Development Of Public Transport Research Articles

ECONOMIC AND LEGAL MEANS OF PREVENTING ROAD ACCIDENTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

The aim of this article is to study the economic and legal means of preventing road accidents abroad, and to determine the possibility and feasibility of incorporating positive foreign experiences into national legislation and legal practice. The subject of research is the economic and legal means of preventing road accidents abroad. The methodology of the publication is based on an organic combination of philosophical, general scientific and specific legal research methods. Taking into account the subject matter, the methodology of comparative jurisprudence is used to a greater extent. Results. The study of foreign experience in the application of economic and legal means of traffic accident prevention gives an idea of the general trends in strengthening the role of economic means of encouraging drivers to observe traffic rules, namely: legal regulation of the dependence of the amount of the fine on the amount of the offender's wages and other income; increasing insurance payments for drivers who systematically violate traffic rules; economic incentives for drivers who observe certain rules during the year; systematic investments in the development of road infrastructure, innovative AI means of traffic regulation, development of public transport; expansion of the network of toll motorways to relieve public roads. It is emphasized that borrowing the experience of foreign countries in the specific field of public relations without scientific substantiation and without taking into account the peculiarities of national traditions, legal consciousness and legal culture cannot solve the key problems of ensuring road safety and preventing road accidents in Ukraine.

Vulnerability Analysis of Bus Network Based on Land-Use Type of Bus Stops: The Case of Xi’an, China

The urban public transport network is closely related to urban construction and is susceptible to external influences, especially the bus network (BN). The measurement of the changes in the performance of BN under disruptions plays an important role in the development of bus systems. This paper takes the land-use type around each bus stop to modify the standard coverage range and then combines the attractive service area of the stop and the passenger flow as the opportunity coefficient to propose an improved accessibility model. Finally, the vulnerability of the BN based on the improved accessibility model in different time periods under four disruptions is analyzed. Taking BN in the central area of Xi’an as a case study, the results show that the BN is less vulnerable when stops are associated with high land-use type attractiveness, and regions with a single land-use type have high vulnerability levels. In addition, the land-use disruption causes larger-scale network vulnerability than topological disruptions. An interesting result, opposed to common sense, is found in stops within the top 10% of topological disruption failure probabilities, i.e., the BN is the most vulnerable during the off-peak night period. This study supplements the coordinated development of public transport and land use in future planning.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE EFFICIENCY OF CAR PARKING SPACES ALONG THE ROADSIDE

Worldwide, the number of vehicles on the road has been rapidly increasing during the past decade, despite the continued development of public transport. Therefore, the problem of lack of parking spaces is occurring in many countries. Focusing on parallel car parking spaces along the roadside, there are two types of parking spaces: marked parking lots and parking zones (or undivided parking lots). This paper is dedicated to the comparison between the efficiency of these two types of parking spaces. Agent-based modeling is used to simulate the scenario of parking with particular input parameters such as driver behavior and car length. The experimental results show that various conditions of the society, namely driver behavior, car length, and marked parking lot length, are key parameters to determine whether a marked parking lot or a parking zone is more efficient.

MODERN SOLUTIONS FOR URBAN PUBLIC COLLECTIVE TRANSPORT IN POLAND

The implementation of intelligent transport system solutions in cities provides passengers with better comfort and safety, moreover it considers the adaptation of vehicles to the needs of people with disabilities, the distribution of tickets as well as the broader infrastructure. The progressive digitization of transport services creates the opportunity to take use of the time spent traveling. Planning a smart city offering effective solutions in the field of urban mobility is one of the main problems of urban areas. The development of electromobility should contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing the share of alternative fuels in public transport. Through a system of incentives for residents to cycle and walk, local governments create their mobility. The aim of the study is to present current solutions in public transport used in Polish cities. The empirical material based on the survey allows for a comprehensive look at the development of urban public transport.

