Development Of Mobile Services Research Articles

A Provably Secure Biometrics-Based Authentication Scheme for Multiserver Environment

With the rapid development of mobile services, multiserver authentication protocol with its high efficiency has emerged as an indispensable security mechanism for mobile services. Recently, Ali et al. introduced a biometric-based multiserver authentication scheme and claimed the scheme is resistant to various attacks. However, after a careful examination, we find that Ali et al.’s scheme is vulnerable to various security attacks, such as user impersonation attack, server impersonation attack, privileged insider attack, denial of service attack, fails to provide forward secrecy and three-factor secrecy. To overcome these weaknesses, we propose an improved biometric-based multiserver authentication scheme using elliptic curve cryptosystem. Formal security analysis under the random oracle model proves that our scheme is provably secure. Furthermore, BAN (Burrows-Abadi-Needham) logic analysis demonstrates our scheme achieves mutual authentication and session key agreement. In addition, the informal analysis proves that our scheme is secure against all current known attacks and achieves desirable features. Besides, the performance and security comparison shows that our scheme is superior to related schemes.

Computation Offloading Strategy in Mobile Edge Computing

Mobile phone applications have been rapidly growing and emerging with the Internet of Things (IoT) applications in augmented reality, virtual reality, and ultra-clear video due to the development of mobile Internet services in the last three decades. These applications demand intensive computing to support data analysis, real-time video processing, and decision-making for optimizing the user experience. Mobile smart devices play a significant role in our daily life, and such an upward trend is continuous. Nevertheless, these devices suffer from limited resources such as CPU, memory, and energy. Computation offloading is a promising technique that can promote the lifetime and performance of smart devices by offloading local computation tasks to edge servers. In light of this situation, the strategy of computation offloading has been adopted to solve this problem. In this paper, we propose a computation offloading strategy under a scenario of multi-user and multi-mobile edge servers that considers the performance of intelligent devices and server resources. The strategy contains three main stages. In the offloading decision-making stage, the basis of offloading decision-making is put forward by considering the factors of computing task size, computing requirement, computing capacity of server, and network bandwidth. In the server selection stage, the candidate servers are evaluated comprehensively by multi-objective decision-making, and the appropriate servers are selected for the computation offloading. In the task scheduling stage, a task scheduling model based on the improved auction algorithm has been proposed by considering the time requirement of the computing tasks and the computing performance of the mobile edge computing server. Extensive simulations have demonstrated that the proposed computation offloading strategy could effectively reduce service delay and the energy consumption of intelligent devices, and improve user experience.

Methodology for Design of an Intelligent Transport System (ITS) Architecture for Intermediate Colombian City

Colombia has a high death rate due to traffic accidents, compared to the world reference. In particular, intermediate cities of the country have a very high death rate due to traffic accidents, much higher than the national rate and large cities rate. Municipalities and mobility secretariats have tried to solve these problems through the development of technological services, within the framework of the so-calledIntelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). However, in most cases, these services are not based on an adequate ITS architecture, therefore, interoperability and integration of services is not feasible, generates high costs and its implementation is complex to carry out. The development of the services is not based on ITS architecture, due to the fact that this architecture has not been developed. Althoughthere are works related to regional ITS architectural design methodologies, there is no methodology that considers diverse sources of reference and the particular context of the city. To encourage the development of mobility services, using an appropriate ITS architecture, we develop a methodology to design it in an intermediate city of a developing country. To formulate the methodology, we review the related documentation; we identify best practices; we consider the scope and context; and finally, we defined a logical process that was easy to implement. The present article details design methodology that we elaborate and presents the results obtained when applying the methodology in a particular case. Methodology obtained allowed the design of an ITS architecture for city of Popayán, in addition we consider that it serves as a tool for development of ITS architectures in similar contexts. ITS architecture designed willallow to plan and implement the mobility services of the city in an appropriate way.

