Development Of Migration Policy Research Articles

10 Migrants caught in crises: Contexts, responses and innovation

10 Migrants caught in crises: Contexts, responses and innovation

Main trends in development of migration policy in Ukraine

This Article is devoted to the interdisciplinary research of Migration Policy and determination of Main Trends of its realization in Ukraine at the current stage. The Basic Steps of Migration Policy-making have been defined. We have also identified that the efficiency of migration policy is determined by degree of consideration of the factors of political, economic, social and demographic origin, as well as by the trends of international labor migration. On the basis of the study results, the main trends of implementation of Migration Policy in Ukraine have been identified: lack of system of collecting and analyzing the statistical information; low level of protection of rights and economic well-being of the employees; absence of any bilateral agreements with those countries where a large number of Ukrainian migrants have been located; significant volume of educational migration; impact of the military and political situation upon the situation with migration. Nowadays, migration processes are one of the key factors in formation of well-being and level of social and economic development of the countries. The global trend of decreasing population, in particular, due to the demographic crisis, push many countries to implement the related migration policy, in order to compensate the loss of labor resources by means of its substitution with the migrant workers. While analyzing the main trends of labor migration in Ukraine, we should underline that nowadays the labor outflow is extremely problematic within the country. The learning of Migration Policy has been realized from the point of view of the principles of historicist tradition, objectivity, complementarity and reasonability, those aspects related to the methodological basis for comprehensive analysis of the subject under study. Researching of Migration Policy in Ukraine was performed with analysis of historical, demographic, economic, social and legal aspects of development. Nowadays, educational migration has a strong influence on migration policy in the country, that’s why it’s needed to be studied deeply. The holistic approach to the problem exploration led to the conclusion that due to the increasing volume of international labor migration, which is closely inter-related with the processes of European integration, there is an increasing need to stipulate and implement the effective migration policy, in particular, in order to reduce the emigration losses for Ukraine and provide conditions for coming of the migrants back to their country.

Europeizácia migračnej politiky Slovenska

Migration policy of Slovakia, its development and formation before and after the accession of the Slovak Republic to the European Union is still a little explored area. Examining the Europeanisation of migration policy and its shaping is important because of the changes that have taken place after joining the European Union. The aim is to analyze the development of migration policy before and after Slovakia's accession to the European Union. At the same time, however, capture the migration concept of Slovakia and its changes that have occurred and thus point to the degree of Europeanization. Slovakia's accession to the European Union required the application of various and above all fundamental changes in the area of migration policy. For this reason, it is possible to speak of Europeanization by means of several theories of Europeanization. As a result, Slovak migration policy has been europeanised, thus adapted to European legislation and institutional adaptation.

МІГРАЦІЙНА ПОЛІТИКА В СЕРЕДНЬОВІЧНІЙ ТА РАННЬОМОДЕРНІЙ УКРАЇНІ (Х – СЕРЕДИНА XVIII СТ.): ІСТОРИКО-ПРАВОВИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article analyzes the process of origin and development of migration policy of state entities on Ukrainian lands in the 10th – first half of the 18th century. The research methodology is to study and analyze the organizational and legal foundations of Ukrainian migration policy during the study period. The validity of theoretical provisions, conclusions, scientific analysis and reliability of the results of the study is ensured by the use of a set of philosophical, general scientific and special scientific methods, namely: historical law, comparative law, historical and functional, formal legal and others. The study was conducted from the perspective of the principles of historicism, objectivity, versatility, complementarity and validity, which created a sound methodological basis for a comprehensive analysis of the subject matter of the study. The scientific novelty is the historical and legal analysis of the basic state-legal elements of migration policy, the identification of peculiarities of their functioning and effectiveness. The scientific novelty is the historical and legal analysis of the basic state-legal elements of migration policy, the identification of peculiarities of their functioning and effectiveness. The paper states that in the Middle Ages state control was established over the movements of foreigners, ambassadors and merchants. Subsequently, as the socio-economic and political situation changed, the problem of regulating the movement of not only the privileged classes but also the general population arose. It is observed that further strengthening of migration control, both external and internal, comes from the introduction of a passport system. It was found that effective state control over migration, which was based on the passport system, was managed not by the Polish authorities but by the Russian authorities. It was noted that the system of control over the population movement and passport system for some time was established in the territory of Zaporizhzhia Troops, which, in addition, allowed the Sich to emphasize its jurisdiction over the owners of Cossack passports. It has been proved that, since the seventeenth century, the passport has become the main instrument in the implementation of the state migration policy. It is established that it was in the 16th–17th centuries practices of managed and forced resettlement are being started, which will later be actively used by the Soviet authorities. Keywords: migration, a migration policy, a passport, a managed resettlement.

A basic human values approach to migration policy communication

AbstractThis article considers what types of strategic communication messaging regarding migration policy are likely to be more or less effective. To do so, the article summarizes the literature to, first, note the broadly postulated effectiveness of value-based messaging and, second, note how underdefined this concept remains. To overcome this shortcoming, I introduce Schwarz’s psychological theory of “basic human values” and use European Social Survey data to visualize the relationship between these values and attitudes to immigration. I argue that messaging with a value-basis that is concordant with that of its audience is more likely to elicit sympathy, whereas that which is discordant with the values of its audience is more likely to elicit antipathy. Given the value-balanced orientations of those with moderate attitudes to immigration, persuasive migration messaging should attempt to mobilize values of its opposition; that is pro-migration messaging should mobilize Schwarz’s values of conformity, tradition, security, and power, whereas anti-migration messaging should mobilize values of universalism, benevolence, self-direction, and stimulation. I then turn to an inventory of 135 migration communication campaigns provided by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development. I show that few pro-migration campaigns contained value-based messaging, whereas all anti-migration campaigns did. Similarly, very few pro-migration campaigns included values besides “universalism” and “benevolence,” whereas anti-migration campaigns included values associated with both pro- and anti-migration attitudes. I visually demonstrate examples of each case before discussing ramifications for policy communication.

State border as an object of administrative and legal activity of the State Customs Service

Protection of the state border is one of the most important functions of the state. The state border is a feature that should be inherent in any state and without which its existence is impossible. Areas of territorial sovereignty of states are determined by the boundaries established between them. Thus, the main purpose of borders is to establish the boundaries of state territories. No state can exist without a legally defined territory. However, the geopolitical state attribute is the relevant political space, which is determined by state borders, which are enshrined in national and international law. The proper functioning of any country, the level of its social and economic development directly depends on the reliable protection, defense and stability of state borders. An integral part of the state border policy and state and legal regulation is the creation of an effective, perfect legal framework and conditions for ensuring the sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of Ukraine, taking into account the current security challenges related to state regulation of border security. , protection and defense of the state border in general and administrative and legal regulation in particular. Ukraine's European integration policy, globalization processes taking place in the world, manifestations of foreign aggression affect border policy and require finding ways to increase the level of reliability of protection and protection of the state border as the main attribute of its sovereignty, territorial integrity and important national security of Ukraine. An important measure to increase Ukraine's border security is the implementation in Ukraine of the project "EU Support to Strengthening Integrated Border Management in Ukraine (EU4IBM)" funded by the European Union and implemented by the International Center for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD). The implementation of the Project will provide an opportunity to identify and eliminate shortcomings in the implementation of reforms that will help bring the national border management system closer to the standards and best practices of the European Union.

Factors in Migration Attractiveness of a Provincial City: The Case Study of the City of Saransk

Introduction. Population is one of the most important economic, social and cultural resources, and the tendency of decline in population is a serious obstacle to urban development. In Russia, the processes of decline in population have taken place due to its natural loss, which until recently has been offset by migration growth. However, in recent years, external immigration flows have reduced significantly. In these conditions, the task of increasing the attractiveness of a provincial city for migrants is of particular relevance. The objective of this study is identification and comprehensive analysis of the full diversity of factors in migration attractiveness of urban space, exemplified by the city of Saransk. Materials and Methods. The study employed qualitative and quantitative research methods, the method of semi-structured interview, supplemented by the method of secondary analysis of statistical data, being the main one. 57 semi-structured interviews with migrants, including participants of the State Program for Resettlement of Compatriots and foreign students studying in the city of Saransk, conducted in 2017–2019, provided the empirical basis for this research. Results. The performed analysis of the interviews has shown that attractiveness of a region is determined not by some single factor, but by a systemic combination of them. The following factors influencing the choice of a region for resettlement have been identified: economic, social, cultural, political and natural ones. Although in the decision-making process the economic factors are the most important ones, the presence of strong social ties, the attitude of the population and officials, the availability of education and housing, and the environmental situation also have a significant impact on the choice of the region. Discussion and Conclusion. When developing migration policies, all groups of factors that help attract migrants to a provincial city should be taken into account. Analysis of these factors as well as comparison of the expectations of newcomers and the real problems they face, make it possible to substantively increase the migration attractiveness of a city and to take into account the opinion of migrants as full-fledged subjects of social change when planning changes in the urban space. The paper may be useful to researchers in the field of sociology of migration and employees of services and organizations involved in the development of migration policies at the regional level.

Russian-Speaking Diaspora In Finland As A Public Diplomacy Tool

The article deals with complex studies of the Finnish case particularly migrants’ inclusion analysis into local cultural and political environments (as conditions to cultural and political environment stability) as well as public diplomacy impact evaluation of an important «soft power» tool where migrants role is rather high. Authors scrutinize migrants’ interaction with the environment, outline cause-and-effect links of this interaction, and unveil external factors that influence the respondents’ political behavior. The research method is based upon interviews, which result in respondents’ typology development, political information channels were defined, and the influence of education and social inclusion upon political communication was characterized. This method helps to perceive migrants’ integration policy at example of Finland, the fourth most attractive country in the world in accordance with the Migrant Integration Policy Index. Finnish experience could be highly useful for Russia in terms of both national migration policy development. The resulting characteristics of migrants’ political communication might be of high interest in terms of migration policy regulation and understanding the issue of migration quotas, help to predict structural changes in society, also to provide the basis for making decisions on the effective use of public diplomacy tools.

Mobility and the Security Paradigm: How Immigration Became Securitized in Finnish Law and Policy

Abstract Alongside the emergence of the new mobility paradigm (Sheller and Urry 2006), especially in the social sciences, the security paradigm has gained importance as well. It is said that “the security paradigm is now becoming so ingrained that it is impossible to ignore the impact of security concerns on the development of migration policy” (Collyer 2006, 255). The mobility of people is shaped by a variety of formal and informal institutions, such as laws and policies that influence which groups have the right to travel to and reside in a certain country. This article is concerned with Finnish border and immigration regimes and the interplay between mobility and security within law and policy. The paper offers a historical account on the way in which security has been involved in the governance of immigration in Finland. We analyze policy reports, legal texts, case law, parliamentary plenary debates, and minutes of committee hearings that shape and define mobility. By combining political history with legal analysis, the article takes a transdisciplinary approach to mobility and its limits and sheds new light into the discussion of the mobility paradigm. Our analysis provides empirical evidence that there has been a clear movement toward increased securitization over time. In political speech, restrictive measures are justified by a presumed threat to Finland's national security. The individual rights of migrants and notions of the human security of migrants appear in these debates on the other end of the spectrum.

How Unpopular Policies are Made: Examples from South Africa, Singapore and Bangladesh

AbstractIn this article we contribute to the emerging knowledge on migration policy‐making in two ways. Firstly, we address the relative lack of research on the gendered nature of migration policy‐making. Secondly we contribute to understanding migration policymaking in postcolonial contexts. Based on case studies from Bangladesh, South Africa, and Singapore, we trace the drivers of policy change in these contexts and how the gendered vulnerability of the intended beneficiaries impacted the policy process. We found that there were four main drivers of migration policy‐making in each of the countries. They were: the role‐players in the policy change process, the debates that shaped the policy change, the research involved, and the political context in which the policy change took place. While our research drew on existing policy frameworks, it also showed that policy development is shaped by complex socio‐political conditions.

МІЖНАРОДНА ТРУДОВА МІГРАЦІЯ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ, НАСЛІДКИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

International migration is a global phenomenon, with its complexity, volume and influence on the economic development of countries constantly increasing. The aim of the article is to study the state of external migration processes in Ukraine and the world, analyze factors and main trends, determine the causes of external labor population migration and their consequences for the social and economic development of our country, reveal the existing threats and negative consequences of the international labor migration for the migrants and the economy of Ukraine. The methodology of researching the scope and dynamics of migration processes, the specific features of the migration policy development in Ukraine and the world is based on the application of general scientific and special methods of the scientific research: dialectical, systematic approaches, sociological survey, comparison, statistical analysis. A particular attention is paid to the identification of the social and economic causes and consequences of the international labor migration from Ukraine. The directions of the Ukrainian labor migration, taking into account the age groups and employment sectors of domestic labor migrants, are analyzed. The main approaches to improving the state migration policy based on the regulation of labor migration processes in Ukraine, slowing the dynamics of the population migration, the retention of the population number and structure at the level providing support for the territories economic development, improvement of the national international legislation, suspension of migration expenditures, creation of conditions for the cohort of Ukrainian citizens working abroad reverse migration, etc.

ASEAN Forum on Migrant Labour: A space for civil society in migration governance at the regional level?

The aim of this article is to discuss and substantiate new spaces for the political participation of migrant civil society at the regional level in Southeast Asia through the lens of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Forum on Migrant Labour (AFML). The AFML process is shaped by the International Labour Organisation and mirrors its tripartite format, essentially bringing together governments, employers’ and workers’ organisations. Crucially, migrant support and self‐organisations also have access, even if somewhat restricted, to regularly held deliberations. In light of the ASEAN consensus on migration that was agreed upon at the end of 2017, the article situates the AFML within the ongoing process of migration governance in the region and focusses especially on the role of migrant civil society as an important stakeholder. Based on the specific experience of civil society organisations (CSOs) from Malaysia, the article discusses which spaces the forum provides for civil society actors and how the latter use them for their advocacy. The major argument of the article is that the development of migration policies at the regional level can benefit from the inclusion of migrant civil society in the process. The governance of migrants could thus be complemented by governance for and by migrants.

Міграція українців до Польщі як наслідок державної політики.

Nowadays, migration processes are formed under the influence of state policy and become indicators of efficiency of state institutions. This paper is the authors’ attempt to prove that migration of Ukrainian population to Poland is the result of implementation of state policy. In addition to the complex socioeconomic situation in the country, the systematic state policy of Europe and Russia in economic, education, redistribution of natural and human resources contributes to the migration of Ukrainians. The authors reveal the main trends in the migration of Ukrainians to Poland on the basis of empirical data from the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, sociological surveys and historical memory of Ukrainians and Poles. The precise and sound state policy of Poland and the reality of Ukraine, the inadequacy of the public policy, the war in the East and economic problems result in the increase rates and volumes of Ukrainian migration to Poland, especially labour and educational.The closest neighbours – Russia, Hungary and Poland, unlike Ukraine, have the clear state policy on attracting migrants, in particular Ukrainians, in order to replenish human capital and labour resources.Such states policies of «recipient countries» pose a threat to Ukraine’s national security and require the revision of own Ukrainian state migration policy. Ukrainian authorities demonstrate inactivity in terms of settlement of migration flows, registration of migrants abroad and development of migration policy. Despite the reform, the current economic, political and social situation leads more people to migrate. In particular, it is about labour migration, which leads to an increase in the number of illegal immigrants or emigrants with dual citizenship. The preservation of the human capital and providing sufficient opportunities for its development, and conversion into real national value is a challenge for state institutions both in Ukraine and Poland. World migration trends show an outflow of human capital to global cities and areas convenient for living. A decrease of the national population and the exhaustion of the intellectual capital of nation-states is a current trend in all countries of Eastern Europe.

Environmental migration: essence, problems and possible solutions

Climate change, desertifi cation, high risks of water supplies and increasing droughts in irrigation networks of rivers and canals (Karakalpakia, Aral); ethnic and linguistic barriers between titular nation and small nations (Kazakhs, Karakalpaks) in Uzbekistan, which hampers their internal migration and threatens assimilation within the country – all these reasons are not a survival strategy, but contribute to escape in search of asylum to other territories (Russia, Kazakhstan). There is a need to address the problem of environmental migration, therefore, the concept of an “environmental migrant”, an “environmental refugee” should be introduced into practice. Why is environmental migration as a problem requiring detailed study? This is a complex process, which has the same characteristics with a general migration of the population, but which has its own characteristics. An analysis of this process shows that, despite the obvious relevance and signifi cance, the problems associated with it remain unresolved. Theoretical development of migration policy is interdisciplinary, therefore, political scientists, sociologists, lawyers, demographers, historians, psychologists are engaged in migration issues. The interdisciplinary approach will reveal the economic, political, ecological, psychological aspects of environmental migration will give an objective assessment of its condition, will identify the main areas of improvement in the fi eld of right regulation, socio-psychological adaptation in migrant resettlement areas.

The development of migration policy of Ukraine under the influence of European Integration processes

In the article the basic stages of the migration policy of Ukraine have been given. The main legal acts which regulate the migration relationship have been analyzed. In the article attention was given to the regulations that have been improved under the influence of European integration processes. Also the positive and negative aspects of the introduction of biometric passports have been pointed

Implementers? The role of international organisations in EU funding for external migration policy

The EU is a major funder of migration projects around the world. There is a relationship of interdependence between the EU and international organizations, with the former offering funding and the latter offering implementation capacity. This paper explores this relationship in more detail. In particular, it explores how these international organizations are involved in the EU funds beyond implementation. This paper employs an organization theory approach to explain this central role of international organizations. This article argues that these organizations carefully navigate between the 'company' and 'political' organizational types. Moreover, the Commission and these organizations can be better conceptualized as forming a 'partial' organization. This holds implications for transparency and accountability in this area of growing spending. Three organizations are looked at in the context of this paper: The International Organization for Migration (IOM), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and the International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD).

The political economy of migration policies in oil-rich Gulf countries

We study the political economy of migration policies in the oil-rich and non-democratic Gulf countries where different economic groups have divergent preferences over the migration policy choices. We consider two policy dimensions: a) the number of migrants allowed into the country and b) whether to discourage remittances by migrants. The inflow of migrant workers leads to a wage decline that harms citizen workers, while capitalists and oil rent earners benefit. When foreign exchange is remitted out of the economy, the real exchange rate depreciates. The remittance outflow benefits oil rent earners, while capitalists and workers lose. The autocratic ruler chooses a migration policy mix and an oil-rent redistribution scheme to maintain critical political support to avoid public rage. Our results explain differences in migration policies and redistribution schemes across Gulf countries. The model also offers predictions regarding the development of migration policies if these countries were to become more democratic.

TÜRKİYE NİN GÖÇ YÖNETİMİ VE GÖÇ POLİTİKALARININ GELİŞİMİ: BİR KAMU POLİTİKASI ANALİZİ

Reviewing public administration literature, despite the fact that there is no consensus over the definition of public policy, public policy might be defined as “every action and inaction of public administrations for a certain issue”. Migration governance and policies as the research topics of public policy, which covers an interdisciplinary research areas and as a hot topic recently, is a necessity rather than an alternative to deal with the intense migration wave that Turkey has faced. The purpose of this study is to historically evaluate and analyze Turkey’s migration policy after a massive migration wave which transformed Turkey into a central country rather than transit country. In this study, after a conceptual analysis of migration, “governance of migration” in an institutional context and “migration legislation” as a public policy tool will be reviewed and subsequently the historical development of migration policy will be addressed.

The Formation of Legal Framework of Migration Policy in Russian Federation (1992-2010)

The relevance of the issue under examination is conditioned by the significance and necessity of research on the process of formation of the migration policy legal framework in the state administration applied to the solution of arising problems in the field of political and legal regulation of migration processes. The article is aimed at the study of the regulatory framework formation of the state migration policy in the Russian Federation during the period of 1992 to 2010 years. The leading approach to the research on the given problem is institutional approach, which allows us to research the legal institution of migration processes – an important aspect of migration policy. The article sheds light on the migration policy development trends, shows the process of formation of new migration policy, gives the analysis of its regulatory framework and the influence of the country’s political situation on changes in legislative measures in the field of migration processes regulation, and suggests recommendations on their optimization. The materials, observations, and conclusions provided by this article contribute to the theory of political regulation of migration processes and can prove useful in adopting managerial decisions and holding organizational events for purposes of efficiency enhancement of migration processes regulation, as well as in developing curricula on politological specialties: “Political Region Studies”, “Political Management” and others, in delivering lectures on “Migration Policy” course.

Lithuanian Migration Policy in respect of Third-country Nationals: Experience and Tendencies

Migration policy was recognised as a relevant topic a decade ago, when it was acknowledged as a tool to improve demographical and economic situation of the countries. Nowadays migration issues is one of the mostly discussed theme in the European Union. Through the incessant emigration, ageing of the citizens and brain drain phenomenon Lithuania inevitably face growing demand of imigrants from third –countries. Although it is recognized in Lithuania that economic and demographic situation of the country can be improved by means of imigration from third – countries, migration policy in regard to the third-country-nationals is not ideal and it‘s practical implementation does not operate well. Lithuania does not have enough practise in this scope – migration policy in our country has been relevant only since Lithuania became the member of European Union and national migration policy was started to harmonise with requirements of the European Union. According to the results of analysis can be concluded that in order to improve implementation of migration policy in Lithuania, firstly it must be tought about purposeful and consecutive development of migration policy and integration of third-country nationals. Unfortunately migration policy in Lithuania at the moment is based only on short-term economic needs.