Resilience Analysis of Traffic Network under Emergencies: A Case Study of Bus Transit Network

With the continuous development of public transportation, the impact of unexpected events on the operation of bus networks has become increasingly severe due to the growing demand for public transportation and passenger volume. To accurately assess the impact of unexpected events on the operation of bus networks and scientifically evaluate their resilience, this paper proposes a framework for analyzing the resilience of bus networks. With the aim of providing scientific evidence to enhance the reliability of public transportation networks, this framework can be used to determine the resilience of bus networks to unexpected events. The main contributions of this framework include three aspects: 1. Construction of the CRITIC–entropy weighting model for screening and calculating key indicators of the resilience of the bus network; 2. Use of resilience cycle theory to construct a model for analyzing the resilience of bus routes, and design a set of resilience quantification factors to calculate the resilience of bus routes; 3. Use of complex network theory to construct a model for analyzing the resilience of the bus network, by taking the bus route resilience obtained in the second step as the edge weight to calculate the resilience of the bus network. This paper takes the Beijing public transit system as an example and uses real data to verify the accuracy, scientificity, and feasibility of the proposed framework for analyzing the resilience of public transit networks to sudden events. The resilience analysis framework constructed in this paper has improved the existing research on transportation network resilience in theoretical aspects. Furthermore, the results outputted by this framework can provide a decision-making basis for network adjustment and disaster recovery for the management departments of public transportation networks in practical applications.

Measuring modal accessibility gap using gridded population and network map platform data

Few studies have calculated the magnitude of the modal accessibility gap between public and private transportation (MAG) by taking into account both population characteristics and time-varying characteristics. To incorporate the aforementioned characteristics, this study computed MAG within each population grid using the anticipated travel time between two grids in real time. Moreover, a representative case study focuses on the MAG in the urban area of Xi'an during three time periods. Research results indicate that the average travel time for private transportation in the study area is significantly lower than that of public transportation. Further, the subway line has an obvious impact on improving MAG. In addition, the development of public transportation in the peripheral regions lags behind that of the city center, and the subway network is inadequately serviced. As a result of utilizing the MAG method presented in this paper, the problem related to urban transportation planning can be addressed by incorporating both the population and time-varying factors. At the end of the paper, the limitations and future works are discussed.

Public transport development and changing transport behavior

The purpose of the article is to identify the tasks of developing urban transport infrastructure and changing the transport behavior of passengers. Urban transport should allow solving the following tasks: the possibility of planning the travel time, ensuring the reliability and safety of the trip, creating conditions for the availability of transport services at their cost, safety and comfort, as well as providing transport services at minimal economic costs. In the process of applying analytical research methods, actual problems of urban infrastructure have been identified and directions for solving these problems have been proposed. Human transport behavior in the conditions of rapid development of information and communication technologies has been analyzed. The growing digitalization leads to the creation of a wide variety of proposals for the implementation of mobility and its use. In addition to multimodality, this also applies to suggestions for information support and organization of systems.

Train-induced vibration mitigation based on foundation improvement

The distance between railway systems and buildings has been significantly reduced due to the rapid development of public transportation. Environmental vibration is increasingly influencing human health and comfort as well as vibration-sensitive equipment. To alleviate the issue, amplifying the coupling loss between soil and building using foundation improvement techniques, is an effective way to mitigate building vibration from external sources. In this study, a 4-story building need to be built over the railway was used to study the vibration mitigation by foundation improvement. The vibration mitigation performance of foundation design parameters, including foundation type, shear wave velocity of soil, distance from the source, pile diameter, pile length, dimension of the pile cap, and pile group, were studied by a finite element method model. A guideline for optimizing foundation design, which can effectively improve the coupling loss between soil and foundation, has been proposed and applied to the construction of a 4-story building. The train-track dynamic model and the full-scale track-ground-building finite element method model were built to predict the proposed building vibration with the designed foundation. The measurement was conducted before and after the building construction to validate the accuracy of model and the feasibility of the foundation improvement design. The soil-foundation coupling loss is significant from 10 to 80 Hz, which indicates the foundation improvement for vibration mitigation by amplifying the coupling loss is feasible.