The effect of battery charge levels of Mobile phone on the amount of Electromagnetic waves emission

Over the past decades, mobile phone usage have increased dramatically. Extensive development and use of mobile telecommunication services has increased exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) in the daily lives of humans, and concerns about the harmful effects of mobile phones have also increased on human health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of battery charge levels of the mobile phone on electromagnetic waves emission. The mobile phone used in the current study was HTC One E9+ (0.181W/kg SAR) with a non-removable battery model Li-Po 2800 mAh. The power density was measured with the mobile phone set to operate at the 2G mode by a SMP2 Portable Electromagnetic Field Monitoring System. Power density was measured in Calling mode (50 sec), Called mode (40 sec) and Talking mode (360 sec) at the battery charge levels of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 100%. In Calling mode, the maximum electromagnetic waves were determined when the mobile phone had 1% battery charge and also while it was being charged. Contrary to Calling mode, there is no statistically significant difference between the power density emitted in Called mode and Talking mode at the various battery charge levels. Power density was found to be highest in the Called mode (29.11 μw/cm2), and to be higher in the Talking mode (23.005 μw/cm2) than in the Calling mode (10.27 μw/cm2). The data of the present study can be used to monitor the daily exposure of mobile phone users as well as to estimate exposure levels in the laboratory and non-laboratory studies. As long as a mobile phone that is in the standby mode remains within the geographic domain of the operator's service zone, the power density emitted from that phone will be virtually zero, and any background wave can be attributed to other sources.

Mobile phones for financial inclusion: What explains the diffusion of mobile money innovations?

Mobile money innovations are expanding rapidly in developing countries, where they appear to be on track to extend financial services to billions of unbanked populations. However, adoption rates differ significantly across countries, and the success of innovations is also radically different within countries. To understand the factors that affect the development and diffusion of mobile money services, this study uses a mixed research method that combines cross-country data of adoption rates and an in-depth case study of a successful mobile money innovation. Quantitative analysis of adoption rates across countries indicates the varying role of institutional and economic factors on the adoption and usage of mobile money innovations. We undertake an in-depth study of M-Pesa in Kenya, one of the world’s most known mobile money innovations, to gain nuanced understanding of the development and diffusion of the innovation. Analysis using the functional innovation system approach reveals the key role of the lead firm in guiding the innovation process, and the importance of a supportive regulatory environment that sought to advance financial inclusion. The results further reveal how the power and interest dynamics of key actors in the innovation system can shape the emergence of inclusive innovations that aim to address social issues.

From Reputation Perspective: A Hybrid Matrix Factorization for QoS Prediction in Location-Aware Mobile Service Recommendation System

With the great development of mobile services, the Quality of Services (QoS) becomes an essential factor to meet end users’ personalized requirement on the nonfunctional performance of mobile services. However, most of the QoS values in real cases are unattainable because a service user would only invoke some specific mobile services. Therefore, how to predict the missing QoS values and recommend high-quality services to end users becomes a significant challenge in mobile service recommendation research. Previous QoS prediction researches demonstrate that the nonfunctional performance of mobile services is closely related to users’ location information. However, most location-aware QoS prediction methods ignore the premise that the obtainable QoS values observed by different users in same location region would probably be untrustworthy, which will lead to inaccurate and unreliable prediction results. To make credible location-aware QoS prediction, we propose a hybrid matrix factorization method integrated location and reputation information (LRMF) to predict the unattainable QoS values. Our approach firstly cluster users into different locational region based on their geographical distribution, and then we compute users’ reputation to identify untrustworthy users in every locational region. Finally, the unknown QoS values can be predicted by integrating locational cluster information and users’ reputation into a hybrid matrix factorization model. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on a public QoS dataset which contains sufficient real-world service invocation records. The evaluation results indicate that our LRMF method can effectively reduce the impact of unreliable users on QoS prediction and make credible mobile service recommendation.

D2D Relay Communication Scheme Incorporating Multi-Dimensional Information in Multimedia Transmission

The rapid development of mobile multimedia services integrated with online and offline social networks has made the mutual transmission of smart devices more frequent. Device to Device relay communication (D2D relay communication) can extend the transmission range of shared multimedia services, further reducing the burden on the base stations. However, when multimedia services are transmitted by D2D relay communication, the selfishness of the relay nodes affects the quality of the transmission. In order to solve this problem, the integration of social factors has become a common research topic. However, social factors generally come from multi-dimensional information. The more kinds of information, the more hidden information, and the measurement of social relations will become extremely difficult. Hence, this paper focuses on the measurement of social relationships based on multi-dimensional information and then combines physical domains to choose relay nodes. Firstly, the transmission performance of D2D relay communication is analyzed in the physical domain. Then, in order to better integrate multi-dimensional information, we construct a hypernet architecture based on spatiotemporal-user-location-category and quantify the edge weights. Three categories of weighted super-edge structures are defined to capture a variety of hidden social relationships, and the social relationship strength of any two users is measured. Finally, a relay selection algorithm that maximizes the social rate is proposed, which combines social relationships of multi-dimensional information and quality of physical transmission. The simulation results show that the Based on Maximum Social Rate for Relay Selection Algorithm (MSRRS) proposed in this paper has a significant improvement in transmission quality and transmission stability for multimedia application compared with the traditional relay selection algorithm.

Mobile Phones for Financial Inclusion: What Explains the Diffusion of Mobile Money Innovations?

Mobile money innovations are expanding rapidly in developing countries, where they appear to be on track to extend financial services to billions of unbanked populations. However, adoption rates differ significantly across countries, and the success of innovations is radically different within countries. To understand the factors that affect the development and diffusion of mobile money services, this study uses a mixed research method that combines cross-country data of adoption rates and an in-depth case study of a successful mobile money innovation. Quantitative analysis of adoption rates across countries indicates the varying role of institutional and economic factors on the adoption and usage of mobile money innovations. We undertake an in-depth study of M-Pesa in Kenya, one of the world’s most known mobile money innovations, to gain nuanced understanding of the development and diffusion of the innovation. Analysis using the functional innovation system approach reveals the key role of the lead firm in guiding the innovation process, and the importance of a supportive regulatory environment that sought to advance financial inclusion. The results further reveal how the power and interest dynamics of key actors in the innovation system can shape the emergence of appropriate technologies that aim to address social issues.

Application Research Based on 5G Wireless Communication Technology

Abstract With the continuous development of science and technology, network technology is changing from each passing day. Nowadays, smart phones and other products are gradually popularized. China’s mobile network technology is also developing rapidly. The development of communication technology has driven the development of society. Nowadays, the development of 5G wireless communication technology has greatly promoted the research of related technologies. With the advancement of the times, the number of people surfing the Internet has also increased greatly. China’s wireless communication technology will be greatly developed, and its application prospects are very broad, which has laid a great foundation for future scientific research and played a certain role. This paper further studies through the research of the core technology of 5G wireless communication technology. The core technologies of 5G wireless communication technology mainly includes wireless transmission and network architecture technology, Non-orthogonal multiple access technology, D2D communication networking, MIMO antenna technology, simultaneous co-frequency full-duplex technology, intelligent technology. With the advancement of time, 5G technology will be commercialized after 2020, which will meet the rapid development of mobile Internet services in the future and bring new experiences of users. As the research progresses, the key technologies of 5G will gradually become clear, and will enter the stage of standardization research and formulation in the next few years. 5G communication technology is the most advanced mobile communication technology. Compared with 4G communication technology, it is more than ten times faster than its data transmission speed, and has a significant advantage in fast transmission rate. From the practical application of 5G communication technology, the transmission speed can be guaranteed in the case of 28 GHz band 1Gbpses, and the transmission speed of 4G communication technology under the same conditions can only reach about 73Mbps, and the asymmetric data transmission capability is only higher than 3Mb/s. It can be seen that 5G communication technology achieves a significant increase in transmission speed.

A Multi-Objective Video Crowdsourcing Method in Mobile Environment

With the rapid development of mobile video services, HD and UHD videos are attractive for mobile users due to the realistic visual enjoyment and the accurate representation. However, the limited transmission bit rate in 4G communication network affects the experience of the users for watching videos. Crowdsourcing is considered as a reasonable and effective solution to alleviate the resource limitation. Through employing the crowdsourcing participants to download and transmit video segments, mobile users can get enhanced video services. However, it is still a significant challenge that how to avoid excessive payment and energy consumption when the crowdsourcing participants download the video segments for the mobile users. To address this challenge, a multi-objective video crowdsourcing method in mobile environment is proposed in this paper. Technically, the crowdsourcing participants apply device-to-device (D2D) communication technique rather than the cellular network or bluetooth transmission to transmit video segments to the mobile users. Here, we divide our problem into two situations, the single participant case and the multi-participants case. In the single participant case, we apply the improved dynamic programming algorithm to find strategies with more enhanced video service time that the crowdsourcing participants provide for the mobile users. Then Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques are applied to find a balanced strategy to maximize the enhanced video service time and minimize the payment and the energy consumption. In the multi-participants case, through DBSCAN clustering, the problem with multi-participants is divided into several problems with single participant. Finally, extensive experimental evaluations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method.

Sustainability of Government Social Media: A Multi-Analytic Approach to Predict Citizens’ Mobile Government Microblog Continuance

Attracting citizens and facilitating their continued usage is critical for the sustainable development of mobile government microblog services. Drawing on the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) framework and the literature related to perceived value, this study investigates the factors that affect citizens’ continuance intention vis-a-vis mobile government microblogs from a value-based perspective. A structural equation modeling (SEM)-neural network combined method was used to test the proposed model by using data collected from 301 mobile government microblog users in China. The SEM analysis shows that social influence, perceived interactivity, and perceived mobility positively affect citizens’ utilitarian value and hedonic value, which further affects their continuance intention. The significant factors obtained from the SEM are used as input for a neural network analysis to calculate their relative impacts. The results of the neural network analysis showed that perceived mobility is the most important factor influencing utilitarian value, while social influence is the most significant factor affecting hedonic value. The normalized importance of utilitarian value on continuance behaviors is larger than that of hedonic value.

The reasons why elderly mobile users adopt ubiquitous mobile social service

Ubiquitous mobile social service allows users to interact and communicate with others at any time and place, which is different from the mobile social service in the past. It has become the mobile service most widely used by consumers since various mobile applications (abbreviated as “apps”) were introduced into the market. Recently, the number of elderly users of ubiquitous mobile social service aged over 60 has largely increased. However, the needs and the adoption motivations of the elderly people for this service seemed to have been neglected in the development of mobile devices or services, even in the academic research. For the purpose of understanding what factors make the elderly mobile users willing to adopt ubiquitous mobile social service, this study conducted an empirical research the integrating uses and gratification theory and the media richness theory. Totally, 226 effective questionnaires were obtained, among these questionnaires, there are 193 samples over the age of 60. The analysis results indicated that social, enjoyment and fashion motivations have influences on elderly mobile users' adoption of ubiquitous mobile social service. Furthermore, users' perceived interactive richness and apps self-efficacy also have strong influences on elderly mobile users' adoption of the service. However, the required high expenses make the elderly mobile users keep using their habitual ways to socialize with others, and therefore have a negative influence on elderly mobile users' intention to adopt ubiquitous mobile social service.

