Development Of New Varieties Research Articles

Use of flaxseeds for the development of fortified prophylactic products

The article is devoted to a review of scientific literature on the nutritional value of plant raw materials: oil flax. This culture and its processed products have been used in the food industry for quite a long time. Today, there has been renewed interest among food producers due to a more thorough study of the nutritional value of oil flax and the development of new varieties that better meet the requirements of nutritional value and safety. The practical part of the article presents the results of growing the Ural oilseed flax variety in an experimental field and its quality indicators. The results of an organoleptic evaluation of an oilseed experimental sample enriched with flax seeds and an unfortified control sample of semi-finished poultry meat products are also presented. Improvements in the organoleptic quality indicators of the developed semi-finished products have been established.

Phenological Growth Stages According to the BBCH Scale Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb.

Phenology is a key trait of plants of all species, as it determines their season and duration of growth and reproduction, as well as their ability to capture variable resources. Understanding the phenology of Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. a rare but promising fruit and medicinal plant of Ukraine, namely the codification of the stages of seasonal development, according to the international BBCH scale, is important for the evaluation of breeding material and the development of new varieties, improving the technological qualities of fruits. In the climatic conditions of Ukraine (M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv), the studied genotypes of E. multiflora go through a full cycle of development. Plants begin the growing season with the development of leaves and shoots. According to the international BBCH scale, they clearly distinguish eight of the ten main stages of seasonal development, in particular: the development of buds (Principal growth stage 0), leaves (Principal growth stage 1), shoots (Principal growth stage 3), inflorescence emergence (Principal growth stage 5), flowering (Principal growth stage 6), fruit development (Principal growth stage 7), fruit ripening (Principal growth stage 8) and senescence and the onset of dormancy (Principal growth stage 9). The proposed BBCH scale for characterizing the phenological stages of E. multiflora plants can be used to guide the growers as to when to carry out orchard management practices such as canopy training and pruning, nutrient and water application, pest and disease control and post-harvest processing. Correct identification of phenological stages is of great importance for the characterization and management of E. multiflora. Thus, this study will ensure the dissemination of knowledge about E. multiflora cultivars among growers and researchers.

Genetic analysis of anemone-type and single-type inflorescences in chrysanthemum using genotyping-by-sequencing

Flower shape is a key trait of ornamental and commercial importance in breeding programs for chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). Understanding the genetic basis of the phenotypic variation seen in inflorescence-related traits will contribute to genetic improvement and to the development of new varieties. In this study, we investigated the genetic determinants of inflorescence traits using an F1 segregating population derived from a cross between two cultivars with different inflorescence types, ‘Puma White’ (anemone-shaped inflorescence) and ‘Dancer’ (single-type inflorescence). Genotyping-by-sequencing identified 26,847 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between 182 F1 progenies and their parents. A genome-wide association study highlighted 17 SNPs mapping to 15 GBS-tags as being significantly associated with three inflorescence traits: flower type, number of ray florets, and disk flower diameter. No single SNP was associated with flower diameter. These SNP-harboring sequences defined ten candidate genes associated with inflorescence traits. We explored the transcript levels for nine of these in flower buds, disk florets and ray florets using publicly available genome and transcriptome data. These results will provide the genetic and genomic foundation to harness important horticultural traits and explore new avenues in chrysanthemum breeding.

Development strategy and current situation of Chinese patent medicine for children in China

This study took the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(ChP) and the 2018 edition of National Essential Drug List(NEDL) for children as research carriers to systematically analyze the current situation of and problems in the use of Chinese patent medicine for children(CPMC) in China. In view of the problems of imprecise dosage, incomplete safety information, and lack of sui-table varieties, dosage form and specification of CPMC in China, development strategy of CPMC in the future was proposed. It is reco-mmended to carry out systematic post-marketing revaluation studies of CPMC, encourage the development of new varieties or new dosa-ge forms suitable for children, advocate the continuous promotion of real-world studies on children, and expand the information on the use of CPMC with real-world data, so as to lay the foundation for post-marketing revaluation of CPMC and guide the rational use of clini-cal medicines. This study was expected to build a positive policy ecosystem to ensure the supply of CPMC, and promote the high-quality development of CPMC.

Seed Weight and Genotype Influence the Total Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Peanut Seeds.

