Development Of Renewable Resources Research Articles

Hydro-energy in Slovak Republic and Taiwan R.O.C.

The paper introduces the current stage of hydropower and hydro-potential in a European landlocked country — Slovak Republic and Asia-Pacific island country — Taiwan R.O.C. (Republic Of China). Published data are present results of ongoing, one-year bilateral project focused on mapping the current development of renewable resources with closer zoom at hydroenergy and its role in overall energy development in both case studies. Purpose of the practical action research was to collect data and update information about existing power stations for records, possible future development scenarios, alternative stand alone energy approach and bilateral cooperation in the field of sustainable energy.

Effect of Organic Nutrients on the Yield of Cabbage

A field experiment to assess the effect of organic fertilisers on the growth and yield of cabbage was conducted at the Renewable Natural Resources Research and Development Centre at Bajo, in Wangdue Phodrang Dzongkhag in 2012. A Randomised Complete Block Design with four treatments replicated four times was used in the experiment. Four treatments; T1 (farmyard manure at 10 MT/acre), T2 (Vegimax at 3 ml/20 litre water), T3 (farmyard manure 50% + Vegimax), and T4 (control, without added nutrients) were evaluated to determine the growth and yield of cabbage. There was no significant effect of treatments (p > .05) on the growth and yield, although T1 showed better response and the results for T2 were similar to that of control (T4). These findings suggest that farmyard manure can be beneficial for plant growth due to its higher plant nutrient concentration, although nutrient release was possibly slower during the winter. The efficacy of Vegimax is limited due to its lower concentration of macro-nutrients. This experiment was the first of its kind, with the new organic supplement (Vegimax). More field testing is needed, however, to confirm the effect on yield under a wide range of growing conditions.

Biobased fibers and materials in Brazil

The human evolution is directly associated to the use of materials. During the last century, humanity had significant development powered by the use of fossil resources, which largely impacted the materials discovery and use. However, there are many concerns about the use of fossils, based mainly on economic and environmental issues. These concerns motivate the study, development, and use of renewable resources, including biobased materials. Brazil is one of the largest producers of agricultural commodities, which can be used to produce renewable materials. This review describes actual production of some renewable materials in Brazil and future possibilities to generate them using biomass residual streams of industrial processes.

Probe on Questions and Mode of Renewable Resource Development and Utilization on Small Islands

Aiming at small islands location limits and the established power grid characteristics, the paper analyses some practical problems to be dealt with when renewable resource is utilized. Combined with the characteristics of small islands, the paper puts forward the new mode without energy storage devices, and designs a renewable resource application system driven directly by photovoltaic devices, emphatically analyses the key technology of no energy storage mode. The new mode effectively resolves the battle neck problem of traditional off-net mode.

Dual-Buck Half-Bridge Voltage Balancer

Micro-dc grid is a novel power system focused on the development of renewable resources. However, two-wire transmitting power mode is generally accepted in a micro-dc grid, which is usually not suitable for the requirements of the input voltage levels of different power converters and loads. In order to meet the requirements, a half-bridge voltage balancer was introduced in a micro-dc grid, which can convert a two-wire mode into a three-wire mode in a micro-dc grid via a neutral line. However, the shoot-through problem existing in bridge-type converters degrades the reliability of the voltage balancer. In this paper, a dual-buck half-bridge voltage balancer and a control strategy are proposed, which can avoid the shoot-through problem. The small-signal model of the voltage balancer is derived for designing the control parameters and the current relationships of the inductors; the capacitors and the unbalanced loads are analyzed particularly. Finally, a prototype, which can deal with 2-kW unbalance ability, is built to verify that the proposed voltage balancer may have a good ability of balancing the voltage by building a neutral line.

Water and food in the bioeconomy: challenges and opportunities for development

AbstractThe world economy is under pressure for greater, more efficient and more sustainable use of natural resources to meet complementary and competing objectives in the food, water and energy sectors. Interactions between these three sectors have become increasingly affected by the bioeconomy—a concept that encompasses economic growth driven by the development of renewable biological resources and biotechnologies to produce sustainable products, employment and income. This article explores how water and the bioeconomy are interlinked, including how the constraints from growing water scarcity—in part caused by development of the bioeconomy—may influence bioeconomic growth. The article describes the impact of biofuel production on water quantity and quality and examines the potential for improved water use through the development of crop biotechnology and improved crop management. Then alternative scenarios for water in the bioeconomy are assessed, and policy conclusions are presented.