Evaluation of Bus Lane Layouts Based on a Bi-Level Programming Model—Using Part of the Qingshan Lake District of Nanchang City, China, as an Example

Bus lanes have gradually become an indispensable infrastructure for the development of urban public transportation networks. A bi-level programming model is used herein to compare the total travel time of social vehicles and buses before and after the bus lane is set up to judge whether the bus lane layout plan is scientific and reasonable considering the road network. The model’s effectiveness is verified using areas of Qingshan Lake in Nanchang City, and the operational efficiency of one bus lane before and after establishing the dedicated bus lane is analyzed. The case results show that the bus lane layout evaluation needs to consider the traffic benefits of a specific road and also judge whether the total travel time of the network traffic volume is improved from the macroscopic road network level. The research results provide theoretical support for the rational layout of bus lanes and are of practical significance for prioritizing the development of public transportation and promoting the sustainable development of urban transportation.

Examining the Connectivity between Urban Rail Transport and Regular Bus Transport

According to the principle of urban transport integration and sustainable development, in this work, we study the level of connection between urban rail transit and regular bus transport, construct an evaluation indicator system according to the characteristics of the connection system, use the entropy weighting method (EWM) to calculate the weights of the indicators to determine the influence of each indicator on the level of connection, and construct a TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model, which can make an overall evaluation of objects subject to multiple factors to analyze the level of connection between rail transit stations. Finally, the system of evaluation indicators and the analysis of the level of connection are applied to an example of a rail transit station in operation in Wuxi city, and the problems of connection and interchange in the case station are analyzed. We find that 57.5% of rail stations in Wuxi have low connectivity and that interchange information service and average transfer time are the most influential factors. This study defines and quantifies eight key indicators that influence the level of rail-transit connectivity to quantify and grade the connectivity of different stations, and selects the city of Wuxi as a case study for validation. Our research provides theoretical support and practical guidance for improving rail transit interchange capacity and the sustainable development of public transport.

Collaborative Optimization Model for the Design and Operation of Feeder Bus Routes Based on Urban Metro

The collaborative development of conventional buses and urban metro has become an important research topic for the priority development of urban public transport. The topic of collaborative optimization of feeder bus route design and operation is studied in this study. The objective function is to minimize the total travel time of passengers and the operation cost of feeder buses. The improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the collaborative optimization model, and the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified through the case study. The research shows that it is feasible in model construction and algorithm to carry out collaborative optimization of feeder bus route design and operation. Compared with the multiple-to-one (M to 1) mode, the multiple-to-multiple (M to M) mode can better satisfy the needs of passengers from different places of departure and destinations to achieve a more reasonable and realistic goal. The case study is based on two metro stations and 16 feeder bus stops on Fuzhou Metro line 2 to obtain two bus routes and a corresponding operation scheme. Under the same topology road network, the operation time of the improved PSO algorithm is much shorter than the DFS algorithm, the total cost error of the feeder bus is 0.04%, and the departure frequency error is 4.6%, which is within the reasonable error range. Therefore, the collaborative optimization model proposed in this study is feasible and effective in optimizing the feeder bus routes and operation.

Perspektif Politik Lingkungan dalam Membangun Transportasi Publik Berkelanjutan

The development of sustainable public transportation is important to overcome environmental problems. In various parts of the world, the development of sustainable public transportation has begun to become a concern. Unfortunately, the development in Depok City has not received serious attention, especially from the government as a policy maker. This article will discuss the low political will of stakeholders in Depok City which will be discussed in the perspective of Environmental Politics. This study uses qualitative descriptive method to describe the political will of actors in Depok City in realizing sustainable development, especially in the field of transportation. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, policy studies, literature studies, and observation which were then analyzed qualitatively using descriptive analysis methods. The results show that the Depok City Government has used the term green transportation in its policies. However, these policies have not been implemented properly, so the problem of green public transportation in Depok City has not been resolved to this day.

Improving Transport Services in Bryansk

The object of the study of the article is the passenger transport network of the city of Bryansk. The task of improving transport services for the population is solved in the context of modernising vehicle fleet, transport infrastructure and in-depth implementation of digital technologies. The analytical method allowed to assess the state of the transport system of the city of Bryansk. The assessment touched upon several interrelated areas that provide a high quality of transport services. The data were obtained by studying open Internet resources, including the website of the administration of the city of Bryansk, and through field observations. Work on updating the fleet of route vehicles is carried out within the framework of the «Concept for development of public transport in the city of Bryansk for the period 2015–2025», which over the past four years has led to a significant renewal of the bus fleet of medium and large capacity and to the decrease in the share of buses of small capacity. The road network has also been significantly upgraded. The routes of urban passenger transport have been analysed from the point of view of the degree of duplication. Guidelines for improving the routes of the transport network are proposed.