Peanut, an important oilseed crop cultivated worldwide as a dietary food, is a good food source with health benefits. To explore the potential benefits of peanuts as a food resource, 301 peanut accessions were evaluated to determine the effect of seed weight and genotype on total oil content and fatty acid composition. Total oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method and fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Wide variations in the 100-seed weight, total oil content, and fatty acid profile were observed among genotypes and accession types. An effect of seed weight on the fatty acid composition of peanut seeds was observed. Increases in the oleic acid content and decreases in the linoleic acid content occurred in association with increases in the 100-seed weight. Moreover, the 100-seed weight, total oil content, and individual and total fatty acid contents, except arachidic acid, differed significantly (p < 0.001 or 0.05) among the accession types of landrace, cultivar, breeding line, and unknown. The discovery of this high diversity could contribute to further studies of peanut domestication and evolutionary classification. Our findings are important for the selection of peanut seeds with health benefits and development of new varieties of peanut with health benefits.

Genetic Improvement of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Contributed to High Sucrose Content in China Based on an Analysis of Newly Developed Varieties

In China, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) hybrid cross-breeding began in 1953; approximately 70 years since then, >100 commercial sugarcane varieties have been created. In this study, 88 commercial varieties bred in China between 1953 and 2010 and 12 original foundational varieties were planted to investigate the effect of improving sugarcane varieties in China. Considering 20 years as a time node, the commercial varieties were classified into four improved generations. Retrospective analysis showed significant improvements in sucrose and other technological characteristics of commercial sugarcane varieties. The adoption of improved varieties over generations has continuously increased sugarcane’s sucrose, juice sugar, and gravity purity, and the difference was significant between Gen1 and Gen3, and between Gen2 and Gen4. Gen4 showed 2.06%, 2.35%, and 3.69% higher sugarcane sucrose (p < 0.01), juice sugar (p < 0.01), and purity (p < 0.05), respectively, and 1.13% lower sugarcane fiber (p < 0.01) than Gen1, the original foundational hybrid varieties. The development of new varieties has improved the technological characteristics of Chinese sugarcane. Sugarcane sucrose, juice sugar, and purity showed an increasing trend. Sugarcane fiber content did not significantly change with the development of new varieties but declined in comparison with the original foundational hybrid varieties.

The level of intensity of soft winter wheat varieties infection by Fusarium link pathogens and their identification on grain

In today's environment, an important task of agricultural production is to increase yields and improve the quality of agricultural products. A reliable and environmentally beneficial factor for sustainable yield increase and improvement of grain quality is the development of new varieties with group resistance to diseases and a high level of adaptability. The effectiveness of selection for immunity directly depends on the diversity of donor resistance genes, and the search for new sources of resistance has been and remains an urgent issue. The aim of the study was to determine the level of infection of soft winter wheat varieties with Fusarium head blight pathogens and to identify them. Varieties of soft winter wheat from different breeding institutions of Ukraine were used in the research: Institute of Plant Industry named after V.Y. Yuriev NAAS (IPI), Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IPPG), Institute of Plant Protection NAAS (IPP), Institute of Irrigated Agriculture NAAS (IA), National Research Center "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" (NRC IA). Phytopathological analysis was used to determine the species composition of the Fusarium pathogen, and the proportion of species was determined by the ratio of infected wheat grain samples to their total number. A higher (15-18%) level of Fusarium infection intensity was observed in the varieties Perfect, Turunchuk, Ovid, Vodograi, and Mirolyubna. During the years of research, winter wheat grain was colonized by the following species of Fusarium ear blight: F. sporotrichiella, F. monilifopme, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. gibbosum F. sambucinum and F. oxysporium. The species F. monilifopme and F. oxysporium dominated, with a prevalence of 16.2 and 1.7% on wheat grain, respectively. The winter wheat varieties with the lowest (1.2-4.5%) damage by pathogens of the genus Fusarium are recommended for use in wheat breeding for immunity. The use of stable source material in practical breeding will help to curb the growth of pathogen infection without the use of chemical protection agents.

Headspace Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction Versus Hydrodistillation of Volatile Compounds from Leaves of Cultivated Mentha Taxa: Markers of Safe Chemotypes.

Various mint taxa are widely cultivated and are used not only for medicinal purposes but also in cosmetic and industrial applications. The development of new varieties or cultivars of mint generates difficulties in their correct identification and safe use. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the leaves of seven different taxa of the genus Mentha obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was also performed. Comparative GC-MS analysis of the obtained extracts showed similarity in the major compounds. PCA data allowed the separation of two groups of chemotypes among the analyzed mints, characterized by the abundance of piperitenone oxide and carvone. Two out of seven analyzed taxa were not previously examined for VOC profile, one was examined only for patent application purposes, and six out of seven were investigated for the first time using the HS-SPME technique. The presented analysis provides new data on the abundance and qualitative characterization of VOCs in the studied mint plants and on the safety of their use, related to the possibility of the presence of potentially toxic components. HS-SPME is a valuable method to extend the characterization of the VOC profile obtained by hydrodistillation.

Comparison of tissue culture-induced variation in triticale regenerants obtained by androgenesis and somatic embryogenesis

Triticale is becoming an increasingly important livestock crop production. This is evidenced by increasing triticale-producing areas and by improved yields. In addition, meeting the increasing demand for cereals involves the introduction of high-yielding and stress-resistant varieties into breeding. In vitro culture techniques can accelerate the development of new varieties. Therefore, it seems extremely important to develop efficient plant regeneration methods through in vitro cultures and to understand the mechanisms involved in gaining regenerants. Obtaining regenerants of triticale through somatic embryogenesis and androgenesis may lead to tissue culture-induced variation. In the present study, we compared regenerants obtained in both regeneration systems (anther and immature zygotic embryo cultures), considering the level of genetic and epigenetic changes observed in different DNA sequence contexts for methylated cytosine (CG, CHG, CHH). The changes concerning the DNA sequence (so-called sequence variation) and the changes concerning the DNA methylation patterns, i.e., the removal of methylated cytosine (DNA demethylation) and the introduction of methylation to cytosine (de novo DNA methylation), were analyzed. We observed that regenerants derived via somatic embryogenesis and androgenesis differ notably for demethylation in the symmetrical CG sequence context and de novo methylation in the asymmetrical CHH context. These changes may be related to the reprogramming of microspore development from gametophytic to sporophytic and lack of such process in zygotic embryos.

General guidelines for CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing in plants.

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR-associated) technology is a versatile genome editing tool that has been used to improve agriculturally important plant traits. Due to its precision, CRISPR/Cas9 is more effective than either conventional plant breeding methods or standard genetic engineering approaches for the rapid development of new varieties resilient to climate change. In addition to knowledge in tissue culture-based plant transformation, effective gene-specific single guide RNA (sgRNA) design, prediction of its off-target effect and utilization of vectors, promoters, Cas proteins and terminators is required for CRISPR/Cas9. Various bioinformatics tools are available for the best sgRNA design and screening of the off-targets. Various tools are used in the delivery of CRISPR/Cas components into cells and the genome. Moreover, some recent studies proved the simultaneous silencing of different paralogs in the same family or several genes working in the same pathway by using multiple-target sgRNA designs. This review summarizes the type of promoters, Cas proteins, recognition sequences, and terminators available for the development of knock-out and overexpression plant lines. It also provides a general guideline for the development of genome-edited plants from the design of sgRNAs to the selection of non-transgenic genome-edited T2 generation.

In Vitro Polyploid Induction of Highbush Blueberry through De Novo Shoot Organogenesis.

Polyploid induction is of utmost importance in horticultural plants for the development of new varieties with desirable morphological and physiological traits. Polyploidy may occur naturally due to the formation of unreduced gametes or can be artificially induced by doubling the number of chromosomes in somatic cells. In this experiment, a protocol for in vitro polyploid induction of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) leaf tissues was studied by using different concentrations of colchicine and oryzalin. Oryzalin was found to be highly toxic to this species, while the adventitious shoot organogenesis media enriched with 25 and 250 µM colchicine was able to induce polyploidization, with significant differences among the treatments used. Higher concentrations of both antimitotic agents led to the browning and death of the leaf tissues. The polyploids obtained showed several morphological differences when compared with the diploid shoots. Flow cytometry analysis was used to confirm the ploidy level of the regenerated shoots, demonstrating that a total of 15 tetraploids and 34 mixoploids were obtained. The stomatal sizes (length and width) of the tetraploids were larger than those of the diploids, but a reduced stomatal density was observed as compared to the controls. These shoots will be acclimatized and grown until they reach the reproductive phase in order to test their potential appeal as new varieties or their use for breeding and genetic improvement.