A New Approach to Fault Location in the Random Disturbance of Wind Power

The development and utilization of renewable energy resources is the future development direction. Wide area backup protection needs to locate fault element and fault section before backup protection action, and prepare for modifying fixed value of backup protection. The researches in this paper are mainly serving wide area adaptive backup protection system. Considering the development of new energy resources power system, especially the random disturbances of wind power, based on Bayes posterior decision principle, we will explore a new fault location technology. According to different types of faults, extensive simulation experiments have amply demonstrated the reliability of this fault location technology

Synthesis of superior carbon nanofibers with large aspect ratio and tunable porosity for electrochemical energy storage

Porous carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are regarded as essential components of high-performance energy storage devices in the development of renewable and sustainable resources, due to their high surface areas, tunable structures, and good conductivities. Herein, we report new synthesis methods and applications of two types of porous carbon nanofibers, i.e., colloidal mesoporous carbon nanofibers as electrode materials for supercapacitors, and microporous carbon nanofibers as substrate media for lithium–sulfur (Li-S) batteries. These carbon nanofibers can be synthesized either by confined nanospace pyrolysis or conventional pyrolysis of their polymeric precursors. The supercapacitor electrodes which are fabricated via a simple dipping and rinsing approach exhibit a reversible specific capacitance of 206 F g−1 at the current density of 5 A g−1 in 6.0 mol L−1 aqueous KOH electrolyte. Meanwhile, the Li-S batteries composed of microporous carbon nanofiber-encapsulated sulfur structures exhibit unprecedented electrochemical performance with high specific capacity and good cycling stability, i.e., 950 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles of charge–discharge. The excellent electrochemical performance of CNFs is attributed to their high-quality fiber morphology, controlled porous structure, large surface area, and good electrical conductivity. The results show that the carbon nanofibers represent an alternative promising candidate for an efficient electrode material for energy storage and conversion.

Study on Different Capacity of Photovoltaic Power Generation Project Compares

Development and utilization of solar and other renewable resources is the development trend on energy. Belong to one of the national industrial policy to support the strategic emerging industries to optimize the power structure, Energy conservation, environmental protection, the development of low-carbon economy has a positive effect. Different monolithic capacity of photovoltaic power generation project, in construction investment, the basic difference between the little and then be able to estimate the construction of photovoltaic power generation project investment, preliminary determination of investment projects in economic rationality.

Prospects for the Development of Nuclear Energy in the Baltic Region

The article aims to evaluate the prospects of construction of a nuclear power plant in Lithuania and the possible benefits, as well as to analyse the decisive factors of development of nuclear energy in Europe and worldwide. Attention is paid to the increasingly stringent regulation of the development of nuclear energy, which may play a role in the growing competition among the nuclear power plants built in Lithuania, Russia and Belarus. The article ends with the conclusion that despite the high costs of construction of nuclear power plants, pending problems of disposal of spent nuclear fuel, rapid development of renewable resources and other factors, nuclear energy will retain its role in the energy balances of the countries in the region. The article also gives a positive assessment of the possibilities of construction of a nuclear power plant in Lithuania.

The Potential United Kingdom Energy Gap and Creep Life Prediction Methodologies

The United Kingdom faces a looming energy gap with around 20 pct of its generating capacity due for closure in the next 10 to 15 years as a result of plant age and new European legislation on environmental protection and safety at work. A number of solutions exist for this problem including the use of new materials so that new plants can operate at higher temperatures, new technologies related to carbon capture and gasification, development of renewable resources, and less obviously the use of accurate models for predicting creep life. This article reviews, with illustrations, some of the more applicable and successful creep prediction methodologies used by academics and industrialists and highlights how these techniques can help alleviate the looming energy gap. The role that these approaches can play in solving the energy gap is highlighted throughout.

An EU initiative for future generation of IGCC power plants using hydrogen-rich syngas: Simulation results for the baseline configuration

In spite of the rapid development and introduction of renewable and alternative resources, coal still continues to be the most significant fuel to meet the global electricity demand. Emission from existing coal based power plants is, besides others, identified as one of the major sources of anthropogenic carbon dioxide, responsible for climate change. Advanced coal based power plants with acceptable efficiency and low carbon dioxide emission are therefore in sharp focus for current development. The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant with pre-combustion carbon capture is a prospective technology option for this purpose. However, such plants currently have limitations regarding fuel flexibility, performance, etc. In an EU initiative (H2-IGCC project), possible improvements of such plants are being explored. These involve using premix combustion of undiluted hydrogen-rich syngas and improved fuel flexibility without adversely affecting the availability and reliability of the plant and also making minor modifications to existing gas turbines for this purpose. In this paper, detailed thermodynamic models and assumptions of the preliminary configuration of such a plant are reported, with performance analysis based on available practical data and information. The overall efficiency of the IGCC power plant with carbon capture is estimated to 36.3% (LHV). The results confirm the fact that a significant penalty on efficiency is associated with the capture of CO2. This penalty is 21.6% relative to the IGCC without CO2 capture, i.e. 10.0% points. Estimated significant performance indicators as well as comparisons with alternative schemes have been presented. Some possible future developments based on these results and the overall objective of the project are also discussed.

California’s Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative as a model for state renewable resource development and transmission planning

Given the lack of US federal leadership in climate change regulation, states have taken the lead in the implementation of aggressive policies to promote economic development, decrease dependence on foreign energy imports, and achieve broad environmental goals through increased reliance on renewable energy sources. The renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS) has become the most common tool used by states to achieve their particular policy goals; however, numerous barriers stand in the way of electricity providers seeking compliance with the RPS mandate. The California Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative (RETI) was a statewide attempt to overcome problems related to transmission planning and costs, private and public land-use issues, and environmental impacts. By seeking the involvement of broad stakeholder groups in the identification and evaluation of potential renewable energy zones, RETI created a roadmap for future renewable energy development in California that is both economically and environmentally sound. Through a collaborative transmission planning process, RETI provides key insights into the challenges faced by states attempting to comply with their RPS mandates, including those relating to concerns about participant selection, locating transmission, permitting, and the timing of both the planning and implementation stages of the initiative. In this paper, I evaluate RETI’s success in achieving its stated goals while also identifying areas of concern not addressed by the initiative. The results of this analysis provide guidance for states implementing their own RPS programs.

California's Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative as a model for state renewable resource development and transmission planning

Given the lack of US federal leadership in climate change regulation, states have taken the lead in the implementation of aggressive policies to promote economic development, decrease dependence on foreign energy imports, and achieve broad environmental goals through increased reliance on renewable energy sources. The renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS) has become the most common tool used by states to achieve their particular policy goals; however, numerous barriers stand in the way of electricity providers seeking compliance with the RPS mandate. The California Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative (RETI) was a statewide attempt to overcome problems related to transmission planning and costs, private and public land-use issues, and environmental impacts. By seeking the involvement of broad stakeholder groups in the identification and evaluation of potential renewable energy zones, RETI created a roadmap for future renewable energy development in California that is both economically and environmentally sound. Through a collaborative transmission planning process, RETI provides key insights into the challenges faced by states attempting to comply with their RPS mandates, including those relating to concerns about participant selection, locating transmission, permitting, and the timing of both the planning and implementation stages of the initiative. In this paper, I evaluate RETI’s success in achieving its stated goals while also identifying areas of concern not addressed by the initiative. The results of this analysis provide guidance for states implementing their own RPS programs.

Depth Space and the Theory of Depth Space Control Power

Abstract: The ideas of energy-saving, environmental protection and low-carbon and all kinds of disciplines are of great relevance. Lack of resources and environmental deterioration are the serious but common problems that mankind are facing now. Being the first scholar to put forward the theory of breadth and depth of space to divide ocean development resources and other resources, the author once again originally found the depth space resources of the development and utilization of plant energy and other renewable resources on land and the characteristics of depth space resources, and also discussed his theoretical view on depth space resources control power deeply. In future, people who can scientifically and rationally develop and use energy and other resources will both own the key to harmonious development with nature concerning energy and other resources exploration of nations and human kind, and the key to peace and primary material base controlling the fate of the world and human. The article focuses on the depth space development and the regarding new resources which will bring a broad and long-term interests and influence on resource and environment problems, the harmony of human society and sustainable development, as well as play a significant role in the area of economy and new geopolitics in the future.

