Development Of Package Research Articles

A comprehensive review of intelligent controlled release antimicrobial packaging in food preservation.

Intelligent responsive packaging provides informative feedback or control the release of active substances like antimicrobial agents in response to stimuli in food or the environment to ensure food safety. This paper provides an overview of two types of intelligent packaging, information-responsive and intelligent controlled-release, focusing on the recent research progress of intelligent controlled-release antimicrobial packaging with enzyme, pH, relative humidity, temperature, and light as triggering factors. It also summarizes the current status of application in different food categories, as well as the challenges and future prospects. Intelligent controlled-release technology aims to optimize the antimicrobial effect and ensure the quality of food products by synchronizing the release of active substances with food preservation needs through sensing stimuli, which is an innovative and challenging packaging technology. The paper seeks to provide a reference for the research and industrial development of responsive intelligent packaging and controlled-release packaging applications in food.

Sustainable Strategies for Risk Management Process of Coca-Cola Company with Regard to Promote Climate Resilience Efforts and Agricultural Sustainability. Chosen Contexts

The paper regards the sustainable strategies for risk management process of Coca-Cola Company with regard to promote climate resilience efforts and agricultural sustainability. The fundamental aim of the paper is the analysis of the Coca-Cola Company in terms of agricultural sustainability. The company’s beverage production and packaging processes rely heavily on agricultural components. Enterprise’s efforts to promote climate resilience, water security, human rights, sustainable packaging, and economic development rely heavily on the use of sustainably produced foods. Adaptation strategies throughout its supply chain and in the communities that produce the company’s agricultural components will be greatly aided by the adoption of more sustainable agriculture methods as climate change causes more severe weather and higher water stress. The PSA was first implemented in 2021 to enhance the company’s prior Sustainable Agriculture Guiding Principles (SAGP) and accelerate its movement toward the ethical and environmentally responsible procurement of agricultural components. The paper is using of statistical, comparative, dynamics, and documentation analysis. The time scope of the study is 2020-2021, but in some aspects, it was broadened.

Development of eco-friendly food package from narrow-leaved cattail modified by Polylactide in solution coating

The single use of food packaging is one of the plastic waste problems in many countries. For this reason, this research developed a food package with biodegradable polymers, such as Polylactide (PLA), coated on paper made from natural fiber sourced from tropical weed called Narrow-leaved cattails. The paper was modified by PLA through solution coating. However, PLA had poor adhesion with paper due to the high cellulose content of the Narrow-leaved cattails. To improve the adhesion of PLA, a commercial epoxy-based chain extender called Joncryl ADR 4468 was used to enhance the adhesion between PLA and the Narrow-leaved cattail paper. Joncryl ADR 4468 was first utilized in solvent processing. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out on both the top side and cross-section of the paper to study its morphology. The contact angle of paper modified by PLA indicated its hydrophobic properties, and the absorption time of the paper increased as well. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of the modified paper was carried out to verify the chemical interaction between PLA and paper from the epoxy-based chain extender.

The Role of Practice Development Midwives in Norfolk & Waveney’s Local Maternity System – Part 5: Developing LMNS Pre-Hospital Emergency Simulation Days

Welcome to the fifth and final episode in the mini-series focusing on the role of Practice Development Midwives (PDM) within the Norfolk and Waveney Local Maternity and Neonatal System (LMNS). The previous articles provided an overview of the role, explored the development of a blended learning package, provision of shared learning events and delivering focus weeks. This article will explore the development of community emergency simulation days in the collaboration with the local ambulance unit.

Development of smoke flavour-antimicrobial packaging from coconut fibre using Litsea cubeba essential oil and wood smoke for dried fish preservation and reduction of PAH

Development of smoke flavour-antimicrobial packaging from coconut fibre using Litsea cubeba essential oil and wood smoke for dried fish preservation and reduction of PAH

Can Destination Cards Help to Shape Areas’ Sustainability?

This paper examines whether destination cards can simultaneously serve tourists’ needs and sustainability goals. It provides useful insights for tourism authorities and policymakers in designing a smart tourist card that meets the needs of tourists while preserving and supporting areas’ wellbeing. Taking Thessaloniki city as a case study, a tourist survey, designed based on the key features of European destination cards, was implemented to identify needs and motivations. Interesting insight was revealed: tourists want to self-explore the city, are coming with their families, are history-lovers and gastronomy-keen, and are strongly willing to be provided with a destination card offering unlimited access to public transport. The latter reveals an opportunity for the city; the tourists are willing to use sustainable mobility options, which means that a base of sustainable travelling exists. The proposed Thessaloniki smart card can bring together tourists’ needs with the city’s sustainability goals; the development of tourist packages, including sustainable mobility provisions, walking-talking tours, and bike rentals, should be the backbone of the card. The next challenge for the city is to build a cooperation network to support this smart destination card implementation and promotion.

SMEs’ Eco-Friendly Food Packaging Critical Factors: An Empirical Study

Abstract. SMEs are economic driver that need to have a more sustainable business development strategy. Issues arise in food packaging which has a direct impact on environmental damage and pollution. In addition, food packaging is one of the factors of business competitiveness and attractiveness for customers. This study aims to obtain a direct picture from SMEs in the field about whether there is awareness to use eco-friendly packaging, what is their current condition of food packaging, and what they need for the next development strategy. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach using a survey with open-ended questions on 49 SMEs. This study uses a coding approach, content and semantic analysis to explore the study. The findings obtained from this study are that there is awareness and knowledge about the importance of using environmentally friendly products. For the perpetrators, the current conditions are not yet ideal for total use, due to business considerations, access to materials, and high prices. In the future, SMEs actors will focus on their packaging development strategy on several aspects, namely material, design, and cost. SMEs need to increase their skills and knowledge regarding eco-friendly packaging and support from relevant stakeholders in order to become a sustainable business.

Methods for Life Cycle Evaluation and Design of Packaging

The current use of packaging provokes significant environmental impact. This impact comes from all stages of the packaging life cycle. In order to help in the design and development of packaging with minimal or no environmental impact, this article proposes a hybrid use that integrates descriptive and prescriptive methods. While descriptive methods aim at investigating and describing the environmental impact of packaging, prescriptive methods help to work on the planning and design of product packaging with environmental responsibility. Two descriptive assessment methods and three prescriptive design methods are proposed as viable options to be used in a hybrid approach to packaging design projects. Future work would inquire about case studies of the hybrid use proposed in real world or hypothetical packaging design projects.

Concerns with terminologies and test methods related to material characterization and simulation

Sound package development in the transportation industry has taken a very different role in the past two decades. Instead of relying totally on measurements, acoustic engineers are relying on various numerical methods to characterize the acoustic performance of materials as well as predicting the interior noise levels and other products in the transportation industry. In doing these analyses, often one needs some measured data of different variables such as thickness and air flow resistance properties of an insulation material, and insertion loss properties of materials used for sound blocking purposes. This paper presents an overview of different standards and specifications that are often followed to measure and estimate these required input values. Results obtained using different methods are not always comparable with each other and therefore have the potential to obtain incorrect conclusion. The paper provides some case studies of inconsistent results because of that.

Investigating the effects of packaging design factors on customer purchasing decisions for goat manure fertilizer

AbstractMost of the packaging in agriculture products usually focuses on keeping and containing products rather than appealing to customers. However, because today's competition is fierce both online and onsite, it's critical to improve competitiveness through package development and design. Goat manure, one of the best animal manures for fertilizer to help provide the ideal growth conditions for plants, is selected for the pilot study to investigate the influence of packaging design in agriculture products. The goal of this article is to look at (1) consumer behaviour while making a fertilizer purchase and (2) the impact of packaging design on customer purchasing decisions by comparing the old and new designs. Answers from these questions will be a guideline for the new packaging design. To create the packaging for the community's product, researchers collaborated with one community enterprise at Petchburi in Thailand. According to the 110 participants who took part in the pre‐survey, 64.5% of them are more concerned with packaging design than with pricing, market channels, or marketing. The packaging, originality, product feature representation, cleanliness, safety and the ability to pack and unpack the goods are all important considerations when buying goat dung fertilizer. These elements are used to create a new packaging design. Furthermore, the NUDGES idea is included in the packaging design to support the customer's behaviour while using the product. After designing and production, the old and new packages are tested in the market via online and onsite channels. Although the quality and quantity of products remain the same, 87.5% of the 32 consumers who purchased fertilizer chose the new packaging design for 60 baht and the rest chose the other option for 50 baht. As a result, packaging design raises the perceived value of a product and promotes customer acceptability.