AMMI and GGE Biplot Analysis of Multi-environmrnt Seed Yield Data in Cluster Bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.

Background: Cluster bean is a drought tolerant, warm season legume crop, cultivated mainly as a rain fed crop in arid and semi-arid regions of India. The productivity of guar seed is low as it is cultivated in varied and harsh environments so development of new varieties with stable performance over environments as well as identification of discriminative environments for proper testing of cultivars is absolutely essential. Methods: In the present study, 13 guar genotypes developed by pedigree method of breeding at Pulses Research Station, SDAU, S.K.Nagar were evaluated for yield performance during kharif 2020, at eight different locations. Pooled analysis of variance and stability analysis was performed by AMMI and GGE biplot. Result: The results of pooled analysis indicated the presence of significant G x E interaction (GEI) for seed yield and hence the data was subjected to stability analysis. From stability analysis, it was evident that the genotypes viz., G8, G4, G2 and G5 were with high mean values for the trait concerned and exhibited less variation over environments whereas other genotypes had a greater variation with the environment. Among the environments, E7 (VIJ)) was found to be the best test environment having high discriminative ability and representativeness for selecting generally adapted genotypes.

The assessment of promising fiber flax lines of breeding variety testing according to the main agronomic traits and adaptability

The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of promising lines of fiber flax according to the main agronomic traits and adaptability based on the results of breeding variety testing in the conditions of the North-Western region of the Russian Federation. The research was carried out in the conditions of Pskov region in 2016-2019 on sod-weakly podzolic light loamy well-cultivated soil. The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for the growing season was in 2016 – 1.98, in 2017 – 1.60, in 2018 – 0.95 and in 2019 – 1.44. Abiotic conditions of the year had the greatest significant impact at 5 % significance level on the formation of plant height (79.2 %), the yield of flax seeds (83.6 %), flax straw (78,0 %) and flax fiber (68.5 %), the duration of the growing season (58.3 %). The share of the genotype prevailed in the formation of the fiber content in the stem (75.0 %). Variability was greatest in the yield of flax seeds (CV = 26.4...34.1 %); mainly average ‒ in the yield of flax straw and flax fiber (CV = 11.3…21.5 %) and weak ‒ in other characteristics (CV = 1.5...10.5 %). Based on the results of the research according to the complex of agronomic traits, three best lines of practical interest have been identified: P-4382-3-2 f-3, P-4453 c-6 and P-4629 sh-1. All of them belong to early ripening (the growing season is 77...79 days), are resistant to lodging (4.1...4.7 points) and fusarium wilting (86.5...93.3 %), tall (78...81 cm), have the yield of flax straw (50.2...51 c/ha) and flax seeds (5.9...6.9 c/ha) at the level of standard variety Voskhod. They are characterized by high fiber content (35.9...39.6 %) and flax fiber yield (18.4...19.9 c/ha), exceeded the standard by 2.5...5.9 % (abs.) and 7.6...17 %, respectively. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the breeding material according to productivity and adaptability parameters, using the ranking principle, the same genotypes are the most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the NorthWestern region, as having scored the lowest amounts of ranks. Their use in breeding programs will contribute to the development of new varieties that ensure high and stable yields of flax products of good quality.

서울시 교육주체의 미래농업에 대한 교육수요 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to derive promising fields for future agriculture and to confirm whether the necessity of education is recognized at the secondary level in promising fields of future agriculture by experts and to confirm the demand for education in promising fields of future agriculture for students, parents, and teachers of middle schools located in Seoul. Methods To achieve the purpose first, a promising field for future agriculture was derived by conducting a literature review and expert advice. And then experts have confirmed the necessity of secondary education by using the importance of future agriculture, the sufficient of workforce, and the necessity of workforce development at the high school level. Results As a result, 16 promising fields of future agriculture were derived, and except for those requiring high-level knowledge and skills, such as the development of new varieties, the necessity workforce development at the high school level was recognized. Second, a revised IPA analysis was conducted using familiarity and preference for promising fields in future agriculture for educational participants to confirm the education demand related to future agriculture. As a result, it was found that there was a demand for education in promising fields of future agriculture such as agricultural product history information, companion animals, and urban agriculture. Conclusions This study's results contribute to the necessary to provide liberal education and career education, as well as vocational education, to help students choose a career path from secondary school to a promising agricultural field. In particular, the Seoul, which does not have agricultural secondary education institutions to foster promising fields of future agriculture, suggests that it is necessary to prepare a curriculum or educational institution to foster future agricultural workers in the future.