California’s Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative as a Model for State Renewable Resource Development and Transmission Planning

In the absence of federal climate change regulation, states have taken the lead in the implementation of aggressive policies to promote economic development, decrease dependence on foreign energy sources, and achieve broad environmental goals through increased reliance on renewable energy sources. The renewable energy portfolio standard has become the most common tool used by states to achieve their particular policy goals; however, numerous barriers stand in the way of electricity providers seeking compliance with the RPS mandate. The California Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative (“RETI”) was a statewide attempt to overcome problems related to transmission planning and costs, private and public land use issues, and environmental impacts. By seeking the involvement of broad stakeholder groups in the identification and evaluation of potential renewable energy zones, RETI hoped to create a roadmap for future renewable energy development in the state that is both economically and environmentally sound. Its progress thus far provides key insights into the challenges faced by states attempting to comply with their RPS mandates. This paper examines several key components of the RETI process, focusing primarily on the concerns of participant selection, locating transmission, permitting, and the timing of both the planning and implementation stages of the initiative. The paper evaluates RETI’s success in achieving its stated goals while also identifying areas of concern not addressed by the initiative. The results of this analysis provides guidance for states implementing their own RPS programs.

Analysis and Evaluation on Chemical Composition of the Larch Bark

In this paper, Chinese larch bark and different areas of Korean larch bark chemical composition and quantitative analysis of active ingredients, and with several plant resources in the total flavonoids were compared and evaluated. The results showed that: Korean larch bark of ash content (1.34%) lower, phenethyl alcohol extract (16.17%), proanthocyanidins (3.84%), total flavonoids(16.59%) and dihydro-quercetin (4.87% ) the highest. The total flavonoid content is more higher than the development of herbal extracts of total flavonoids. Therefore, the bark is a great potential for development of renewable resources.

Security of energy supply in Turkey: Challenges and solutions

Energy security has recently gained importance for many commercial, industrial, and government facilities. Increasing the security of energy supply is essentially a strategy to reduce or hedge risks that derive from energy use, production and imports. The aim of this paper is to identify the main challenges concerning the security of energy supply in Turkey and to offer solutions. Rapid population growth and economic development in the country have resulted in rapid increases in energy demand in recent years. Turkey is currently heavily dependent on fossil fuels for energy consumption, with oil, natural gas, and coal being the predominant energy sources, accounting for a significant majority of the total energy consumption. Turkey has very limited domestic sources of oil and natural gas, thus it is almost entirely dependent on foreign sources. Due to continuously increase of energy consumption Turkey will be forced to import increasing amounts of fossil fuels. In spite of Turkey’s heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy demand, the country has a large potential for development of renewable resources of every type. In addition, Turkey has considerable thorium reserves as future nuclear fuel source.

The Alberta oil Sands from Both Sides of the Border*

ABSTRACT. The United States produces less than half of the oil it consumes, a dependence unlikely to subside without drastic improvements in domestic production, development of renewable resources, and greater energy efficiency. All three of these actions, even if ultimately meaningful, will take time to produce results, so the United States is likely to continue to depend on outside suppliers. The most tempting of these suppliers is Canada, especially its massive oil sands in northeastern Alberta Province. In this article I ask why that is true and, more important whether the arrangement is mutually beneficial. The answers are strongly related to location; that is, the location of supply and the location of demand. The view from the south favors Canada above all other countries as a likely source for meeting the growing U.S. oil needs, yet not without accompanying unintended consequences. When viewed from the north, the monetary attraction of the oil sands is weakened by the environmental costs that are likely if their development expands as expected. Weighing these perspectives, the question is whether the combination of demand and environmental concerns leads to, accelerates, or discourages development. Viewing such a prospect from both sides of the border challenges the view that development of natural resources is always inevitable or wise, regardless of apparent profitability and need. Much depends on location.

Green Chemistry: A design framework for sustainability

In this review we will highlight some of the science that exemplifies the principles of Green Chemistry, in particular the efficient use of materials and energy, development of renewable resources, and design for reduced hazard. Examples are drawn from a diverse range of research fields including catalysis, alternative solvents, analytical chemistry, polymer science, and toxicology. While it is impossible for us to be comprehensive, as the worldwide proliferation of Green Chemistry research, industrial application, conferences, networks, and journals has led to a wealth of innovation, the review will attempt to illustrate how progress has been made toward solving the sustainability goals of the 21st century by engaging at the molecular level.