Development Of Physical Fitness Research Articles

A112: Effects of Healthy Physical Education Curriculum Model of China on Student Physical Fitness

Purpose: The development of Healthy Physical Education Curriculum Model of China (HPE-C) was aimed for students’ physical and mental health. Some studies have proved that the application of HPE-C can effectively improve Chinese primary and secondary school students' physical fitness. However, the results of these studies were not uniform due to the differences in intervention methods, experimental periods, and regions. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to specifically synthesize the evidence for HPE-C for Chinese primary and secondary school students’ physical fitness. Methods: An extensive online search, utilizing keywords such as 'Healthy Physical Education Curriculum Model of China,' 'Primary school,' 'Middle school,' 'High school,' 'Application effect,' and 'Experimental study,' yielded over 80 published studies within the past 7 years. The databases employed for the search included CNKI, CQVIP, and the WanFang database. The eligibility criteria required that the research: (a) had full-text availability, (b) involved primary and secondary students aged 7-18 years in China, (c) conducted a randomized controlled trial or quasi-experiment, and (d) reported essential parameters such as sample size, mean difference, and standard deviation. Since the outcome measures were continuous variables, mean difference or standardized mean difference was utilized. Effect sizes, along with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated using Review Manager 5.4 software, and the heterogeneity among effect sizes was assessed through I² statistics. Results: A total of 81 studies and articles were considered for inclusion and 11 studies qualified for this review. Seven studies used 50-meter running to test the speed quality of students, had an effect size of -0.24, 95%CI[-0.30,-0.18], Z=7.73 (p < 0.00001). Five studies used sit and reach to test the flexibility quality of students, had an effect size (mean difference) of 0.59, 95%CI[-0.03,1.20]， Z=1.87(p=0.06). Four studies used stand long jump to test the strength quality of students with an effect size (mean difference) of 4.66, 95%CI[2.16,7.17], Z=3.65(p=0.0003). Five studies tested the student’s endurance quality with 1000-meter running for male students and 800-meter running for female students, had an effect standardized mean difference of -12.56, 95%CI[-20.47,-4.65], Z=3.11(p=0.002). Conclusions: This meta-analysis shows that the application of HPE-C had an significant effect on the speed, strength and endurance of Chinese primary and secondary school students, but the effects on flexibility is not significant. Teachers should attach importance to the exercise of students' flexibility in order to promote the all-round development of students' physical fitness when applying HPE-C.

Growth and development and trends in overweight and obesity among 7-12 years old Hmong children in China: an analysis of eight successive national surveys from 1985 to 2019.

To explore the dynamic changes and trends in the body shape of Hmong children aged 7-12 years from 1985 to 2019, and to predict them, to provide a reference for the physical health level of Hmong children. The body shape data of Hmong children aged 7-12 years old from the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) in 1985, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2019 were used for longitudinal comparative analysis, and the grey GM(1,1) model was established based on this as a time series. Forecast the future development trend in 2025 and 2030. 1) From 1985 to 2019, all indicators of body shape of Hmong primary school students showed an upward trend, the increase in height (F Boys = 3.91, p > 0.05; F Girls = 3.91, p > 0.05), weight (F Boys = 8.04, p < 0.01; F Girls = 6.36, p < 0.05) and BMI (F Boys = 19.15, p < 0.01; F Girls = 10.24, p < 0.01) increased with age, rate of growth: Weight > BMI > Height, girls grow faster than boys; 2) The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased year by year, from 5.2 and 1.2% in 1991 to 12.4% (χ2 linear trend = 3.89, p < 0.05) and 8.7% (χ2 linear trend = 3.98, p < 0.05) in 2014, respectively, showing a significant growth trend, especially after 2000, overweight and obesity have entered a stage of rapid growth; 3) The forecast results show that the height, weight and BMI will continue to increase in 2025 and 2030, but the growth rate will decrease, the increase of weight and BMI is greater than the height, overweight and obesity are still expected to increase rapidly. The growth and development level of Hmong elementary children continues to increase, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing year by year, requiring early prevention and intervention to promote the healthy development of physical fitness of Hmong, as well as other ethnic minority students.