For a more transformational zero tariff debate

The core question of this text is whether the current intensified debate on zero tariff in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the consequences of its management, and of inflation resp. rising energy and food prices especially due to the Ukraine war offers possibilities to strengthen the idea and concept of zero tariff as a transformational instrument. The analysis of the discussion and literature on practical zero tariff experiences shows that the challenge is to target the debate on the long term, focusing upon the predictability of positive outcomes as an issue of public health. The focus must be on socially and ecologically sustainable mobility, on the development of public transport and the strong relativisation of the car as a means of satisfying mobility needs.

Passenger Satisfaction Evaluation and Achieving Sustainable Integrated Urban Transport: Structural Equation Analysis Based on Macau Data

The sustainable development of urban transport is the key to sustainable urban development. This study analyses and identifies the evaluation indicators affecting Macau’s transport, and analyses the relationship between the relevant evaluation indicators and passenger satisfaction, thus contributing to the improvement and the sustainable development of Macau’s public transport services. This study uses a questionnaire to collect data. Based on the current situation of Macau’s social groups, the mainland students in Macau who were selected as the target group are significantly different from residents and tourists in Macau; their needs and perceptions of public transport are more intense. This group’s needs and perceptions of public transport are significantly different from those of residents and tourists. The set indicators of satisfaction with public transport in Macau reflect them. After analyzing and determining the evaluation indicators, structural equation modeling was applied to establish the structural models of Macau’s three public transport services. Finally, the shortcomings of the three public transport services were reflected through the standardized coefficient weights and passenger satisfaction. The study results show that the seating arrangement and smoothness of travel of Macau’s public transport services need to be improved, and the dial-a-ride service’s price setting and waiting time need to be improved. The price setting, convenience of hailing, and payment method of the taxi service need to be improved. In contrast, overall, the satisfaction level of the dial-a-ride service is significantly higher than that of the taxi service. Therefore, the findings of the study have important policy implications for relevant policymakers, who should not only focus on optimizing daily operations but, more importantly, on improving the shortcomings mentioned above, which are of great value in enhancing the passengers’ perception of public transport in Macau and are also crucial to achieving the sustainable development of public transport in Macau.

Development of public transport perception by its users during the pandemic: qualitative study from Czechia

Since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, the transport sector has faced new challenges connected with decreasing use of public transport and passengers' concerns about possible contagion. Using focus groups and data collection by telephone interviews during the different phases of the pandemic, we investigated passengers' current concerns connected with public transport and what measures would help alleviate their fear of using it again. Our findings show that the pandemic has amplified passengers' sensitivity to phenomena they perceived negatively already before the pandemic, such as overcrowded vehicles, odours, or inadequate cleaning of vehicles. An appeal to people's own responsibility, appropriate communication by key institutions, increasing sanitation standards and promotion of contactless services are crucial for a safe travel feeling during and after the pandemic. The technological solutions, such as cashless payments, real-time-information for adequate guidance of users, more sophisticated ventilation systems etc. gained even more significance during the COVID-19 pandemic. In spite of various measures taken in the PT system, users reduced their PT trips substantially. The fear of COVID-19 contagion has been one of the reasons, although the fear of PT use has not been greater than the fear of contagion in other situations, such as shopping. One of the reasons for passengers´ decline was also the PT service reduction in frequency or number of connections. On the other hand, PT operators have been exposed to an enormous pressure to ensure sanitary requirements and had to overcome economic shortages due to a decreased demand and increased costs, so they had to find a viable balance between a necessary supply and safe operation during the COVID-19 waves. The study brings an overview of measures and changes in PT demand and gives a complex view on the development of attitudes and experience with PT use in the Czech Republic during the different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results bring recommendations to PT providers, transport authorities and other institutions dealing with mobility and public health. Implementation of such measures can minimize the risk of contagion by COVID-19 or other respiratory infections and will help further development of public transport as a sustainable transport mode in the post-pandemic era.