Development of shelf life-extending packaging for vitamin C syrup based on high-density polyethylene and extracted lignin argan shells

Biobased packaging is an essential parameter in the pharmaceutical industry. In the present work, bio-composites consisting of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as a matrix and lignin recovered from argan nut shells as filler were developed to investigate their potential use as packaging materials for vitamin C drugs. The lignin was extracted via alkali and klason processes, and the effects of the extraction method as well as the lignin content on the thermal, morphological, mechanical, and rheological properties of the produced composites, as well as their application for vitamin C packaging, were investigated. Among all the prepared packaging materials, the one with desirable results in pH, color stability, hardness, and mechanical characteristics was based on alkali lignin. It achieved its highest Young's modulus enhancement, 10.12 %, at 10 % alkali lignin loading, while the highest yield strain enhancement (4.65 %) was obtained with 2 % loading. When compared to neat HDPE and HDPE/klason lignin packaging materials, vitamin C solutions packed with this composite showed a lower oxidation rate, attributed to the extremely low pH variation and high color stability of the material, which decreased the rate of vitamin C degradation. According to these findings, HDPE/alkali lignin composite is a promising vitamin C syrup packaging material.

Development and characterization of active packaging based on chitosan/chitin nanofibers incorporated with scallion flower extract and its preservation in fresh-cut bananas

The aim of this study was to develop a novel active packaging using chitosan (CS) and esterified chitin nanofibers (CF) combined with different contents (1, 2 and 4 wt% on CS basis) of scallion flower extract (SFE) to protect banana samples. The addition of CF significantly improved the barrier and mechanical properties of the CS films (p < 0.05) due to hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. Moreover, the addition of SFE not only improved the physical properties of the CS film but also improved the CS film biological activity. The oxygen barrier property and antibacterial ability of CF-4%SFE were approximately 5.3 and 1.9 times higher than those of the CS film, respectively. In addition, CF-4%SFE had strong DPPH radical scavenging activity (74.8 ± 2.3 %) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (84.06 ± 2.08 %). Fresh-cut bananas stored in CF-4%SFE showed less weight loss, starch loss, color and appearance change than those stored in traditional polyethylene film, which indicated that CF-4%SFE was much better at storing fresh-cut bananas than conventional plastic packaging. For these reasons, CF-SFE films have great potential as a candidate to replace traditional plastic packaging and extend the shelf life of packaged foods.

A review of silicon carbide MOSFETs in electrified vehicles: Application, challenges, and future development

AbstractCompared with silicon‐based Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), silicon carbide (SiC) Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) are characterized by higher operating temperatures, switching speeds and switching frequencies, and are considered the next evolutionary step for future electric drives. The application of SiC MOSFETs in the field of electrified vehicles has brought many benefits, such as higher efficiency, higher power density, and simplified cooling system, and can be seen as an enabler for high‐power fast battery charging. This article reviews the benefits of SiC MOSFETs in different electrified vehicle (EV) application scenarios, including traction inverters, on‐board converters, and off‐board charging applications. However, replacing Si‐IGBTs with SiC MOSFETs introduces several new technical challenges, such as stronger electromagnetic interference (EMI), reliability issues, potential electric machine insulation failure due to high transient voltages, and cooling difficulties. Compared to mature silicon‐based semiconductor technologies, these challenges have so far hindered the widespread adoption of SiC MOSFETs in automotive applications. To fully exploit the advantages of SiC MOSFETs in automotive applications and enhance their reliability, this paper explores future technology developments in SiC MOSFET module packaging and driver design, as well as novel electric machine drive strategies with higher switching frequencies, and optimized high‐frequency machine design.

Drivers, advances, and significance of measures for effective circular food packaging

This paper provides an overview of the fundamental aspects pertaining an effective circular packaging. The main challenges of food packaging systems to comply with the principles of circular economy are addressed. A perspective of the technical issues that drive packaging developments is given, and the main barriers and limiting factors for packaging waste reduction, reusing, and recycling are discussed, particularly as applied to plastic packaging. The state-of-art of recycling plastics for food contact is presented, as well as the gaps for safety assurance. The relevance of consumer and the impact on the whole chain is discussed under the framework of citizens motivation, ability, and opportunity to engage the different measures. Finally, the main measures under the scope of the packaging and waste regulation, and foreseen amendments, and of the plastics recycling directive are briefly presented.

Faba bean lignocellulosic sidestream as a filler for the development of biodegradable packaging

In this work, bio-composites were produced using faba bean sidestream (stems, pods and mixed stems and pods) as a filler to a bio-based and biodegradable polymer blend of Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate)/Poly(hydroxy butyrate-co-valerate) (PBSA/PHBV, ratio 85/15). The faba bean sidestream was added at 10, 20, and 30 % wt. to the PBSA/PHBV matrix. The bio-composite pellets were compounded by a twin-screw extruder and the pellets were further processed into tensile rods by injection moulding and into bio-composite films by film extrusion. The mechanical, barrier, thermal and morphological properties of the bio-composite films and injection moulded specimens were evaluated. The tensile stress at maximum force and Young's modulus of the injection moulded specimens increased with an increase in fibre loading, with the bio-composite containing 30% fibres showing the largest increase in relation to the neat blend. The increase in tensile stress suggests good interfacial adhesion between the polymer matrix and the fibres as evidenced by scanning electron microscope. However, a decrease in tensile strain and impact strength was observed with an increase in fibre loading. With the addition of 20 and 30% of fibres, the oxygen transmission rate decreased by 29 and 52% respectively in relation with the neat blend, while there was no statistical significance in the water vapour transmission rate of the bio-composite containing 20 and 30% fibres in relation to the neat blend. The study demonstrated that PBSA/PHBV composited with faba bean sidestream are processible by both injection moulding and film extrusion with balanced mechanical and barrier properties for potential application in food packaging as flexible films or for rigid packaging.

Mechanical, Optical, and Microbiological Characteristics of Biocomposite Edible Film Based on Canna Starch and Nanochitosane with the Addition of Fish Oil: A Review

Edible film is a packaging development for environmentally friendly food that is composed of organic ingredients, so it is safe for consumption. Natural polymers that make up edible films include polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins to replace synthetic packaging materials. The characteristics of good edible film have properties like other plastic packaging, namely being easy to shape, transparent, flexible, not easily damaged, and cheap. Canna starch has the potential to be used as a building material because it contains high levels of amylose and amylopectin, and nanochitosan has good antimicrobial activity. The addition of fish oil to edible films is a solution to correct the deficiencies of edible film biocomposites, which can increase their hydrophobic properties and tensile strength.

Challenges and prospects for advanced packaging

In the post-Moore era, advanced packaging is becoming more critical to meet the everlasting demands of electronic products with smaller size, more powerful performance and lower cost. In this paper, developments in advanced packaging have been discussed, such as 3D IC packaging, fan-out packaging, and chiplet packaging. Insights on the major advantages and challenges have also been briefly introduced. Our prospects about the solutions to some fundamental issues in sustainable development of advanced packaging have also been elucidated. The critical aspects and opportunities lie in standardization, co-design tools, new handling technologies, as well as multi-scale modeling and simulation.

Development of robust sensor packages for autonomous underwater vehicles

New generations of robots are designed to support humans with a variety of partially or fully automated services. Such flexible and mobile service robots cooperate with humans or even act completely independent. To achieve this, it is necessary to significantly improve their capabilities in terms of environment perception, data processing and movement. At the same time, they must meet the highest standards of reliability and safety. Innovative electronics enable the necessary improvements and thus appropriate robot behavior. The aim of the Bionic RoboSkin project is to enhance the possibilities of a robot platform that is capable of autonomously navigating its respective environment by means of a flexible bionic sensor skin. The sensor platform is an autonomous underwater vehicle [AUV] that is based on the bionic principles of a Manta Ray [1, 2, 3]. The newly developed sensor skin consists of a textile composite as a carrier for sensor elements and provides moisture-resistant electrical connections for energy supply and communication. The integrated sensor modules enable both the detection of touch and approach and the exploration of the environment. The functionality of the sensor skin is targeting two service robotics applications: autonomous surveying of underwater structures (e.g. inspection of pipelines) and semi-autonomous geo-exploration in difficult-to-access areas (e.g. monitoring in tunnel construction). As a result, the paper presents the concept of a modular packaging platform for the use in a harsh marine environment. The technologies used for the miniaturization of the sensor module by PCB embedding and for outer housing development will be discussed in detail and a strong focus is put on packaging material properties in sub-marine conditions.

Plumber: Boosting the Propagation of Vulnerability Fixes in the npm Ecosystem

Vulnerabilities are known reported security threats that affect a large amount of packages in the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">npm</i> ecosystem. To mitigate these security threats, the open-source community strongly suggests vulnerable packages to timely publish vulnerability fixes and recommends affected packages to update their dependencies. However, there are still serious lags in the propagation of vulnerability fixes in the ecosystem. In our preliminary study on the latest versions of 356,283 active <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">npm</i> packages, we found that 20.0% of them can still introduce vulnerabilities via direct or transitive dependencies although the involved vulnerable packages have already published fix versions for over a year. Prior study by Chinthanet et al. [1] lays the groundwork for research on how to mitigate propagation lags of vulnerability fixes in an ecosystem. They conducted an empirical investigation to identify lags that might occur between the vulnerable package release and its fixing release. They found that factors such as the branch upon which a fix landed and the severity of the vulnerability had a small effect on its propagation trajectory throughout the ecosystem. To ensure quick adoption and propagation of a release that contains the fix, they gave several actionable advice to developers and researchers. However, it is still an open question how to design an effective technique to accelerate the propagation of vulnerability fixes. Motivated by this problem, in this paper, we conducted an empirical study to learn the scale of packages that block the propagation of vulnerability fixes in the ecosystem and investigate their evolution characteristics. Furthermore, we distilled the remediation strategies that have better effects on mitigating the fix propagation lags. Leveraging our empirical findings, we propose an ecosystem-level technique, <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Plumber</small> , for deriving feasible remediation strategies to boost the propagation of vulnerability fixes. To precisely diagnose the causes of fix propagation blocking, <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Plumber</small> models the vulnerability metadata, and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">npm</i> dependency metadata and continuously monitors their evolution. By analyzing a full-picture of the ecosystem-level dependency graph and the corresponding fix propagation statuses, it derives remediation schemes for pivotal packages. In the schemes, <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Plumber</small> provides customized remediation suggestions with vulnerability impact analysis to arouse package developers' awareness. We applied <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Plumber</small> to generating 268 remediation reports for the identified pivotal packages, to evaluate its remediation effectiveness based on developers' feedback. Encouragingly, 47.4% our remediation reports received positive feedback from many well-known <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">npm</i> projects, such as <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Tensorflow/tfjs, Ethers.js</monospace> , and <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GoogleChrome/workbox</monospace> . Our reports have boosted the propagation of vulnerability fixes into 16,403 root packages through 92,469 dependency paths. On average, each remediated package version is receiving 72,678 downloads per week by the time of this work.

Environmental advantages and challenges of nanocellulose reinforced starch-based packaging

Abstract Sustainable packaging development with lower environmental impact is urgent due to the petroleum-based plastic accumulation. Thereby, nanocellulose arouses the interest of several industrial sectors as renewable sources material and its mechanical properties for packaging manufacture. Biopolymers such as starch have been an alternative in packaging preparation, although its low mechanical and water resistance represents a challenge for its application. An alternative to improve these starch characteristics is nanocellulose incorporation. Thus, this chapter proposes obtaining nanocellulose from renewable sources, and its environmental advantage to replace plastics. Furthermore, types of nanocellulose, methods for obtaining, and the main physicochemical characteristics of nanocellulose are discussed since this polymer versatility allows its application in several industrial sectors, especially in packaging development. Finally, this review presents the incorporation nanocellulose-based nanocomposites in matrices, aiming to obtain formulations containing active agents to improve mechanical strength and water resistance and packaged product quality.