Physical education lessons improve physical fitness and functional mobility in rural children with limited participation in regular physical activities: comparison of integrated neuromuscular training and core stabilization training

Abstract Study aim: It is crucial for children to thrive and grow up healthy, but without adequate physical fitness and mobility, this can be difficult to attain. Unfortunately, those living in rural areas are at a particular disadvantage when it comes to access to regular physical activity. However, by including exercise programs in the physical education lessons curriculum, these children can be provided with the opportunity to develop these crucial attributes. This study aims to investigate and compare the effects of core stabilization training (CST) and integrated neuromuscular training (INT) applied in physical education lessons on children’s physical condition and functional mobility. Material and methods: The study included 30 rural children (CST group: n = 15; INT group: n = 15) who did not regularly engage in physical activity. They underwent one hour of training twice a week for eight weeks in physical education lessons. Results: At the end of 8 weeks, increases were observed in core stability, right hamstring flexibility, and functional mobility values in both groups (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: As a result, CST or INT programs applied in physical education lessons may be preferred for the development of physical fitness and physical mobility in children who do not regularly participate in physical activities, and they can provide equal opportunities.

Analysis of the Innovative Mode of Cooperative Education of Ideological and Political Education and Professional Education

Sino-foreign cooperationin Polytechnic University is one of the important forms of internationalization of higher education in the new era. However, under the mode of Sino-foreign cooperation, the collaborative education of ideological and political education and professional education in Colleges and universities is facing some difficulties. This paper makes an in-depth analysis of these dilemmas and explores the dialectical relationship between ideological and political education and digital transformation. Secondly, it puts forward the problem that the Sino-foreign cooperative curriculum system attaches little importance to ideological and political education, and discusses the conservative abstraction of the teaching mode of Sino-foreign cooperative ideological and political theory course. Finally, it points out the challenge that the Party and Youth League organization of college students majoring in Sino-foreign cooperation is not fully developed. In order to solve these problems, this paper puts forward the path of ideological and political education suitable for Sino-foreign cooperative education mode in polytechnic universities. Specifically, it includes the teaching mode of digital enabling ideological and political education courses, the construction of campus culture of ideological and political education in Sino-foreign cooperation, the cultivation path of "Teachers'Morality" in Sino-foreign cooperation and the reform of ideological and political education mode. Through the exploration and implementation of these paths, we can enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political education and cultivate high-quality talents with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, beauty and labor. This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the innovative mode of ideological and political education and professional education in the perspective of Sino-foreign cooperation in polytechnic universities, which is of great significance to promote high-quality development.

Construction of a physical fitness evaluation index system and model for high-level freestyle skiing aerials athletes in China.

This study aims to enhance the competitive level of Chinese freestyle skiing aerials athletes by developing a specialized physical fitness evaluation index system and model tailored for high-level Chinese athletes. This system intends to provide theoretical references and training monitoring schemes in preparation for the 25th Milan Winter Olympics. A study was conducted on 29 high-level Chinese freestyle skiing aerials athletes. Physical fitness test indexes were selected using a literature review, expert interviews, and questionnaire surveys, and athletes were tested. Athletes were ensured to be in optimal physical condition before testing. Based on the test results, the representative indexes of the evaluation system are finally determined by combining R-type clustering analysis, multiple linear regression analysis. Determine index weights through weight questionnaires and normalization, and develop evaluation standards through methods such as percentile counting and weighted scoring. Physical fitness evaluation system for Chinese freestyle skiing aerialists includes three aspects: evaluation index, index weight, and evaluation standard. The evaluation indexes include 3 first-level, 11 second-level, and 11 third-level indexes of body form, physiological function, and physical quality. In the evaluation weight, physical quality is ranked first, and physiological function and body form rank second and third, respectively. The evaluation standard consists of a scoring evaluation standard and a rating evaluation standard. Based on the index system, this study constructs the general and ideal physical fitness model of China's high-level freestyle aerials athletes. The constructed physical fitness evaluation system effectively represents physical fitness development status of high-level freestyle skiing aerials athletes, providing a basis for creating personalized training plans. The established model serves as a reference for athletes' physical fitness development objectives.

The Effects of Mountain Hiking on Physical Condition of Youth Basketball Players during the Preparatory Phase

In team sports, according to perform variety of motor skills, development of special abilities and overall physical fitness it is of great importance to optimize the training programs which involves progressive cycling of various aspects during a specific periods of time. Most coaches and athletes change the intensity, volume, and exercises in their workouts to improve performance. Little is known about the effects of mountain hiking on physical condition and preparation of youth basketball players and implementation of such activities in the training programs. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effects of a mountain hiking on the physical condition of youth basketball players during the preparatory phase and to compare the results with the results of a control group of players performing standard training sessions in the same training period.

Application of Big Data Technology to Evaluate Gray Correlation Entropy in higher Education Sector

INTRODUCTION: The quality of ideological and political competence in colleges and universities is crucial to cultivating socialist builders and successors with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, and aesthetics.&#x0D; OBJECTIVES: To scientifically evaluate the capacity of ideological and political competence in colleges and universities, adopt the evaluation method based on gray correlation entropy in AI to construct a complete indicator system that comprehensively reflects multiple aspects of ideological and political competence in colleges and universities.&#x0D; METHODS: By quantitatively analyzing the indicators and comprehensively considering the weights and degree of correlation of the hands, the evaluation results of the ideological and political competence capacity of colleges and universities can be derived, and this method can objectively and scientifically assess the strengths and weaknesses of the ideological and political competence capacity of colleges and universities and provide colleges and universities with the basis for improving and optimizing ideological and political competence.&#x0D; RESULTS: The evaluation method based on gray correlation entropy in the context of AI helps to improve the quality and effect of ideological and political competence in colleges and universities and promotes the overall improvement of students' ideological and political quality, as seen through the analysis of examples.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: The evaluation method also provides new ideas and plans for the research of the ideological and political competence capacity of colleges and universities, which has strong feasibility and practicality and offers colleges and universities the basis for the scientific evaluation of ideological and political competence, which helps to improve the quality and level of ideological and political competence in colleges and universities.

The influence of home isolation during COVID-19 on the physical fitness development of college students: a study utilizing repeated measures analysis of variance

BackgroundResearch on the impact of COVID-19-induced home isolation on the physical fitness of college students is limited. This study aims to compare and analyze the physical fitness test scores of college students in two groups: those who experienced home isolation and those who did not, over three consecutive years after enrolment, to investigate the effects of home isolation on the physical fitness development of Chinese college students.MethodsThis comparative study included two longitudinal surveys conducted among medical college students. The participants were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The physical fitness indicators measured included body mass index (BMI), vital capacity (VC), 50-metre run, sit-and-reach, standing long jump, 1000/800-metre runs (males/females), pull-ups (males) and sit-ups (females). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed, and the Greenhouse-Geisser correction was applied when Mauchly’s assumption of sphericity was violated. Pairwise comparisons were conducted using the Bonferroni method.ResultsA total of 6580 students participated in the study, with 3360 students (1490 males, 1870 females) enrolled in 2019 as the experimental group and 3220 students (1326 males, 1894 females) enrolled in 2017 as the control group. All participants completed the physical fitness tests for three consecutive years. The results showed that the experimental group exhibited decreased performance in the 1000-metre and 800-metre runs, and improved performance in the sit-and-reach test. After the end of home isolation, there was an improvement in the performance of the 1000-metre run and 800-metre run, while no significant differences were observed in the trends of the other tested indicators.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that the home isolation environment during COVID-19 had a significant impact on the physical fitness of college students, specifically in terms of endurance and flexibility qualities, as well as male BMI. To better prepare for future public health emergencies and mitigate the effects of isolation, teaching students endurance exercises that can be performed at home should be prioritized. Furthermore, physical education programs should be improved to enhance student flexibility.

Effective, accessible and easy-to-use technologies for the integral development of motor and cognitive abilities of young football players in the modern realities of Ukraine: a review article

Background and purpose. The current level of football development requires the combined development of physical fitness and various cognitive aspects. That is why the development and application of technologies that combine the development of motor skills and various aspects of cognition are needed. Purpose: on the basis of the analysis of modern scientific literature, to determine the most effective, accessible, easy-to-use technologies for the integral development of motor and cognitive abilities of young football players in the modern realities of Ukraine.&#x0D; Material and methods. Internet platforms Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed were used to select articles for analysis of the effectiveness of various technologies for the combined development of motor and cognitive abilities of young football players. The benefits were for issues of categories Q1-Q3 for 2020-2023. Also, preference was given to randomized control studies in which a reliable effect of the applied technologies on both motor and cognitive abilities was found at a significance level of less than 0.05. Based on the articles selected in this way, an analysis of the technologies of integral development of cognitive and motor skills of young football players was carried out. The technologies had to meet the following criteria: efficiency, integrality of impact, accessibility.&#x0D; Results. As a result of the search for literary sources on the topic of the integral influence on the motor and cognitive abilities of young football players, 4360 sources were selected using the keyword "football", from which, after clarification, the keywords "physical fitness", "motor abilities", "psychophysiological capabilities" were selected. "nervous system", "cognitive abilities", "intelligence" 143 sources were selected, from which 30 sources were identified for analysis. Of these sources, 6 reflect the relationship between psychophysiological and intellectual aspects of cognitive abilities and motor readiness, 4 sources reflect the development of the aspect of movement perception, and 20 articles are devoted to technologies and methods for the development of motor readiness with a combined effect on various aspects of cognitive abilities.&#x0D; Conclusions. The analysis of literary sources according to the parameters of effectiveness, accessibility and ease of application of technologies for the integral development of motor and cognitive abilities allowed us to highlight the following: 1 – the technology of using balls of different sizes to develop the accuracy of movements in combination with performing exercises with balls from various sports and by exercises with balls to develop attention, speed of mental processes, reaction and ability to concentrate; 2 – the technology of developing "feeling of the ball" to combine the impact on the aspect of perception in cognitive abilities and accuracy of movements; 3 - the technology of using plyometric exercises in water for the integral development of the ability to control the body in space and speed-power abilities. The use of football as a means of integral influence on the development of cognitive and motor abilities was also highlighted separately.

Correlations Between Shoulder and Hip Joints in Professional Male Rugby Players and Their Impact on Body Balance

Introduction: The game of rugby is becoming more and more popular, despite the fact that it is a collision sport in which skill plays a large role. In the training process, great importance is placed on the development of general physical fitness, in particular, on strength, power and muscular endurance.Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse the co-organisation between range of motion, body balance, power and speed of the kick and throw in men practicing rugby.Material and methods: The study involved 19 players training rugby on the Extraleague team of MKS Ogniwo Sopot, with an average age of 27.325.49. The Inbody 270 body composition analyser, the EPSR1 mat measuring the distribution of foot pressure on the ground, the WiVA sensor for measuring the range of motion and the Tendo Unit for measuring the explosive force were used to carry out testing.Results: The results indicate that people with a higher level of balance perform a throw with more power and speed. It was also shown that the range of motion in the upper limb is directly proportional to the range of motion in the hip joint.Conclusions: In the sport of rugby, flexion and extension movements of both the shoulder and hip joints are performed alternately. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in rugby athletes, balance training deserves special attention, which may translate into greater speed and power of the throw during a game. At the same time, an increase in the range of motion when flexing the arm and an increase in the pressure on the forefoot were noted, and the inversely proportional relationship between the COP area of the whole body and the heel area of the left foot may indicate the transfer of body mass by the tested players to the metatarsal and forefoot.