Forecasting metro rail transit passenger flow with multiple-attention deep neural networks and surrounding vehicle detection devices.

In the rapid development of public transportation led, the traffic flow prediction has become one of the most crucial issues, especially estimating the number of passengers using the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system. In general, predicting the passenger flow of traffic is a time-series problem that requires external information to improve accuracy. Because many MRT passengers take cars or buses to MRT stations, this study used external information from vehicle detection (VD) devices to improve the prediction of passenger flow. This study proposed a deep learning architecture, called a multiple-attention deep neural network (MADNN) model, based on historical MRT passenger flow and the flow from surrounding VD devices that estimates the weights of the vehicle detection devices. The model consists of (1) an MRT attention layer (MRT-AL) that generate hidden features for MRT stations, (2) a surrounding VD (SVD) attention layer (SVD-AL) that generate hidden features for SVD devices, and (3) an MRT-SVD attention layer (MRT-SVD-AL) that generate attention weights for each VD device in an MRT station. The results of the investigation indicated that the MADNN model outperformed the models without multiple-attention mechanisms in predicting the passenger flow of MRT traffic.

Short-Time Bus Route Passenger Flow Prediction Based on a Secondary Decomposition Integration Method

Bus passenger flow is one of the decisive factors for the development of public transportation. Therefore, accurate prediction of real-time passenger flow on bus routes not only helps bus companies to make reasonable scheduling plans to meet the travel needs of passengers but also promotes the sound development of urban public transportation and reduces pollution. In this paper, we propose a secondary decomposition integration method that combines empirical modal decomposition (EMD), sample entropy (SE), and kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) to achieve a short-time prediction of bus route passenger flow. The EMD decomposes the original passenger flow data into several intrinsic mode functions, measures the complexity of the decomposed intrinsic mode functions using SE, and performs a secondary decomposition of the intrinsic mode functions with the highest complexity using EMD, followed by the prediction of the two decomposition results using KELM. The final predicted result is the sum of the two results. The model is verified by the real card-swiping data of two bus lines per minute. Each group of data has 300 data, with 80% of the data as the training set and the remaining 20% as the test set, which can predict the passenger flow per minute. The experimental results show that the short-term bus passenger flow forecasting method proposed in this paper has high accuracy and good robustness.

Longitudinal analysis of public transport usage by older people using a latent Markov model

ABSTRACT Understanding trends in public transport usage by older people over the years is important for the long-term planning and development of age-friendly public transport. Despite extensive research on travel patterns of older people, very limited studies have explored the evolution oftheir public transport usage over the years. Using six years of smartcard transaction data and anonymous cardholder membership data from Shizuoka, Japan, we develop a latent Markov model to account for unobserved heterogeneity and to analyze the evolution of public transport usage by older people. The results indicate that age, gender, and residential built environment influence trends in publictransport usage by older adults over the years. There are five latentstates for older men and women, respectively, demonstrating theexistence of unobserved heterogeneity. Propensity to use public transport affected by unobserved factors tends to retain the same, especially for older people in the latent states of very low, low, and very high propensities.

Exploring continuance intention to use electric motorcycles among students in Hanoi using expectation confirmation theory

To sustain the development of urban transportation, electrifying private motorized vehicles is a top goal besides the development of public transport. This study aims at investigating the influential factors of continuance intention to use electric motorcycles based on an extension of Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT). To empirically test the proposed conceptual framework, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and the data of 394 students in Hanoi collected in August 2022 are used. The results show that perceived usefulness and satisfaction directly facilitate the continuance intention while perceived ease of use and expectation confirmation have indirect positive effects. Female students tend to have less intention to continue using electric motorcycles while those living in non-urban districts seem to have a higher continuance intention. The prediction capacity of the model is high with over 65% of the variance of continuance intention being explained by (independent) constructs. Based on the findings of influential factors, the authors propose practical implications for triggering the use of electric motorcycles among students