, the purpose of which is to substantiate the manifestation of various institutional effects arising in Russian regions and to assess their impact on innovative development. In this study, the authors understand institutional factors as scientific and educational potential, the level of bureaucracy as one of the consequences of the local specificity of managerial impacts, the level of criminality, and entrepreneurial activity. The subject of the study is institutional effects resulting from the action of institutional factors affecting the innovative development of Russian regions. The aim is to assess the influence of institutional effects, i.e. scientific and educational environment, entrepreneurial, criminogenic, and bureaucratic, on the level of innovative development of regions. Panel data on 83 subjects of the Russian Federation for the period between the years 2000 and 2020 were used as the information basis. The peculiarity of the study is the use of the quantile regression method. The results of the study reveal positive influence of the effects of scientific and educational environment, and entrepreneurship and negative influence of the bureaucratic effect for all groups of regions. The inverse U-shaped relation between the criminogenic effect and innovation activity was confirmed for 80% of regions. It was found that the quality of institutions and the development of small entrepreneurship are more significant for regions with a low level of innovation activity than for regions that are innovation leaders

Modelling sustainable spatial development of Russian regions

Modelling sustainable spatial development of Russian regions

Ориентиры пространственного развития региона: кейс Cвердловской и Челябинской областей

The applied aspects of prioritizing the transformation of the regional space are discussed in the article. The object is the landmarks of the spatial development of Russian regions, the subject is the peculiarities of strategizing the transformations of the socio-economic space of regions similar to each other that are a part of a single territorial complex. The purpose of the study is to identify the degree of correspondence between the spatial development guidelines of these regions. The author has used the methods of general scientific knowledge, statistical comparison, system analysis and synthesis, expert evaluation compares the priorities of spatial transformations in the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions to reveal a high level of their correlation. Both regions are striving for the development of various municipalities, focusing on strengthening inter-territorial interactions and increasing transport accessibility. That makes it promising to pursue a coordinated regional policy and implement joint projects. But both strategies need to clarify approaches to identifying promising development centers – agglomerations, and improving the complex of mechanisms for managing them. It is important to take into account the economic specifics of territories that do not fall within the zones of influence of large agglomerations: they are often considered in strategic documents as a fairly homogeneous set. For regions that are a part of a single socio-economic complex or localized next to each other, it is mandatory to pair the vectors of spatial development. The considered aspects of prioritizing the transformation of the regional space make it possible to determine the directions for increasing the efficiency of this process. The article may be interesting to specialists in spatial development management, developers of strategic documents.

СТАНДАРТЫ И НОРМАТИВЫ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ОЦЕНКИ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ И ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ В РЕГИОНЕ

The article reflects the role and importance of national standardization in the socio - economic development of Russian regions in the conditions of modern reality. A special place is given to the state and prospects of standardization work in industry and the reflection of its participation in government programs. A methodological approach to the selection and establishment of activity indicators for industrial enterprises in order to ensure the sustainable development of the region is proposed. It is concluded that an important factor in improving the performance of industrial enterprises can be the assessment of their innovation and production activity, as well as competitiveness and quality. The results of the assessment can be used to make management decisions in order to support and motivate the development of industry in the region.

Стратегические приоритеты инновационного развития российских регионов в условиях цифровизации

The work is devoted to clarifying the strategic priorities of regional innovative development in the context of digitalization. It is shown that the processes of digitalization and innovative development of Russian regions are in a strong relationship with each other and both have a positive effect on economic growth. Digitalization (its personnel, material and technical and scientific support) of the economy, social sphere and management is itself the main strategic priority for the innovative development of Russian regions. In addition, the use of digitalization opportunities for strategic planning and management of regional innovative development is a priority. Following the position of the scientific school of V. L. Kvint on the need to coordinate development priorities at all levels, when strategizing both the digital development of regions and their scientific and innovative development, it is advisable to take into account the priority of introducing digital technologies into the public administration process, digitalization of the scientific and innovative process, and supporting scientific and innovative activities for the development of digital technologies , the priority of creating digitalized innovation ecosystems, the possibility of interregional and international cooperation in the development and implementation of digital technologies.