EFFECTIVENESS OF SELECTED PHYSICAL FITNESS EXERCISES FOR MALE FOOTBALL PLAYERS AT LY TU TRONG COLLEGE, HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;: Football, often hailed as the "king of sports," boasts millions of players and enthusiasts. It is a sport rich in emotion, intelligence, and creativity, offering a thrilling and impassioned experience. Football matches are characterized by their high-paced tempo, extended durations, the competitive intensity of matches, and the need for rapid decision-making and the maintenance of physical endurance within tight timeframes. In training and competition, football athletes are required to not only grasp and master fundamental techniques as a robust foundation for executing technical maneuvers flawlessly in diverse situations but also exhibit considerable physical stamina. As a result, physical fitness emerges as a pivotal element. &lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;: The study enrolled 24 male athletes from the football team at Ly Tu Trong College, Ho Chi Minh City, aged between 18 and 20. The experimental training regimen encompassed 15 exercises tailored for physical fitness development during 5 months. More particular, participants underwent three training sessions per week, each lasting 120 minutes, with 30 minutes dedicated to physical fitness training. &lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;: The outcomes of the study revealed that, following the experiment, the performance of all specialized assessments for male athletes of Ly Tu Trong College Football Team in Ho Chi Minh City exhibited statistically significant differences at a significance level of P&amp;lt;0.05 with t&lt;sub&gt;calculated &lt;/sub&gt;&amp;gt; t&lt;sub&gt;0.05&lt;/sub&gt; = 2.069. The average growth rate was calculated at &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;= 4.01%, with test 1 registering the highest average growth rate at &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;= 5.06%, while test 3 displayed the lowest average growth rate at &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;= 2.17%. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: It has successfully selected five fitness assessment tests and a comprehensive collection of 15 specialized physical fitness development exercises for male athletes of Ly Tu Trong College Football Team in Ho Chi Minh City. These measures aim to enhance the team's overall performance and competitiveness in the realm of football.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0056/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Theoretical and practical research on orienteering and experiential sports applications in higher education physical education teaching

This paper aims to explore the theoretical and practical research on targeted and experiential sports applications in higher education physical education teaching. Research purpose: to propose effective teaching strategies and methods for higher education physical education, so as to promote the comprehensive development of students' physical fitness and sports abilities. Research method: This study employs a combination of literature analysis and empirical research. Research findings: The application of targeted and experiential sports in higher education physical education has a significant impact on enhancing students' overall physical fitness and sports abilities. Research conclusion: Promoting targeted and experiential sports in higher education physical education requires proper curriculum design and organization, student training and guidance, as well as strict safety management and risk control.

PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR GERAK MOTORIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE BERMAIN PESERTA DIDIK KELAS 1 SDN SAWUNGGALING VIII/ 389 KOTA SURABAYA

Physical Education is an important component of a well-rounded education. Physical Education involves the development of physical fitness, motor movement skills, and social skills through physical fitness activities. Physical Education as an integral part of education has a role in the learning done by students to be in accordance with teaching at the right level. In its application, it is treated with the play method. Elementary school age has an important aspect that must be stimulated in addition to cognitive and affective is the psychomotor (learning) motor of students. The first step to support ideal growth and development by providing stimulation to children's motor movements. This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of motor movements with the play method for grade 1 students of SDN Sawunggaling 8 Surabaya. Researchers used the Classroom Action Research method with a total of 32 students. The results of this study conducted from cycle I to cycle III experienced a significant increase in learning outcomes, in cycle I (48.54%), cycle II (59.58%) and cycle III (76.74%).

