Development Of Russian Cities Research Articles

Circumpolar Aspect in the Development of Urban Environment Organization in Russian Cities

The purpose of the paper is to examine the effect of the Arctic Hectare program on the development of Russian cities in the Arctic region. In particular, the study analyzes the role of the program in changing the borders of settlements and the possibility of their regulation. The research employs a qualitative approach, including the collection of data from government documents, research literature, and electronic resources associated with urban development, regional development, and the Arctic Hectare program. Data analysis shows that most Arctic cities continue to compress: with preserved infrastructure, entire houses and areas of settlements go empty. In contrast, the Gulf of Ob shows an increase in settlements, as its mining areas actively expand. The area demonstrates a principle characteristic of circumpolar urban development, e.g., a fractal system of settlement growth with the development of the next branch of the city tree. The restart of empty suburbs outside the zone of active mining is attributed to the stage program of Arctic Hectare. As a result, the authors identify two concepts of urban planning: one that emphasizes development along outbound highways, and another that assumes the development of satellite cities. In the near future, the familiar urban landscape may change, as its outskirts may be supplemented by low-rise development. A large share of applicants use the Arctic Hectare to solve the housing problem. It becomes clear that the suburbs are a realistic way of habitation in the Arctic region. The researchers argue that the sustainability theory can allow predicting urban development in the territory based on adaptive cycles.

The Contradictory Impacts of Inhomogeneous Market Potential on the Development of Russian Cities and Towns

The Contradictory Impacts of Inhomogeneous Market Potential on the Development of Russian Cities and Towns

Resource-saving factor in the development of Russian cities

The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of Russian cities and urban-type settlements from the standpoint of their historical and economic development. Using the methodology of economic, statistical and retrospective analysis, it was revealed that along with the growth of large cities in recent years, there has been a tendency towards a reduction in small settlements, which is associated with a decrease in industrial production. The result of this is the active development of urban processes, leading to the concentration in large cities of the scientific, technical and intellectual and production potential of the regions, their transformation into self-sufficient centers for the development of territorial socio-economic locations. The result of the study is the substantiation of the need to create new methodological approaches to the development and placement of productive forces, planning of urban areas, solving problems of energy and resource supply of territories on the basis of achieving their ecological and economic efficiency. The concept of the decisive role of the resource-saving factor in the process of urbanization of territories is substantiated. It was revealed that the approach to the analysis and modeling of the city economy when considering it as a "quasi-corporation" involves the formation of an integrated reproduction system based on increasing the efficiency of the use of territory resources, which translates the process of planning the development of the urban environment into the category of business process technologies.

Развитие российских городов после пандемии COVID-19

Пандемия коронавируса со всей очевидностью поставила вопрос об адаптации и самодостаточности городов в условиях распространения опасных вирусов. Несмотря на рост публикаций по этой проблематике, практически отсутствуют работы по комплексному подходу к оценке уязвимости и приспособления городов к внешним и внутренним шокам и угрозам. В связи с этим целью данного исследования является прогнозирование развития городов после пандемии коронавируса. Исследование проводились на основе комплексного анализа в области геоэкологии, экономической и социальной географии, урбоэкологии и градостроительства и представлений о городе как сложной системе – урбогеоэкосистеме. Обзор публикаций о COVID-19 показал, что за год пандемия нанесла экономике и жизненному укладу населения городов ущерб, несопоставимый с финансовыми и экономическими кризисами, стихийными бедствиями, военными и геополитическими конфликтами. Стали очевидными несостоятельность современной градостроительной политики городов и концепция пространственного развития регионов страны. По мнению авторов, необходимо создание эколого-градостроительных структур, рассредоточение и отказ от уплотнения застройки на основе принципов зеленого и умного города с широким использованием информационных технологий, способствующих безопасному проживанию населения. Полученные результаты могут являться основой для развития новых научных направлений в исследовании урбогеоэкосистем – урбоэкодиагностики, ковидного градостроительства и эколого-градостоительного планирования и проектирования.

The use of the concept of innovation in the development of russian cities

The use of the concept of innovation in the development of russian cities

Modern city: the system of local government and support of small and medium-sized businesses

The article analyzes issues related to the impact of various reforms in the sphere of Russian self-government on the development of Russian cities, especially in the context of new territorial administration systems. As the initial premises of such reforms, we consider, first of all, the constitutional innovations of 2020, which in one way or another affected the economic and legal foundations of Russian local self-government, in particular, through the approval of a single institution of “public power” in the country. The concept of “public authority” is intended to embody the unity and interaction of state and municipal administration in solving the problems of socio-economic development of territories. Further, in the context of the development of cities and their management systems, the tasks of preparing new “Foundations...” of state policy in the field of local self-government are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the need to strengthen the role of municipal management structures in supporting small business forms. The importance of specifying the place and role of various types of municipalities in the practice of strategic planning is shown.