Spatial Modelling of the Impact of R&D Potential on the Dynamics of Scientific and Technological Development of Russian Regions

The study of the scientific and technological development of Russia's regions is important for several reasons. Firstly, the development of advanced production technologies is crucial for enhancing the competitiveness of Russian industry and ensuring the country's technological sovereignty. Secondly, analyzing the impact of science expenditures, the number of researchers and the number of organizations on the development of advanced technologies will help to identify the factors that either promote or hinder scientific and technological progress in different regions. This, in turn, can serve as the basis for developing proposals to update the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, as well as the development strategies of federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the dynamics of the regions' R&D potential on the dynamics of advanced production technologies developed within those regions using spatial modelling methods. The following hypothesis has been proposed - increasing budget expenditures on science and technology has a positive impact on the development of advanced manufacturing technologies in Russian regions. The novelty of the methodological approach lies in the use of spatial modelling methods applying several spatial weight matrices. In the course of the study, it was confirmed that the dynamics of the newly developed advanced production technologies is positively influenced by the engineering and technical personnel based in the neighboring regions who are engaged in research and development, as well as by the financial resources allocated to scientific organizations of the surrounding regions to conduct fundamental research. According to Durbin's model, the number of R&D organizations operating in the surrounding regions and the amount of funding allocated for applied research and development have a negative impact on the dynamics of developed advanced technologies. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the identification of factors affecting the creation of domestic advanced manufacturing technologies. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using these results to form strategies to promote scientific and technological development of the regions of the Russian Federation under modern conditions.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЕМ РЕГИОНА НА ОСНОВЕ СИСТЕМНОГО ПОДХОДА: ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

The modern development of Russian regions is characterized by many systemic transformations. Unprecedented economic sanctions, restrictions on trade and financial transactions require not only the development of solutions that adapt to new conditions, but also strategic directions for the further economic development of both the regions and the country as a whole. For the theory and practice of regional management, the methodological consolidation of a systematic approach is becoming a priority, designed to integrate the plurality of possible scenarios for further regional development, adapted to emerging threats and taking into account limitations, risks and emerging opportunities. The processes of import substitution of technologies are complex, high-cost and backbone. Achieving priority strategic goals aimed at overcoming the problem of import substitution of technologies and products requires the concentration of capital, resources and an increase in innovation and investment activity. In this regard, an important task is to find and justify areas that ensure the processes of import substitution of technologies and foreign final and intermediate consumption goods used in production cycles. A systematic approach to the development of a regional development strategy makes it possible to take into account the potential and economic conditions of each individual region. The transition to a new technological paradigm is impossible without creating sustainable competitive advantages realized through our own competitive products and technologies. The policy of import substitution implemented by the regions is a consequence of the impact of both external political factors and reasonable strategic goals aimed at ensuring the competitiveness of the region. The creation of own innovative technologies, products, services contributes to the digitalization of the economy, the growth of production results and the improvement of the effectiveness of production processes, the efficiency of the economic activity of enterprises is growing, the welfare of the population is growing, and the sustainable development of the economy of the region and the state is achieved.

Цифровая трансформация и ее влияние на социально-экономическое развитие российских регионов

The modern world economy is transforming into the digital economy. Digital transformation can be a driver of socio-economic and technological development of various states and regions. As shown by the experience of developed countries, digital transformation contributes to the creation of new business opportunities, emergence of new markets and niches, and consequently affects regional socio-economic development. However, this process is uneven across countries, leading to significant differences between regions. Additionally, the connection between digital transformation and regional sustainable development should be considered. The paper presents the authors’ perspective on digital transformation and analyses the impact of digital transformation on the socio-economic development of Russian regions in terms of sustainable development priorities. The research aims to develop and verify a multilevel multiple regression model, which illustrates regional digital transformation through integral indicators and describes its impact on regional sustainable development. In particular, the study examined the integral indicator of digital transformation and integral indicator of sustainable development, revealing a correlation between them for Russian regions. The regions were clustered according these indicators. Panel data econometric models for different clusters showed that such factors as digital labour and digital capital greatly influence socio-economic indicators of Russian regions. The direct correlation between the share of manufacturing in gross regional product and regional digital transformation was established. The calculation of integral indicators for all Russian regions identified significant spatial heterogeneity of Russian regions in terms of their sustainable development and digital transformation. At the same time, an increase in the share of manufacturing share in gross regional product causes a decrease in regional sustainable development.

Assessment of the development of innovative and ecological potential of agriculture

Nowadays serious problems of economic transformation are changing the direction of investment flows, so the issue of innovation is incredibly relevant. A number of volatile factors have affected the development of the global economy, and also made future economic prospects even more confusing. The purpose of this study is to explain how modern technologies in agriculture affect the socio-economic development of Russian regions. The methodology used in this work is to evaluate the world experience and practice of modern technologies used in agriculture. How the use of these types of technologies has made agriculture smarter and better. By using smart technology, a farmer can improve his crop and livestock production and save time. Due to the traditional way of farming, farmers are unable to produce more crops and are unable to find the right solution due to lack of information and other necessary things. But with the help of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, farmers can get all the information they need in just one click. The article shows the priority strategic directions for the development of the innovative potential of agriculture and what the state and investors should pay attention to.

Методы и подходы к преодолению диспропорций в образовательной сфере: региональный аспект

Uneven development of Russian regions in terms of infrastructure, educational, and, as a result, general economic parameters stipulates for the search for methods and approaches to overcome differentiation in all areas of the country's regions development. Modern reasons of imbalances are studied in detail and measures them are taken to overcome and develop innovative and digital component of educational environment, stimulating the development of educational potential of a number of lagging regions of the country. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations to overcome educational imbalances imbalance in the regions of the Russian Federation. The result of the study is the author's conclusions concerning specific areas of implementation of innovative methods and approaches to leveling regional educational imbalances that require active dissemination in all regions of the country, save the leading regions.

Конкурентные преимущества пространственного развития России в контексте ESG-повестки и трансформации собственности

The economic strategy and prospects for the socio-economic recovery of Russian regions are largely determined by the priorities and sequence of key goals of the country’s spatial development, modern trends in the development of the world economy. The purpose of this article is to identify the complex and contradictory impact of the global restructuring of the world economy on the prospects for the formation of innovative ecosystems in Russian regions. The tasks solved within the framework of the study are to establish current trends in global transformations and develop proposals for the formation of approaches and scenarios for the spatial development of Russian regions. A new stage of world development is associated with the restructuring of the existing system of economic relations and economic relations, determined by the modification of property relations. The paradigm shift allows us to consider the activities of companies not only from the perspective of economic performance, but also from the perspective of impact on nature and society. The main methods of solving the problems posed were empirical methods of comparative and structural analysis, the use of systematic and scenario approaches to regional development, taking into account the ESG agenda. In the course of the study, industrial areas that are part of the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation were analyzed. The results of the analysis allowed us to conclude that the ESG concept creates additional restrictions for almost all branches of Russian industry. This made it possible to determine the strategic role of high-tech and knowledge-intensive enterprises in the studied regions as the basic development structures for the target industry segments of the national economy. The novelty of the work lies in the proposed measures that will allow regional, local and corporate governance to adapt to the changes taking place, adjust existing models and tools in accordance with existing experience and traditions.

Immigration VS Emigration: The Compensatory Role of Migration in the Demographic Development of Russian Regions

For the Russian Federation, international migration plays an important role in shaping the population of many regions. Migration gain partially compensates for the natural decline caused by depopulation. However, in 2020–2021 only a small number of subjects of the Russian Federation were able to make up for the demographic losses due to migration, both domestic and international. This can be partly explained by the impact of COVID restrictions, as a result of which international migration decreased significantly in 2020. Another reason may be related to the reorientation of migration flows from Russia’s traditional donor countries to other destinations. In the conditions of depopulation, it is worth paying attention to another process – the emigration of Russian citizens abroad. The goal of this work is to study the impact of international migration in the regions of the Russian Federation on the size and demographic structure of the country’s population in 2020–2021. In the paper, we analyze the dynamics of mortality and natural decline in the population of the Russian Federation during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess the impact of the pandemic on educational and labor migration to Russia. Some of the consequences of emigration to the main recipient countries are also being discussed. It is shown that the Coronavirus pandemic has had a multidimensional and prolonged impact on the demographic development of Russian regions. In the context of restricted mobility, the scale of international migration in 2020 has significantly decreased. The increase in migration made it possible only partially to compensate for natural population losses. The significant scale of emigration also causes concern. Comparison of the structure of immigration and emigration flows allows us to conclude that, as a result of emigration, there is an outflow of human capital from a number of strategically important regions of the country.

Model of State Support for The Digital Transformation of The Manufacturing Industry in Russian Regions

The digitalization of industrial enterprises has an impact on the development of Russian regions. One of the factors for increasing the efficiency of the digital transformation of the industry is government support. The issues of the impact of sta

ПАРАДОКСЫ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНО-ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИИ

Objective of the study is to identify the main trends in the development of Russian regions that were formed throughout the post-Soviet period. The article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of data obtained in the course of studies of Russian regions from the early 1990s to 2022. The methodological basis of the research. In the course of the study, various theoretical and methodological approaches were used, including A. Touraine's actionism, actor-network theory, the concept of a society of universal risk, the concept of a systemic accident. Perrow and a number of others, including the approach developed by the author of the article based on the contradiction of free and normalized action. Qualitative methods of data collection and analysis were used in the research. A retrospective study of their results is based on the interpretation of globalization as flows and networks and the theory of the global city. Research results. The article shows that spatial development is not identical to regional development, and economic development in the regional space may be unrelated or poorly connected with the vital activity of local society. Its main actors are Moscow (at the place of registration and payment of taxes) corporations. The formalization and bureaucratization of the federal administration increases the possibilities of its centralization, which does not contribute to regional development. Governance in Russian conditions has always combined centralization with a certain freedom of action of regional and local actors due to the vastness of the territory and the diversity of regional life. The lack of autonomy in decision-making at the regional and local levels, standardization of requirements in vital areas for the population (education and health) lead to their degradation and, as a result, become factors of depopulation of vast territories. Modern spatial transformations are focused on the formation of a communication network characteristic of the era of globalization with large agglomerations as nodes. It has an indirect relation to the development of regions, being carried out on their territory and at the expense of their resources. The article also demonstrates the traditional connection between industrial and socio-cultural development in Russia on the example of the Chelyabinsk region. It is shown that the technocratic nature of modern transformations leads to the formation of a cosmopolitan identity. Prospects of the study are connected with further research of the main vectors of territorial and spatial development of Russian regions, which are associated with the economic, technological and socio-cultural development of Russia as a whole.

Impact of labor migration on human capital and GRP of Russian regions

The article presents an analysis of the impact of external labor migration on human capital and GRP that indirectly reflects the labor demand in Russian regions. The results of the study showed the contradictions that have developed in the Russian regions: demand for skilled labor and shortage of labor resources, which is covered by low-skilled labor migration. As a result, a negative trend is developing — segmentation of labor markets in regions where two parallel demands for skilled and low-skilled labor are formed. The study recorded a positive relationship between the number of migrant workers and GRP, which indicates a steady demand for foreign labor force (FLF). Along with this, the impact of migrant workers on human capital in the Russian regions has undergone significant changes, and not all regions have received and receive a positive contribution from foreign labor force. Also, the results of the study confirmed not only the important role of labor migration for human capital, but also confirmed the hypothesis that labor migration has a positive impact on human capital by enhancing its qualitative characteristics in difficult or critical moments of the development of Russian regions, and therefore the demand for labor migration will continue in the medium term. In essence, labor migration, human capital and GRP are communicating vessels. The conclusion is made about underestimation of the program of voluntary compatriots' resettlement, which had a positive effect on the development of regional economies in 2014. In view of this, the author believes that the program needs a serious revision in order to attract skilled labor migration and increase the human potential of the country.

Managing the reproduction potential of the population of Russian regions based on machine learning models

The article is devoted to study of the patterns of development of potential for the reproduction of the population of Russian regions, considering the socio-economic situation in them. The purpose of the work is to identify the factors of socio-economic development of Russian regions that have the greatest impact on the level of population reproduction and to analyze the sensitivity of this characteristic to changes in the state of socio-economic situation in Russian regions. To achieve this goal, the key characteristics of the population reproduction potential were analyzed the marginal rate of population reproduction and standardized birth rates for five-year age groups of mothers for the period from 1990 to 2020.The results presented in the article were obtained in the course of studying the dynamics of population reproduction and interdependencies with the main socio-economic indicators of the regions, assessed by the methods of correlation analysis and machine learning, on the results of testing of which the most informative factors were identified that have a significant impact on the process of reproduction of the country and its regions with the account of the age structure of mothers. In particular, it was found that with an increase in the age of mother, the influence of factors characterizing economic well-being increases when deciding to have a child, while in younger age groups the indicators of social well-being become more important. On the basis of these models, estimates of the sensitivity of indicators of population reproduction and birth rates in each of the studied age groups of mothers were obtained in case of changes in the socio-economic factors. Based on the analysis, there were drawn conclusions about the impact of the socio-economic situation in the country and regions on the birth rates in different age groups of mothers, as well as on the reproductive potential in general.

Social Inequality as a Political and Managerial Problem in the Development of Russian Regions. Part I

The relevance of studying the declared problem is due to the modern social request. The search for its solution becomes the task of the branch scientific discipline of the sociology of management. This article invites you to familiarize yourself with the interim results of a longitudinal study of the phenomenon of social inequality in the context of studying the domestic management system through the attitude (assessment) of the political and management groups of the regions to the functioning of the established regional management systems, as well as through assessments of the accessibility of the population to basic social institutions (health, education, labor market, housing market). The study was initiated in 2014 at the Center for Sociology and Social Technologies of the IS RAS (hand. A. V. Tikhonov) as part of the Metaproject “Readiness of the domestic management system to solve the problems of modernization and economic development” and today has a monitoring status. As part of the operationalization of concepts, a definition of the political and management group of activity was developed as determining and/or affecting with varying degrees the nature and quality of the political and management activities of the region in the context of the development of territories. The basic social institutions are also defined as the basis for production and socio-reproducible (recreational) infrastructures that ensure social and economic efficiency in general, as well as the manageability of the socio-reproducible process at the regional level. To achieve the objectives of the first stage, a methodology was developed and presented for establishing criteria, as well as dominant signs of political and management groups of regions with different levels of socio-cultural development, namely, on the basis of tools and data from mass surveys (2014, 2017, 2020) of an all-Russian scale conducted as part of the implementation of the Metaproject. The results of the second stage and the general conclusions of the study will be presented in the second part of the article in 2023.

Features of the development of the industrial complex of Russia: Industrial policy and structural and technological changes

Subject. The article explores prospects for the use of artificial intelligence technologies in industrial sectors. Objectives. The aim is to analyze problems of territorial development of industry in the context of the digital economy formation. Methods. The study draws on methods of econometric, correlation-regression, comparative, and logical analysis. Results. We considered specific aspects of the industrial policy implementation for 2010–2020. The paper demonstrates significant correlation between the level of digitalization of the economy and the growth of labor productivity. Conclusions. Industrial development in Russian regions to a large extent depends on the introduction of digital technologies and artificial intelligence technologies.

The Potential of Russian Universities’ Small Innovative Enterprises in an Innovative Economy

The aim of this paper is to identify the potential of Russian universities’ small innovative enterprises (SIEs) in developing an innovative economy and in intensifying the innovative activity of the regions. The authors analyze a set of indicators for the regions and federal districts of the country by the level of a region’sinnovative activity; the universities’ place in the ranking; the year of SIE’s appearance; its belonging to the university, to the federal district, to the region; type of activity; revenue; the complex indicator of SIE’s reliability and its risks. To find out how territorially different the SIE’s functioning is, the authors proposed the indicator «the number of SIE per 1 university, unit/university». The object of the study were 1950 SIEs from 422 universities of the country. The study is based on the data of the university ranking prepared with the support of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, the Information System for Accounting and Monitoring of SIE in the Scientific, Technical and Educational Spheres, the Federal State Statistics Service, the Portal for Checking Counterparties (Rusprofile.ru), as well as on the current strategies for the social and economic development of Russian regions. The results of the study indicate that today SIEs cannot fully manifest themselves as locomotives to develop knowledge-intensive, innovative business, a tool for increasing a region’sinnovative activity and the competitiveness of educational institutions. Neither can they form the supporting framework of an innovative economy. A possible way to solve this problem is to develop effective mechanisms for collecting, summarizing and replicating the best practices for organizing SIE’s activities within the universities, as well as for involving professors in innovative activities. The results of the study might be of interest to regional executive authorities, to university leaders and to those who manage small innovative enterprises in higher education institutions.

ВЛИЯНИЕ САНКЦИОННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ СТРАН ЗАПАДА НА СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ

The relevance of the study of the impact of Western sanctions on the socio-economic development of Russian regions as an information basis for making managerial decisions to ensure the sustainable functioning and development of the Russian Federation in the short and medium term is substantiated. The most sensitive sanctions of Western countries for the development of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan are highlighted, taking into account the structure of the economy of the republic with a predominance of oil production, oil refining industry and petrochemistry. A methodological approach to the rating assessment of the impact of the sanctions policy of Western countries on the level of socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation for the 1st half of 2022, including a system of indicators of economic, social, financial and demographic development, has been developed and tested. The use of the proposed approach makes it possible to identify regions that have been able to adapt to the sanctions and use them to increase the level of socio-economic development in order to replicate their positive experience in other regions of Russia, as well as to identify the regions most affected by the sanctions to develop measures for their state support. The typologization of the regions of Russia according to their sensitivity to the sanctions of Western countries has been carried out, with the allocation of the most and least affected regions of the country by sanctions. The rating positions of the Republic of Bashkortostan on sensitivity to Western sanctions have been determined, highlighting the key problems that they may face in the medium term in the conditions of economic war carried out by countries of the world "unfriendly" to Russia in response to a special military operation in Ukraine. A set of measures is proposed aimed at smoothing the negative effects of the sanctions policy of Western countries, as well as the use of additional opportunities in terms of the development of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the areas of import substitution, support for high-tech exports, reducing dependence on imported equipment and components, and promoting innovative development. The results of the study were reported at the XIV International scientific and practical conference: "Innovative technologies for managing the socio-economic development of the regions of Russia", October 20-21, 2022, ISEI UFIC RAS, Ufa. The article may be of interest to researchers dealing with the impact of the sanctions policy of Western countries on the socio-economic development of Russian regions, and territorial administration bodies responsible for making managerial decisions in the field of anti-sanctions policy.