A Modeling Analysis of Impact from E-Hailing Service on Non-Work Travel Mode in Shanghai, China

With the rapid development of mobility services, e-hailing service have been highly prevalent and e-hailing travel has become a part of daily life in many cities in China. At the same time, travelers’ mode choice behaviors have been influenced to some degree by different factors, and in this paper, a web-based retrospective survey initially conducted in Shanghai, China is used to analyze the extent to which various factors are influencing mode choice behaviors. Then, a multinomial-logit-based mode choice model is developed to incorporate the e-hailing auto mode as a new travel mode for non-work trips. The developed model can help to identify influential factors and quantify their impact on mode choice probabilities. The developed model involves a variety of explanatory variables including e-hailing/taxi fare, bus travel time, rail station access/egress distance, trip distance, car in-vehicle travel time as well as travelers’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, etc. The model indicates that the e-hailing fare, travel companions and some travelers’ characteristics (e.g., age, income, etc.) are significant factors influencing the choice of e-hailing mode. The alternative-specific constant in the e-hailing utility equation is adjusted to match the observed market share of the e-hailing mode. Based on the developed model, elasticities of LOS attributes are computed and discussed. The research methods used in this paper have the potential to be applied to investigate travel behavior changes under the influence of emerging travel modes. The research findings can aid in evaluating policies to manage e-hailing services and improve their levels of services.

Analyzing the operational performance migration of telecom operators

Due to the rapid development of mobile Internet services, such as Skype and WeChat, traditional telecom services have suffered a large decline in the business volumes in recent years. Thus, telecom operators pay much attention to analyzing the changes of the enterprise performance, in order to adjust market strategies in time. In this paper, we propose a new methodology to analyze the operation data of telecom operators dynamically, which can characterize the changing process of the operating states and predict the developing trends. In particular, the proposed methodology contains two steps: migration pattern analysis and trajectory pattern analysis. Firstly, migration analysis is based on the changing of operating states between two points-in-time, which is referred to as the migration paths. Applying the clustering analysis to the migration paths can obtain the migration patterns, which characterize the changing feature of telecom operators during a short period, e.g. one month. Secondly, we combine a sequence of consecutive migration paths to obtain the migration trajectory. Through analyzing different trajectories based on the hierarchical cluster method and the Markov chain model, we obtain the trajectory patterns, which describe the changing progress during a relatively long period, e.g. one year. Based on the trajectory patterns, we can predict the possible performance changes. Finally, we apply the proposed method to a Chinese telecom operator for an empirical research, and has obtained a lot of development rules which provides insights into current telecom.

Perceived video quality evaluation on different mobile devices combining video and screen characteristics

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of mobile video services. The diversity of mobile devices and video services can result in a difference in a user’s perceptual video quality, which presents a significant challenge for video quality evaluation. An objective assessment model is proposed that considers both video and screen characteristics, where the video characteristics include the video resolution and video coding quality (VCQ), and the screen characteristics include the screen size and screen resolution. By analyzing the relationships between the perceived video quality (PVQ) and the video and screen characteristics, an influential parameter, effective video pixels per inch (EV-PPI), is proposed that combines the two characteristics. Then, the PVQ is estimated with the VCQ and EV-PPI. Experiment results confirm that the proposed method can effectively estimate the user’s PVQ. It can be used as a guideline for both video service providers and mobile device manufacturers to improve the performance of their services and devices.

Method for detecting abnormal behaviour of users based on selective clustering ensemble

With the development of cloud computing in the mobile communications industry, the credibility between users and the cloud has become an important obstacle to the development of mobile cloud services. Therefore, the user's abnormal behaviour detection is particularly important. The authors propose a selective clustering ensemble algorithm based on fractal dimension. In their proposed algorithm, they firstly use the sliding window to dynamically obtain data to improve the accuracy of user behaviour acquisition. Secondly, they use the initial clustering stage and incremental clustering stage to produce clustered members. Thirdly, they also use the Duun_index to select the clustered members, then the selection of high-quality clustered members with the voting algorithm to get the final result. Finally, they use the average difference of change to determine whether the current behaviour is abnormal based on the clustering results. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme has a better performance than the traditional clustering algorithm in clustering accuracy. Moreover, their algorithm can improve the detection rate and accuracy rate, respectively.

Information technology approaches to agriculture and nutrition in the developing world: a systems theory analysis of the mNutrition program in Malawi

International development programing is increasingly integrating agriculture and nutrition goals, while attempting to demonstrate ‘impacts at scale’ and value for money. These multiple goals create complexities, both from a conceptual viewpoint and a more operational perspective. This article uses systems theory to examine the mobile Nutrition program (mNutrition), which aims to improve nutrition, food security and livelihoods for rural women and children, through mobile phone-based information services. The paper specifically uses mNutrition’s work in Malawi as a case study. The systems approach reveals that, as a complex system with numerous sub-components and tensions among different goals, the mNutrition program tended to minimize connections between its sub-systems (such as content development and mobile service development processes) in order to speed up movement towards the global planned outcomes. We argue that this is likely to have multiple impacts on outcomes, including on overall effectiveness and the relevance and sustainability of the mobile message content.

Digital Integration in the 3rd Wave of Mobile HCI

What does the 3rd wave of mobile computing hold for us, and what are the challenges ahead as we now move from the 1st and 2nd wave to the 3rd wave of mobile HCI? While the 1st wave enabled mobile computing on a basic level – including basic connectivity and the development of mobile devices – and while the 2nd wave was to a large extent about the development of mobile content (from digital services and apps, to services for storing our data in the cloud), the authors suggest that the 3rd wave of mobile computing is less technology-driven, but rather about what mobile computing can enable, and how mobile computing is increasingly a gateway to society at large. In this article, the authors focus specifically on this 3rd wave of mobile computing, and in particular on what they call an inverted digital divide – a state where the mobile technology is in place for its users, but where there is no access to the services in society that rely on mobile computing. In this article, the authors demonstrate this inverted digital divide through a number of examples where they show how this plays out for different groups of people where this is vital in a global world – e.g., visitors to a country such as tourists, immigrants and even people applying for asylum. The authors discuss what is needed in order to bridge this divide and they outline its implications for the further development of mobile services. In concluding this paper, the authors suggest that “digital integration” might serve as a key notion for resolving these issues as we now enter the 3rd wave of mobile HCI.

Prospects of Mobile Services Development in Russia’s Regions

The article aims to identify the development directions in Russia’s stagnating mobile communica? tions market, including voice and Internet traffic segments. The methodological basis of the research is theoretical propositions of regional economics; the principal method is the systematisation of empirical facts. The analysis indicates a decrease in demand for telecommunication services in Russian regions. The monitoring of resources of telecommunication services proves the necessity of separate accounting of individuals and legal entities’ consumption, because in case of the former it is necessary to account for average incomes, whereas in the latter case – for gross regional product. On the basis of statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation the author examines the dynamics of the services development, including the situation with organisation of mobile access to the Internet, and introduces the indicators of mobile Internet traffic consumption and its cost. The created information base allows the researcher to distinguish between consumption of ser? vices by individuals and legal entities separately for voice and Internet traffic and determine quantitative indicators that help compare the level of inequality in different regions of the country. As a result, the paper lists Russia’s regions where it is expedient to promote the services of voice mobile communications and mobile Internet

Innovations in Mobile Value-Added Services: Findings from Cases in India

Convergence of internet and mobile technologies has fueled growth in service innovations in the telecommunication sector. Digitization has transformed telecommunication value chain from linear to nonlinear web, presenting the role of telecom operators in a dilemma. Objective of the research is to understand the dynamics of technology and service innovation for development of mobile value-added services (VAS). We study the process of service innovation in select mobile VAS in India and map their delivery process on enhanced telecom operations map (eTOM) framework. Our findings indicate challenges in managing sector-crossing service innovations effectively, presenting an opportunity to extend the existing framework.