Contemporary Art in the Cultural Space of the Metropolis

One of the most important features of modern art is its existence in the everyday urban culture and active transformation of the latter. The purpose of the article is to analyze the presence of art in the space of the modern metropolis and its influence on the culture. A special role here belongs to the current urban art practices, which turned out to be necessary for the development of Russian cities of the third millennium and their inhabitants. Using the socio-cultural and philosophical-aesthetic methodology to analyze the contemporary art in the context of urban culture, the author refers to the space of Yekaterinburg, which is a megacity of the third millennium. By way of concretization, the article addresses the results of a study of the cultural environment of the Ural capital called “Yekaterinburg Pulse”, which determined the features, status and problems of the megacity.
 Keywords: urban art practices, metropolis, language and institutions of modern art, culture space of Yekaterinburg.

The Role of the Analysis of Sustainable Development of Regions of Russia in the Strategic Planning

Strategies for the socio-economic development of regions are developed in accordance with the principle of using a modern methodology for making effective decisions based on strategic planning. Information basis for strategic planning are indicators of sustainable socio-economic development. In modern conditions, the role of sustainable development analysis is increasing, since the influence of external and internal factors of instability of the regional economy is growing. The relevance of the problem considered in the article is due to the fact that the quality of the analysis of sustainable development of regions (taking into account factors of the external and internal environment and their assessment) determines the adequacy of strategic priorities formed during planning. Ensuring this adequacy is impossible without identifying the differentiation of the Russian regions by such key indicators of sustainability as GR P per capita and human development index. Also in the article, the results of the rating of sustainable development of Russian cities are presented; It is shown that economic instability not only negatively affects the sustainable development of the economy, but also plays a constructive role in the process of regional development. The indicators characterizing the sustainable development of macro-regions (federal districts) are analyzed: industrial production index, real cash income of the population. Particular attention is paid to changing the quality of life of the population of the regions through indicators: poverty level of the population, level of education, life expectancy of the population. The influence of the size of public debt in Russian regions on economic instability is shown.

Prospects for the Development of Russian Cities in the Context of the Education-Related Migrationof Young People

Introduction. Modern urbanization is characterized by uneven development of territories as well as by differentiation of cities in terms of population growth or decline rates. An important role in this belongs to young people who move to other cities in order to ensure the best possible self-fulfillment and comfortable living. The relevance of the study is determined by the emergence of the potential of polarization development of cities and adjacent territories, which forms the effect of socio-economic destabilization in the regions as a whole. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the prospects for the development of cities that are not included in the category of “megalopolis” in the context of the academic mobility of young people. Materials and Methods. The analysis of the data of the 2002 and 2010 All-Russia Population Censuses and of the 2014 and 2017 micro-censuses of the population, as well as a survey of first-year students enrolled in institutions of higher education in St. Petersburg in 2017 became the empirical basis of the study. Results. The study has demonstrated the centripetal migration attitudes of young people, which increases the risks of negative prognoses for the development prospects of the cities they leave. The problematic and attractive aspects of the cities where many students are living have been revealed, as well as the potential and directions of urban development, and the attitude of young people to the changes and their own participation in them. The areas of non-economic measures for the development of urban settlements have been identified, which make it possible to form a positive socio-psychological climate and image. Discussion and Conclusion. The data obtained make it possible to conclude that the trend of the unbalanced development of Russian cities still remains. Factors of life in a megalopolis, attractive to resettlement and modeling of young people’s life plans, are determined by the activity of the population and the city authorities in such areas as economy, culture, social sphere, centripetal movement of resource flows, and the production of innovations that have economic and socio-cultural effects. The practical significance of the research results is lies in the identification of problem areas in the functioning of cities and the determination of areas of urban development for the formation of aspects of urban life attractive for young people.

Prospects of electric heating applying in Russian cities to ensure their sustainable development

One of the stable trends in development of the world electric power industry is the transition from monotony to diversity in its evolution. It is characterized by a wide range of the strategic tasks solved by a set of the used energy resources and a changing spectrum of the possible energy technologies. However in the thermal energy supply of consumers in Russia for almost 100 years there is practically the only system of water heat supply that does not meet modern ecological, anthropogenic, technological and social requirements which motivated authors to conduct research on the alternative system of electrical heating. Materials for the study of the two heat supply systems were the actual parameters of alternative systems and their implication in technological and economic spheres as well as the impact on environmental indicators. Research methods include system approach, analysis of statistical data and authors’ estimates. Result of comparing of the two alternative heat supply system is the classification of their positive and negative factors at the qualitative and quantitative levels of assessment. The conducted research has shown the significant advantages of the new electric heat supply system which is more in line with the requirements of sustainable development of Russian cities, preserves health and improves quality of life of their inhabitants.

Религиозный туризм как ресурс развития российских городов: социологическая оценка

Религиозный туризм как ресурс развития российских городов: социологическая оценка

“Smart” cities: prospects for the emergence and development in Russia

The article deals with the transformation of the socio-economic systems at the global and national levels, the associated changes of urban communities life. Urban development trends in the modern world are studied in terms of industrial revolution, involving the introduction of intelligent information technology in everyday practice. We analyze the “smart” city as one of the most common concepts, offering the solution of environmental and socio-economic problems, the opportunities for sustainable development. The main features of the “smart” cities are examined on examples. The possibilities of innovation development of Russian cities are inquired, Moscow’s and Russia’s places in the international rankings are examined. The most attractive for investment regions and cities of Russia are considered.

Вопросы методологии формирования системы стратегического планирования развития городов России

Вопросы методологии формирования системы стратегического планирования развития городов России