Development Of Engineering Materials Research Articles

Research on sulfate bacteriostatic effect of some metal nanos

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfomicrobium baculatum) is a group of anaerobic bacteria capable of producing H2S gas, which sours crude oil, corrodes metal equipment, pipeline systems, and even forms biofilms that cause blockages reservoir, reducing the reception capacity of pumped water in oil and gas exploitation. Currently, the biocides are mainly aldehydes or cyclic amines combined with cationic active substances, which are very toxic to humans and the environment. The development of materials technology has created new nano-sized materials that are capable of replacing traditional biocides and are environmentally friendly. This study has shown that silver and copper metal nanoparticles with an average size of 50 nm and concentration from 500 ppm can inhibit and kill both sulfate-reducing bacteria strains swimming and adhering in the water at normal and high temperature conditions.

A Comprehensive Review on Green Synthetic Approaches and Applications of 3d-Series Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Transition metal oxides have been studied by many workers of fields who want to find new ways to use them in medical devices and other fields. Researchers have done a lot of research on solid-state synthesis methods, which require high temperatures and make molecules that are thermodynamically stable. Transition metal oxides have been used for a wide range of things, from nanoparticles that deliver drugs to systems that store information in more than one state. In materials science and technology research and development, a new era of “green synthesis” methods is getting a great attention. Basically, green synthesis of materials and nanomaterials, which is done through a process of regulation, control, cleaning and remediation, will directly help make them more friendly to the environment. In this review, various green approaches for 3d-series metal oxide nanoparticles and their applications are discussed.

Transient structural analysis of a Turbula mixer

Powder mixing is a significant step in the manufacturing process of many industrial products such as pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, plastics, fertilizers, and ceramics. Especially in recent years, with the development of material technology, the importance of powder mixers has increased. But dynamic characteristics of powder mixer is very complex problem. In this paper, a Turbula type mixer has been modeled with the Solidworks® and its nonlinear transient response was investigated by the Finite Element Method (FEM). Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to determine the transient response of the vessel and stirrups under different load conditions. The transient analysis is carried out for different rotation speeds (30, 45, and 60 rev/min) of powder mixer and equivalent stresses on vessel and stirrup were obtained. In addition, 1, 3 and 5 kg mass added to the vessel homogeneously in order to obtain the influence of added mass (represent the powder mass). Results revealed that with increasing rotation speed and added mass, the equivalent stress in the vessel and stirrups increased. Maximum stress occurred in the joint of stirrup and vessel. Commercial software ANSYS Workbench (version 19.2) and nonlinear ANSYS® Mechanical APDL solver have utilized for transient response of powder mixer.

A virtual scale approach to multi-scale calculations and its application in fiber-reinforced composites

With the development of materials science and technology into the nano-/micro-world, multi-scale problems have become a research focus. Multi-scale calculations usually select a periodic structure as a representative unit with a certain physical meaning and can represent the material properties at a given scale. However, due to the large number of representative elements with complex shape and boundary conditions, the workload of multi-scale calculations is normally huge. In the present effort, a novel virtual scale method is proposed for multi-scale calculations. To demonstrate the validity and significance of the new algorithm, multi-scale calculations have been carried out for the prediction of properties of the ever-popular fiber reinforced composite materials. The equivalent elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTEs) of fiber reinforced plastic in different scales predicted by the new method have been compared with those predicted by the well-established finite element method (FEM) and checked against the experimental results. The good agreements offer solid proof in terms of the validity of the newly developed virtual scale method. In principle, the method can be extended to tackle all multi-scale problems.

PHYSICO-TRIBOLOGICAL ANND WEAR MECHANISM CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID REINFFORCED Al6063 MATRIX COMPOSITES

The development of engineering materials is continuously attracting attention from scientists and engineers for numerous engineering applications. The physical properties and wear mechanism of aluminium (Al 6063) matrix reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) and palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) particulates at different weight ratios ranging from 0 to 10 wt.% with 2 wt.% intervals were investigated. The liquid route of double stir casting was employed in synthesizing the composites. The wear experiment was conducted using the Taber-type wear abrasion machine. The worn surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), while the intermetallic phases were examined using the x-ray diffractometer (XRD). From the result, the increase in PKSA and SiC lowered and improved the density of the composites, respectively. The percentage porosity values (2 - 2.4%) obtained in this study were found to be within the acceptable limit of less than 4% for metal matrix composites castings. The mass loss and wear index increased owing to the rotating speed and applied load increase, resulting from the occurrence of mechanical mixing between the contacting surface of the sample disk and the machined disc. Adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms were the major mechanisms observed in this study.

Material Nanoarchitectonics of Functional Polymers and Inorganic Nanomaterials for Smart Supercapacitors.

Smart supercapacitors are a promising energy storage solution due to their high power density, long cycle life, and low-maintenance requirements. Functional polymers (FPs) and inorganic nanomaterials are used in smart supercapacitors because of the favorable mechanical properties (flexibility and stretchability) of FPs and the energy storage properties of inorganic materials. The complementary properties of these materials facilitate commercial applications of smart supercapacitors in flexible smart wearables, displays, and self-generation, as well as energy storage. Here, an overview of strategies for the development of suitable materials for smart supercapacitors is presented, based on recent literature reports. A range of synthetic techniques are discussed and it is concluded that a combination of organic and inorganic hybrid materials is the best option for realizing smart supercapacitors. This perspective facilitates new strategies for the synthesis of hybrid materials, and the development of material technologies for smart energy storage applications.

THE USE OF HYDROPHOBIZED PERLITE AS THE BASE LAYER OF SUPERHYDROPHOBIC COATINGS

The development of superhydrophobic materials technology is limited due to low mechanical stability of coatings, complexity of scaling and relatively high cost. One possible way to solve this problem is to use technologies that are used for conventional coatings, such as creating a surface texture by using functionalized fillers. The article considers an example of a method of obtaining such coatings by mechanical grinding of foamed perlite. The geometry of crushed perlite particles, the shape and particle size distribution of their fragments formed during grinding were characterized in the work. An effective surface modifier has been selected to provide superhydrophobic properties and the possibility of forming coatings based on these materials has been established. The structure and water-repellent properties were also characterized. As a result, it is shown that the use of crushed material with hollow particles on the example of expanded perlite after chemical surface treatment is a possible way to obtain coatings with high water-repellent properties. The created systems have a stochastic structure and relatively high values of the wetting angle – up to 140°. The properties of crushed perlite particles were determined – the average particle size is 15 μm, the shape of the fragment and the possibility of modification using siloxane processing agents. In particular, it has been shown that the use of polymethylhydrosiloxane for modification provides its chemical binding on the surface of perlite. The layer of treated particles has a marginal wetting angle of up to 150° and a rolling angle of less than 4°. These particles were successfully bonded with a styrene-acrylic polymer matrix, which led to the formation of coatings with high hydrophobicity at filler levels above 50 wt. %.

Karakteristik Tegangan dan Regangan Tarik Pada Komposit CFRP Yang Berlubang

In the industrial world, the development of material technology is growing rapidly. There is an increasing demand for materials with certain properties such as perforated composites. The consideration of perforated composites is an important parameter in the design of composite components. The purpose of this study was to determine the tensile stress and strain characteristics of hollow CFRP composites. The research method used is to analyze the tensile test using abaqus software, the tensile test analysis is carried out with 3 variations in the diameter of the hole (2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm). From the tensile test simulation results, it is found that the highest stress occurs in the 6 mm diameter composite with a maximum stress value of 180.4 N/mm², and the lowest stress occurs in the 2 mm diameter composite with a maximum stress value of 102.6 N/mm². The highest stress and strain that occurs in each specimen is located on the edge of the hole perpendicular to the direction of the force, the stress and strain increase based on the diameter of the hole in the composite, the larger the diameter in the composite, the greater the stress that occurs..Keywords: Tensile test, CFRP composite, abaqus software

Pengaruh Pola Susunan Laminasi Terhadap Distribusi Tegangan Dan Regangan Tarik Pada Komposit CFRP Yang Berlubang

The development of material technology is growing rapidly, especially in the manufacturing industry. One of the materials that are most often used and developed today is composite materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the pattern of laminate arrangement on the distribution of stress and tensile strain in perforated CFRP composites. The research method carried out is tensile testing using abaqus software, the specimen is designed with 8 laminates and the fiber direction is varied. The specimens were made with the ASTM D 5766 test standard and the properties used were carbon fiber composite type T800S/3900-2B. From the tensile test simulation results, it is found that the highest stress value in the composite with variations in fiber direction 0°, 45°, -45°, 90°, 90°, -45°, 45°, 0° the maximum stress value reaches 356.9 N/ mm², while the smallest stress occurs in the composite fiber direction 0°, 0°, 0°, 0°, 0°, 0°, 0°, 0° with the maximum stress value reaching 165.7 N/mm. The highest stress and strain that occurs in each specimen is located at the edge of the hole perpendicular to the direction of the force, the stress and strain increase based on variations in the direction of the fiber in the composite, the farther the orientation of the fiber direction to the direction of the applied force, the greater the stress concentration that occurs also.Keywords: Tensile test, CFRP composite, abaqus software

Study on Purification and Modification Processing Technology of Microcrystalline Graphite

With the continuous development of new energy and new material technology, social industries pay more and more attention to graphite resources, and the related new graphite materials and technologies emerge as the times require in scientific research and practical application. With the continuous development of high-tech graphite industry, the general high-carbon graphite products can not meet the requirements of all walks of life, so it is necessary to further improve the purity of graphite. Therefore, in the research and development process of new graphite materials and technologies, the first step is to realize the purification and processing of graphite raw materials, and then the functional modification processing of graphite can be completed, so that the new graphite materials can meet the application needs of various industries in the society in terms of particle size, morphology or performance. Based on this, the exploration of various purification methods of microcrystalline graphite and the processing technology of functional modification of graphite have practical and theoretical significance.

Three-dimensional architectures composed of two-dimensional atomic layer molybdenum disulphide for solar cell and self-powered photodetectors with improved performance

Research in the physical sciences is critical to the development of new materials technologies for clean energy. Aims in the present work are to synthesise and characterise three-dimensional architectures composed of two-dimensional atomic layer molybdenum disulphide for solar cells and self-powered photodetectors with improved performance. Nanostructured molybdenum disulphide was prepared by using a spin coating method with controlled process times. Prior to each deposition, the layer was dried with hot air for 5 min. A rough, irregular and clustered surface type was generated when the number of spin coating runs was increased. This type of surface was consistent with the morphologies expected for two-dimensional atomic layer molybdenum disulphide in three-dimensional architectures. The nanoscale morphologies, composites, and electronic properties of molybdenum disulphide were examined using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and micro-Raman scattering spectroscopy, respectively. Moreover, three-dimensional architecture-based prototypes for solar cells and self-powered photodetectors were designed, fabricated and tested. In photovoltaic mode, the obtained responsivity and response speed were almost 10 times larger and 20 times faster, respectively, than those recently reported for a single monolayer molybdenum disulphide-based self-powered prototype. In addition, the effects of bias, heat, humidity and a static field on the generated photocurrent and the response time were evaluated. It is expected that the newly designed prototype will exhibit exceptional properties: a broadband spectral response, a high signal-to-noise ratio and excellent stability.

Sustainable Development of Hot-Pressed All-Lignocellulose Composites-Comparing Wood Fibers and Nanofibers.

Low-porosity materials based on hot-pressed wood fibers or nanocellulose fibrils (no polymer matrix) represent a new concept for eco-friendly materials with interesting mechanical properties. For the replacement of fossil-based materials, physical properties of wood fiber materials need to be improved. In addition, the carbon footprint and cumulative energy required to produce the material also needs to be reduced compared with fossil-based composites, e.g., glass fiber composites. Lignin-containing fibers and nanofibers are of high yield and special interest for development of more sustainable materials technologies. The present mini-review provides a short analysis of the potential. Different extraction routes of lignin-containing wood fibers are discussed, different processing methods, and the properties of resulting fiber materials. Comparisons are made with analogous lignin-containing nanofiber materials, where mechanical properties and eco-indicators are emphasized. Higher lignin content may promote eco-friendly attributes and improve interfiber or interfibril bonding in fiber materials, for improved mechanical performance.

<b>Latest Research and Development in Materials Technology</b>

<b>Latest Research and Development in Materials Technology</b>

Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy in Metal Material Detection

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) plays a very important role in the process of microstructure, fracture analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis of micro-area composition, microstructure analysis and so on. With the rapid development of material science and technology, various industries also put forward higher and higher requirements on the technical level of testing. Based on the development background of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), this paper introduces the application of scanning electron microscope in the observation of metal microstructure. Mainly about the characteristics of scanning electron microscope to continuous zooming, equipped with advantages of backscatter diffractometer, large depth of field, is advantageous to the samples from the macroscopic characteristics by combining with the analysis of microstructure, and quantitative analysis to test samples, also can research the fracture morphology of the sample, the recrystallization organization, grain orientation and texture characteristics, etc.

Characteristics Particleboard Made From Areca Fiber With Tapioca and Gambier Adhesive

The development of engineering materials has increased its use in various fields. The engineering material is particleboard made from areca fiber which is processed with technology. Areca fiber as waste has the potential to be used as an engineering material. The purpose of this study was to obtain the characteristics of the particleboard following the quality standards of JIS A 5908-2003 and SNI 03-2105-2006. The process of making particleboard by mixing particles of areca fiber and adhesive then compacting it. The adhesives used are tapioca and gambier. The concentration of areca fiber particles is 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60%. From this research, it was found that the characteristics of the particleboard using tapioca adhesive according to the quality standard and the gambier adhesive particle board did not meet the standard quality. This particleboard can be used as a raw material for making interior furniture instead of wood.

Fracture Behavior of Modified Polymer Materials by Digital Image Correlation Method

Polymer materials play an important role in today's social development, and become important materials in industry, agriculture, national defense and other fields. With the further development of modern engineering material technology, polymer materials, together with information technology and biotechnology, promote the progress and development of society. The performance and quality of modified polymer materials have also entered the research field of vision of various industries and become the focus of exploration and analysis. The following is the research on the fracture behavior of modified polymer materials with the help of digital image correlation method. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the basic fracture work, shaping work and other fracture work parameters of various modified polymer materials, and grasp the root cause of fracture work parameters of modified polymer materials, so as to clarify the modification processing parameter means of these polymer materials.

Conceptual Design of Electric Machines for a Serial Hybrid Propulsion System of Commuter Airliner

This paper is devoted to the preliminary design and the characteristic calculations of advanced electric machines for a serial hybrid electric propulsion system of commuter airliner. The twin turboprop L-410 commuter airliner is considered as the prototype. A hybrid propulsion system consists of two electric motors rotating propellers and one electric generator powered by turboshaft engine. The requirements for electric machines are based on typical flight cycle for such an aircraft. A forecast for the development of material properties and technology until 2030 based on an analysis of work in the field of electrical and magnetic materials is made. The preliminary design of an electric generator with maximum power of 700 kW and 1100 kW with various rotational frequencies of 15000, 30000, and 45000 rpm has been performed. In addition, a preliminary design of electric motor with maximum power of 550 kW with rotational speed 1900 rpm has been performed. The preliminary design procedure is based on electromagnetic and thermal calculations, stress analysis taking into account the forecast of technology and the material characteristics.

Research progress on tissue engineering in repairing tempomandibular joint.

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is mainly manifested as perforation of temporomandibular joint disc (TMJD) and destruction of condylar osteochondral complex (COCC). In recent years, tissue engineering technology has become one of the effective strategies in repairing this damage. With the development of scaffold material technology, composite scaffolds have become an important means to optimize the performance of scaffolds with the combined advantages of natural materials and synthetic materials. The gelling method with the minimally invasive concept can greatly solve the problems of surgical trauma and material anastomosis, which is beneficial to the clinical transformation of temporomandibular joint tissue engineering. Extracellular matrix scaffolds technology can solve the problem of scaffold source and maximize the simulation of the extracellular environment, which provides an important means for the transformation of temporo joint tissue engineering to animal level. Due to the limitation of the source and amplification of costal chondrocytes, the use of mesenchymal stem cells from different sources has been widely used for temporomandibular joint tissue engineering. The fibrochondral stem cells isolated from surface layer of articular cartilage may provide one more suitable cell source. Transforming growth factor β superfamily, due to its osteochondrogenesis activity has been widely used in tissue engineering, and platelet-rich derivative as a convenient preparation of compound biological factor, gradually get used in temporomandibular joint tissue engineering. With the deepening of research on extracellular microenvironment and mechanical stimulation, mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes and stress stimulation are increasingly being used to regulate the extracellular microenvironment. In the future, the combination of complex bioactive factors and certain stress stimulation may become a trend in the temporomandibular joint tissue engineering research. In this article, the progress on tissue engineering in repairing COCC and TMJD, especially in scaffold materials, seed cells and bioactive factors, are reviewed, so as to provide information for future research design and clinical intervention.

Research on Battery Technology of Borohydride New Hydrogen Energy Material

Vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage is a “bottleneck” link in promoting the large-scale commercial application of hydrogen fuel vehicles. The development of high-performance vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage material technology has become a hot spot in the current energy and materials field. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the field of hydrogen storage materials, high-storage coordination metal hydrides represented by lithium borohydride ( LiBH 4 ) have gradually become a new research focus of hydrogen storage materials. This article summarizes the latest modification research and application of metal borohydride hydrogen storage materials from the perspectives of substitution, recombination, doping, nanostructure confinement and corresponding reaction mechanism, and puts forward the existing problems and corresponding countermeasures, and points out the future research direction.

Spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries and its preventive measures

The new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are developing vigorously. The integration of automobiles with the energy, communications and other industries has been accelerated, and profound changes have taken place in automobile product forms, transportation modes, energy consumption structure and social operation modes, and the new-energy automobile industry is facing unprecedented opportunities for development. However, lithium battery, the main component of new energy vehicles, has become a power source and an energy storage power source for peak-frequency modulation due to its advantages of high voltage, good cycling performance, high specific energy and small environmental pollution. With the development of new battery material technology, the energy density and electrochemical performance of batteries have been greatly improved, but this often leads to the decrease of safety performance, resulting in frequent fire accidents of lithium batteries. In this paper, the fire causes of lithium batteries are analyzed and the frontier research on fire causes of lithium batteries is described. Secondly, the combustion mechanism of lithium battery is analyzed, including the process of thermal runaway and diffusion. Thirdly, the improvement measures in material, technology, design and control system of lithium battery are put forward. It is hoped that these Suggestions can promote the prevention of spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries.