Development Of NATO Research Articles

Impact of Ukraine War on NATO Development. NATO Vision 2030

The aim of the article is to analyze potential scenarios for the outcome of the armed conflict in Ukraine and its political and military consequences for NATO, taking into account the political and military decisions associated with the NATO Summit in Madrid in 2022, the new NATO Strategic Concept (NSC) of 2022, and the NATO 2030 Agenda. The outcome of the conflict in Ukraine will unequivocally determine the political, institutional, and military capacity of the NATO Alliance. Furthermore, non-Western political and military integration platforms such as CSTO, BRICS, and SCO will enhance the level of political, economic, and military cooperation among their member states. Therefore, the strategic perspective of a possible decline in the political, economic, and military capabilities of the United States and NATO, and an increase in the political, economic, and military capabilities of BRICS and SCO, becomes plausible. Agenda 2030 presents strategic development proposals for NATO, including deeper political and military consultations among the Allies, strengthening deterrence and defense capabilities, upholding the rules-based international order, enhancing resilience, maintaining technological superiority, continuing the NATO Open Door Policy, increasing training and capacity-building efforts, addressing and adapting to climate change, investing in NATO's financial capabilities, and allocating resources to the defense budgets of member states within the Alliance. A political challenge that remains is the political coherence of the Alliance regarding NATO's Open Door Policy, including Ukraine's accession as a member state, as well as political, economic, and military cooperation between the Russian Federation and China.

NATO Development by the Early 2020s

We can face the fact of huge military strengthening of NATO in the situation of the two confrontations. The first one is between the Euro-Atlantic community and Russian Federation, the second one is between the USA, the growing number of their partners and China. The article tries to explore the growing of NATO`s power, focusing on the case of its troops` groups, first of all multilateral. The methodical basis of the article is the theory of armed forces building. It perceives the armed forces as permanently evolving essence. The theory combines induction and deduction methods, can successfully answer the questions, which are difficult for some “big theories”, also in the situation when the predicting the world order is rather problematic. The author shows the evolution of multilateralism (from non-advanced to advanced) in the sphere of creation of common military groups by member states on the example of NATO. The change in the degree of European continental member countries "military machines" integration in NATO is presented as well as the perception of the tendency by the USA. In its activity the Alliance turns around 150 degrees. The new old key tasks are the deterrence of Russia and also containment of China. It means that the real challenges which are the risks of instability now are purely secondary tasks. The article covers the process of NATO Response Force (as the key element of power) strengthening, also the creation of Forward Presence Force in Eastern Europe. The scientific paper stresses that the decisions of Madrid summit (2022) are aimed at not only growing of NATO`s military potential, but also the ultimate integration of all types of military groups into a single whole. In this regard the factor of Russian special military operation in Ukraine has become the occasion, but not the reason of carefully planned and consistently implemented process of the return to the Alliance the role of the enormous collective power bearer for the Euro-Atlantic community.

Military-Political Activity of NATO in Africa

The article analyzes the implementation of NATO’s regional strategy in Africa after the end of the Cold War. The author evaluates the intervention of NATO in conflicts on the continent, primarily in Libya, as well as anti-piracy missions and considers the development of NATO’s partnership with African countries in multilateral and individual formats. Special attention is paid to the study of the Alliance’s interaction with the states of the Sahel region, primarily Mauritania. It is concluded that Africa in the near future will be one of the world’s regions on which NATO will project its military and political power, trying to include it in the sphere of its geopolitical influence. To realize this goal, the North Atlantic Alliance will not only increase security cooperation with various regional partners, but will also seek to limit the cooperation of Russia and China with African states in the military-political sphere.

Майбутнє Північноатлантичного Альянсу в умовах невизначеності та складному геополітичному оточенні

On April 4, 2020, the democratic community marked the 71st anniversary of the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. During all this time, NATO has been providing security in the Euro-Atlantic area. All 30 Allies are united by a system of collective defense based on common democratic values and military standards.Our world is changing and NATO is changing with it.What can NATO look like in 2025? Every important aspect of NATO is changing significantly, with the many ups and downs that have taken place since the signing of the Washington Treaty. The Alliance continues to change today and will undoubtedly change even more in the future.The issue of identifying prospects and possible scenarios for NATO's development in the global perspective is given much attention in the works of both domestic and foreign authors and institutions. Many of these articles are normative in nature, addressing the strengths and weaknesses of the Alliance.Recent trends in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in general and in NATO's Strategic Transformation Command in particular call for a closer examination of possible scenarios for the organization's development in the medium and long term.The article is based on an analysis of the Alliance's four strategic areas for the medium and long term (increasing NATO's involvement in global strategic objectives; reviewing the Alliance's relations with the Russian Federation and China; strengthening NATO-EU cooperation; focusing on the Alliance's internal efforts development and solving the problems of NATO member-countries) the following scenarios of its development were proposed: “destructive”, “negative”, “positive” and “realistic”. Which, in our opinion, is a relevant and very important issue for the direction of Ukraine's military policy and Euro-Atlantic integration for the next 5-10 years, and some additional analysis proposed by the authors will determine the prospects of NATO's military relations with Ukraine.

ZAOSTÁVAJÍCÍ KOLOS ANEBO VYZRÁLÁ KYBERNETICKÁ ALIANCE? --- 20 let kybernetické obrany v NATO

The article presents NATO as a self-aware and confident organisation that takes measured steps to enhance the cyber security of the Alliance as a whole. I reassert the notion that in spite of cyber defence not featuring on the top of the agenda in the early 2000s due to the effects of 9/11, the subsequent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and the 2004 NATO enlargement process, after the 2007 attacks on Estonia and their post-mortem analysis the Alliance has been able to define priorities for this particular area and to significantly decrease the deficit by taking substantial but measured steps to rectify the situation it found itself in. The summits of 2014, 2016 and 2018 are identified as the most important in terms of NATO's development in this area.

EDITORIAL

This year’s third issue of Contemporary Military Challenges is entirely published in English, which is in line with the Editorial Board’s work programme and standards for scientific and professional publications in the Republic of Slovenia as well as widely abroad.The present issue is dedicated to hybrid threats. The definition of hybrid threats and its development is explained by Jan Spišák in his article on hybrid threats and the development of NATO’s new Overarching Concept in which he explains the under-standing of hybrid threats within the Alliance and the ways of responding to them.Hybrid threats also include the so-called cyber threats, which are becoming increa-singly well though out, organised and causing more and more damage to the states, companies, infrastructure and logistics in a security and financial sense.Current cyber space trends in the WEB 2.0. age have been dealt with by Uroš Svete and Anja Kolak who put emphasis on the WikiLeaks case, highlighting the development of the second generation of World Wide Web, which can be directly modified by the users themselves, thereby threatening national security of individual states or the Alliance.The importance and organisation of cyber security in relation to critical infrastruc-ture is discussed by Denis Čaleta and Gorazd Rolih. They present the way this domain is regulated within the European Union, NATO and at the national level, as well as evoke certain deficiencies which are still to be dealt with.Information security and its importance to the public administration are presented by Maja Bolle using the example of open-source and proprietary software. She acquaints us with their history and the way of functioning as well as the advantages and disadvantages of opting for one of them. Of course, choosing either of them brings about numerous challenges, also discussed by the author.Anže Rode, Kristian Beršnak and Bojan Langerholc present the Slovenian Armed Forces Special Operations Unit and its role within a wide national and transnational security context, putting emphasis on the potential crisis operations and possible co-unter-terrorism activities.Zoltán Jobbágy and László Szegő have prepared a critical view of a generally well--accepted theory by Karl von Clausewitz. It has been tested with regard to the latestestablishments based on the cases of Iraq and Afghanistan, while the authors alsoprovided their personal reflections.Original versions of the articles by Slovenian authors, which have been initially written in Slovene and later translated into English, are available in electronic version on the web page of Contemporary Military Challenges in a special appendix at the end of the publication.This is our way of trying to reach out to a wide range of readers and potential future writers while respecting rational use of resources and quality indicators applicable to scientific and professional publications. All our readers are kindly invited to write articles for our publication!

The Development of NATO

The Development of NATO

Separable but not separate forces: NATO's development of the combined joint task force

This article argues that the Combined Joint Task Force has profoundly affected the European security architecture. The CJTF structure shifted the terms of the European security debate from whether NATO should have a role in the post‐Cold War world to how NATO should act in this new security environment. The CJTF therefore helped NATO to survive its post‐Cold War existential dilemma, and to emerge with the same level of cohesion and cooperation that it possessed during the Cold War.

The Development of NATO's Nuclear Strategy

With the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and the collapse of the Soviet Union, we have come to a turning point, perhaps the most important turning point, in the short but complex history of nuclear strategy. The Cold War is now history, albeit the sort of history that we will be living with for a long time yet. It is therefore time to review the policies and strategies of the Cold War in a historical perspective. In this essay, it is NATO's nuclear strategy during the Cold War that will be the subject of such a review.2

Nuclear disarmament: Consequences for the alliance—Perspectives for Germany and Europe

Abstract This paper analyzes the implications of the intermediate‐range nuclear forces (INF) agreement for European security from the point of view of the CDU/CSU in Europe. The Atlantic Alliance has shared common values and an interest in preventing the Soviet Union from subsuming Western Europe under its sphere of influence. Germany's security aim, within the Alliance, is to prevent the regionalization of war—whether nuclear or nonnuclear—in its territory through the risk‐sharing and deterrence‐sharing of the Alliance. Thus, in the light of the INF agreement, grave difficulties arise for Germany's security aims, owing to the significance devolving upon short‐range systems, and conventional and chemical weapons. Various responses are discussed, including NATO's development of a comprehensive concept (Gesamtkonzept,) for disarmament, the Western European Union for military and other aid and assistance, and a European economic and monetary union which, with the European security union, would form the polit...

Some Highlights of a Symposium on Subsurface Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves, Paris, April 25–28, 1966

On the dates indicated, a symposium was held at the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications in Paris on the subject of “subsurface communications.” This was held under the auspices of the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development of NATO. The program chairman was Dr. Philip Newman of the U.S. Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, while the French committee members were Professor M. Bouix and Capt. P. Halley.