Conditioning Training towards the Development of Physical Fitness among Junior High School Athletes

The achievement of student-athletes in various sports is often linked to the rigor of training that prepares them for competitions and enhances their physical fitness. Thus, this study determined the relationship between the engagement in conditioning training of a random sample of 76 junior high school student-athletes to the development of their physical fitness along health-related and skill-related physical fitness components. The researcher employed a descriptive correlational study through the administration of a researcher-made questionnaire and a Revised Physical Fitness Test by the Department of Education. Collected data were gathered, tabulated, interpreted, and treated using frequency count, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson r. The study revealed that the student-athletes were mostly of normal Body Mass Index (BMI), engaged in team sports, had been athletes for 4 to 5 years, and participated in competitions within the division level. They were highly engaged in conditioning training which enhanced the development of their physical fitness as affirmed by the computed r-values when these variables were paired for correlation. This study calls for revitalized conditioning training through innovations and engagement in co-curricular and extra-curricular focusing on health-related and skill-related physical fitness. This revitalization can be incorporated into the athletic program to ensure continuous sports achievements and enhancement of the physical fitness of student-athletes. Keywords – conditioning training, physical fitness, sports, student-athletes.

Physical fitness of primary school children differs depending on their timing of school enrollment

Previous research has shown that children who were enrolled to school according to the legal key date (i.e., keyage children, between eight and nine years in third grade) exhibited a linear physical fitness development in the ninth year of life. In contrast, children who were enrolled with a delay (i.e., older-than-keyage children [OTK], between nine and ten years in third grade) exhibited a lower physical fitness compared to what would be expected for their age. In these studies, cross-sectional age differences within third grade and timing of school enrollment were confounded. The present study investigated the longitudinal development of keyage and OTK children from third to fifth grade. This design also afforded a comparison of the two groups at the same average chronological age, that is a dissociation of the effects of timing of school enrollment and age. We tested six physical fitness components: cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed, power of lower and upper limbs, and static balance. 1502 children (i.e., 1206 keyage and 296 OTK children) from 35 schools were tested in third, fourth, and fifth grade. Except for cardiorespiratory endurance, both groups developed from third to fourth and from fourth to fifth grade and keyage children outperformed OTK children at the average ages of 9.5 or 10.5 years. For cardiorespiratory endurance, there was no significant gain from fourth to fifth grade and keyage and OTK children did not differ significantly at 10.5 years of age. One reason for a delayed school enrollment could be that a child is (or is perceived as) biologically younger than their chronological age at the school entry examination, implying a negative correlation between chronological and biological age for OTK children. Indeed, a simple reflection of chronological age brought the developmental rate of the chronologically youngest OTK children in line with the developmental rate observed for keyage children, but did not eliminate all differences. The mapping of chronological and biological age of OTK children and other possible reasons for lower physical fitness of OTK children remain a task for future research.

Pelatihan Pembinaan Kebugaran Jasmani Peserta Ekstrakurikuler Olahraga SMA 3 Sentani, Kabupaten Jayapura

This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge of students participating in sports extracurriculars about developing physical fitness, regarding forms of physical fitness tests, and compiling menus for coaching physical fitness training. This activity was carried out at SMA Negeri 3 Sentani as an activity partner. The results of this activity show that: 1) sports extracurricular participants understand various aspects of physical fitness, 2) sports extracurricular participants are able to take a physical fitness test, and 3) sports extracurricular participants can design a physical fitness training menu. The monitoring and evaluation process is carried out through a pretest and posttest to measure students' knowledge of aspects of physical fitness, fitness tests, and exercise menus before and after activities are carried out. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test, the average pre-test score was 7.5 and the post-test was 13.4. These results indicate an increase in student knowledge after participating in physical fitness development training in sports extracurriculars at SMA Negeri 3 Sentani.

USING KINESIOTHERAPY IN THE REHABILITATION PROGRAM OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

The article presents the results of the use of decompression trainer and parter articular gymnastics exercises in rehabilitation of children with various forms of cerebral palsy (PTSD), formation and development of basic movement skills, physical fitness and endurance. The rehabilitation program for children diagnosed with PTSD was planned taking into account individual capabilities and needs. In order to increase the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program, the method of replacing training sessions was used. All treatment procedures are based on forms of play. The rehabilitation procedure is adapted to the level of personal development of the child, focusing on his strengths and needs. Passive, active and combined training methods were alternately used. Due to the introduction of the method of using the decompression trainer and parter articular gymnastics in the complex rehabilitation program, the volume of active movements and manipulative activity in patients increases, while the achieved results are preserved for a long time. KEY WORDS: children; cerebral palsy; rehabilitation; kinesiotherapy

A survey on the current situation of aesthetic education curriculum in middle and primary schools and suggestions for countermeasures

The construction of aesthetic education curriculum in middle and primary schools is a necessary measure to promote the comprehensive development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor. School education is the main channel for achieving the goal of aesthetic education. However, a survey of middle and primary school teachers from 26 provinces and cities in China reveals that there are still many important problems in the implementation of aesthetic education, including unclear content and value of aesthetic education, lack of content in aesthetic education curriculum, single organizational form, outdated methods, and inadequate supervision system for aesthetic education curriculum, and so on. This research proposes strategies for improvement based on the current situation of aesthetic education curriculum in middle and primary schools

Correction of the Physical Condition of Children 5-6 Years Old Who Are Engaged Gymnastics In Sports Shools

The article deals with the assessment of physical development and level of physical fitness of children 5-6 years’ old who are engaged in gymnastics in sports schools with the analysis of physiometric measurements, in particular: vital capacity of the lungs, dynamometry, respiratory rate and heart rate, as well as a detailed analysis of the level of physical fitness with the help of pedagogical testing.&#x0D; During the research, theoretical analysis was used, namely the analysis and generalization of literary sources, systematization, comparison of different views on the problem under study, content analysis of textbooks for the purpose of studying the theoretical and methodical foundations of physical education of sports school students, methods of determining anthropometric data and methods of mathematical statistics and data processing, as well as pedagogical testing methods.&#x0D; The results of the assessment of children's physical capacity allowed us to conclude that in most people it corresponds to the average level, and in a third of children, small functional reserves were found. The indicators of vital capacity of the lungs also corresponded to the average statistical indicators, аnalyzing the obtained data regarding the development of physical qualities, it can be proven that almost all test indicators that characterize the physical fitness of children are at low and below average levels. In none of the tests did the children demonstrate a high level, the analysis of individual results of assessing the level of physical fitness of children 5-6 years old shows that 40.7% of the subjects have an average level of physical fitness, 14.8% have an above average level, 25.9% of children have a below average level, 18.5% have a low level % of people. Therefore, we selected 120 children (44.4%) with low and below average levels of physical fitness to conduct recreational gymnastics classes with them according to the author's program.&#x0D; The results of our research proved that most of the indicators of physical development and functional state of children 5-6 years old who do gymnastics in sports schools correspond to the age norm, however, the analysis of individual results of assessing the level of physical fitness of 5-6-year-old children shows that 40.7% of the subjects have an average level of physical fitness, 14.8% have an above average level, 25.9% of children have a below average level, 18% have a low level, 5% of people

Effects of Different Teaching Approaches on Proxy Measures of Physical Fitness of Italian Kindergarten Children.

Developing physical fitness (PF) behaviors early in life enhances physical development and facilitates sustained participation in physical activity and sports across childhood. This study addressed the effect of different teaching approaches on precursors of PF in kindergarten children. A total of 178 children (5.45 ± 0.40 years, female = 92) from 11 classes were organized into three groups. Group 1 (structured activity + free play) and Group 2 (only free play) attended the same playground (PrimoSport0246) for one hour/week for 10 weeks. Group 3 (structured activity + free play in kindergarten) followed their standard physical education curriculum at school. PF tests (standing long jump, medicine ball throw, and 20 m running speed) were administered pre- and post-intervention. Factorial ANOVA was implemented using a percentage change in PF performance (PFC) as the dependent variable, and teaching approaches, gender, and age as factors. Group 1 demonstrated significant improvements in fitness performance compared with Groups 2 and 3. Moderate to large effect sizes (Cohen's d range: 0.68-1.40) were noted in both males and females. Six-year-old demonstrated the greatest improvement in composite PFC compared to Groups 2 and 3. A structured teaching plan, even with a limited dose of once per week, supported the development of PF attributes in kindergarteners.