Selection of promising lines for yield and quality traits in advanced segregating generation of linseed

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is becoming more important due to its unique nutrient profile and a source of high-added value raw material, for both food and industrial uses. However, low productivity and lack of combined quality traits has limited its cultivation and there is an urgent need to develop improved varieties through genetic recombination of traits. In this respect 96 linseed F4 families, derived from eight contrasting parents were field evaluated during 2019–2020. A reasonable diversity among the F4 families indicated a considerable potential for improving linseed for agronomic and quality traits. Results demonstrated that strict selection for oil content, protein content, fatty acid composition and amino acid profile, with comparatively high heritability and genetic advance, is feasible and successful in F4 generation. Families with linolenic acid content as low as 9.26% and as high as 72.46% were identified. Yellow-seeded families had higher values of phenological traits, plant height and number of capsules and lower values of seed number, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, aspartic acid, leucine and lysine content than the brown-seeded types. Among the many low linolenic acid families identified those with superior yield and quality traits, offer opportunitiesfor development of new varieties that may be of high value in food industry. Also the high linolenic acid and high oil content families recognized may have genetic potentials for development of new varieties of linseed for industrial purposes. Among the parental genotypes four were found to be promising for developing superior high yielding linseeds with high quality.

Advances in Crop Breeding Through Precision Genome Editing.

The global climate change and unfavourable abiotic and biotic factors are limiting agricultural productivity and therefore intensifying the challenges for crop scientists to meet the rising demand for global food supply. The introduction of applied genetics to agriculture through plant breeding facilitated the development of hybrid varieties with improved crop productivity. However, the development of new varieties with the existing gene pools poses a challenge for crop breeders. Genetic engineering holds the potential to broaden genetic diversity by the introduction of new genes into crops. But the random insertion of foreign DNA into the plant’s nuclear genome often leads to transgene silencing. Recent advances in the field of plant breeding include the development of a new breeding technique called genome editing. Genome editing technologies have emerged as powerful tools to precisely modify the crop genomes at specific sites in the genome, which has been the longstanding goal of plant breeders. The precise modification of the target genome, the absence of foreign DNA in the genome-edited plants, and the faster and cheaper method of genome modification are the remarkable features of the genome-editing technology that have resulted in its widespread application in crop breeding in less than a decade. This review focuses on the advances in crop breeding through precision genome editing. This review includes: an overview of the different breeding approaches for crop improvement; genome editing tools and their mechanism of action and application of the most widely used genome editing technology, CRISPR/Cas9, for crop improvement especially for agronomic traits such as disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, herbicide tolerance, yield and quality improvement, reduction of anti-nutrients, and improved shelf life; and an update on the regulatory approval of the genome-edited crops. This review also throws a light on development of high-yielding climate-resilient crops through precision genome editing.

Evaluation of Agricultural Traits, Phytochemical Contents, and Antioxidant Activities in the Leaves of Amaranth Accessions of Nine Species.

Amaranthus species are widely cultivated as dietary crops and are promising sources of phytochemical compounds with antioxidant properties. To explore Amaranthus as a potential medical resource, 289 accessions (nine species) were cultivated, and their agricultural characteristics, total phenolic content (TPC), rutin contents, and antioxidant activities [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)] were studied. Wide variations in agricultural traits, phytochemical contents, and antioxidant activities were observed between the accessions and across species. The effects of agricultural traits were evaluated, and the results indicated that yellow-flowered amaranth genotypes could be important because of their high values of TPC, rutin contents, DPPH, and ABTS. In addition, leaf length, days until 50% flowering, days until 50% heading and days until maturity, showed positive correlations with TPC, rutin contents, DPPH, and ABTS. The whole dataset was subjected to principal component analysis, and distinctive aggregation was observed across the Amaranthus species. In total, 289 accessions were clustered into three groups, and seven genotypes were determined as being good medical resources due to their high phytochemical content and antioxidant activities. Our findings provide important information for the development of new varieties with high phytochemical contents and high levels of antioxidant activity.

Applications of Chinese Camellia oleifera and its By-Products: A Review.

Camellia oleifera is a woody oil tree species unique to China that has been cultivated and used in China for more than 2,300 years. Most biological research on C. oleifera in recent years has focused on the development of new varieties and breeding. Novel genomic information has been generated for C. oleifera, including a high-quality reference genome at the chromosome level. Camellia seeds are used to process high-quality edible oil; they are also often used in medicine, health foods, and daily chemical products and have shown promise for the treatment and prevention of diseases. C. oleifera by-products, such as camellia seed cake, saponin, and fruit shell are widely used in the daily chemical, dyeing, papermaking, chemical fibre, textile, and pesticide industries. C. oleifera shell can also be used to prepare activated carbon electrodes, which have high electrochemical performance when used as the negative electrode of lithium-ion batteries. C. oleifera is an economically valuable plant with diverse uses, and accelerating the utilization of its by-products will greatly enhance its industrial value.

Productiveness and Berry Quality of New Wine Grape Genotypes Grown under Drought Conditions in a Semi-Arid Wine-Producing Mediterranean Region.

One alternative for adapting viticulture to high temperatures and the scarcity of water is the development of new varieties adapted to such conditions. This work describes six new genotypes, derived from “Monastrell” × “Cabernet Sauvignon” (MC16, MC19, MC72, MC80) and “Monastrell” × “Syrah” (MS104, MS49) crosses, grown under deficit irrigation and rainfed conditions in a semi-arid wine-producing area (Murcia, southeastern Spain). The effect of genotype, year, and irrigation treatment on the phenological, productiveness, morphological, and grape quality data was evaluated. The study material was obtained and selected as part of a breeding program run by the Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA). The results obtained show that under rainfed conditions, the values for productive variables decreased, while those referring to the phenolic content increased. Notable variation in the parameters evaluated was also seen for the different genotypes studied. The behavior of the genotypes MC80 and MS104 under rainfed conditions was noteworthy. In addition to maintaining very adequate yields, phenolic contents, must pH, and total acidity values, MC80 fell into the best ‘phenolic quality group’ and MS104 returned a low º°Baumé value, ideal for the production of low-alcohol-content wines. These genotypes could favor the development of sustainable quality viticulture in dry and hot areas.

Outcrossing and heterozygosity rates in tropical onion populations

Outcrossing and heterogosity rates are important for defining genetic conservation and breeding strategies, and these estimates are quite rare to onion. The aim of this study was to estimate cross-pollination and heterozygosity rates in tropical onion populations to guide development of new varieties. Eight tropical onion pairs were field isolated to be open pollination by insects. Parents vernalized bulbs were used for pair crossing, in alternate rows, 1:1. Seeds were harvested from the female parent to assess the progenies outcrossing and heterogigosity rates based on color of the red bulb, partially dominant over yellow, and four microsatellite loci. The outcrossing rates estimated with morphological marker, in the ‘BRS Rio Vale’ × ‘BRS Carrancas’, ‘Botucatu’ × ‘BRS Carrancas’, ‘IPA 11’ × ‘IPA 10’ and ‘BRS Alfa São Francisco’ × ‘IPA10’ crosses, ranged from 15% to 39%, with an average of 28.2%, while with microsatellite loci, in the ‘BRS Alfa São Francisco’×’IPA 11’, ‘Alfa SF RT’ × ‘BRS A. São Francisco’, ‘BRS Rio Vale’ × ‘Botucatu’ and ‘Cascuda T6’ × ‘Botucatu’ crosses, ranged from 33% to 71%, with an average of 42.7%, indicating a mixture of cross-pollination and self-pollination within progenies. The average values ​​of heterozygosity in the eight populations ranged from 0.82 to 1.0, indicating the possibility of developing open pollinated onion varieties with greater adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses.