Development Of Manufacturing Technology Research Articles

Deep Learning-Based Robot Vision: High-End Tools for Smart Manufacturing

With the development of smart manufacturing technology, manufacturers all over the world have begun using automated processing and unmanned factories. China already has many high-end production lines that use intelligent robots, where Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robot vision play a critical role in facilitating robot-driven production. This paper provides a review of the state-of-the-art in Deep Learning (DL) techniques and the applications of DL-based robot vision in smart manufacturing, with an emphasis on the contributions made by China. We conclude by summarizing challenges and prospects in the area.

Development of a Novel Hybrid Manufacturing Technology For Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Thermo-Plastic Composites

Abstract In this study, we present a novel approach for the production of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites by combining injection molding and additive manufacturing. After exploring the design requirements, we manufactured inserts via continuous fiber-reinforced 3D printing, then we used them as reinforcement for injection-molded samples. Improper fiber placement can cause warpage as the continuous fibers prevent shrinking; however, warpage can be compensated with the insert geometry. The reinforcement resulted in an increase of about 30% in the properties tested.

Improvement of flow and heat transfer performance of manifold microchannel with porous fins

• Manifold microchannel with porous fins and the optimized arrangement are analyzed. • Pressure drops of manifold microchannel with porous fins reduced by up to 19%. • Reduction of thermal resistance up to 19.8% is achieved by the optimized arrangement. • Porous fins with 75% proportion on the outlet manifold side present the best PEC. Thermal management is restricting the further development of electronic devices. The rapid development of communication and chip manufacturing technologies results in an unprecedented increase on heat dissipation of electronics, which also makes the thermal management system consume a substantial amount of energy. Therefore, the manifold microchannel (MMC) is particularly important as an efficient thermal management scheme to enhance heat transfer and reduce the energy consumption. For this objective, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of MMCs with porous fins are investigated by numerical method in this study. The results show that the introduction of porous fins can reduce the pressure drop by up to 19%. In addition, the porous fins arranged on the outlet manifold side can significantly optimize the non-uniform flow distribution among the microchannels and strengthen the heat transfer of MMC. Furthermore, for MMC with the porous fins on the outlet manifold side with a proportion of 75%, the thermal resistance can be reduced by 19.8% and the PEC will increase by 46.2%, which performs the best among all the investigated cases.

Evaluation of the efficiency of training on the formation of project management skills in the sphere of health protection through the «factory of processes»

The material presents the results of assessing the effectiveness of the «process factories» for the formation of project management skills in the field of health protection in the development of lean manufacturing technology. In order to assess the efficiency ratio, the process of conducting an initial appointment in the office of a general practitioner and a pediatrician was timed before and 7 months after graduation. It was revealed that the use of the “process factory” in the development of lean production technology allows to increase the labor productivity of specialists at the workplace by an average of 6.2% compared to specialists who have mastered the tools of lean production without fixing them at the “process factory”.

Fracture of Honeycombs Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Lattice materials, such as honeycombs, are remarkable in their ability to combine high stiffness, strength and toughness at low density. In addition, the recent and pervasive development of additive manufacturing technologies makes it easier to produce these cellular materials and opens new possibilities to improve their properties by implementing small modifications to their microstructure. Such developments open new opportunities towards the design of new classes of architectured materials. For example, recent computational studies have shown that honeycombs with lattice density gradients have a fracture energy under tensile loading up to 50% higher than their uniform counterparts. The aim of this study is to provide experimental evidence for these promising numerical results. To achieve this, single-edge notched tension specimens, with a honeycomb lattice structures, were manufactured by stereolithography using a ductile polymer resin. The performances of three different honeycombs were compared: (i) a uniform sparse lattice, (ii) a uniform dense lattice, and (iii) a gradient lattice with alternating bands of sparse and dense lattices. The results indicated that specimens with a density gradient may achieve a work of fracture per unit volume that is up to 79% higher than that of a uniform lattice.

Function-Based Design Principles for Additive Manufacturing

The development of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has brought new design possibilities, and to utilise those possibilities, new sources of AM design knowledge are needed. This paper presents an inductive methodology for extracting AM design knowledge based on the functional analysis of AM products. Extracted AM design knowledge is formalised in 32 AM design principles using the proposed methodology. The AM design principles are organised regarding the functions they solve. Initial validation and intended use are described through a case study. The AM design principles can facilitate systematic design processes and methods, and can be used in early design phases for finding partial solutions for subfunctions of the design problem.

Characterization and simulation of sputtering etched profile by focused gallium ion beam on GaN substrate

With the continuous development of manufacturing technology of micro/nano devices based on GaN, focused gallium ion beam has become a momentous method for machining complex GaN structures. Therefore, this study focuses on the characterization and simulation of sputtering etched profile by Ga FIB on GaN substrate. First, the profile characterization experiments are carried out to analyze the influence of ion dose, dwelling time, and scan area, and the results reflect that the sputtering etched regularity on GaN substrate differs from that on Si substrate, especially in redeposition effect, milling rate, and droplet phenomenon. In addition, the forming mechanism of droplet phenomenon is discussed, and the milling experiments are conducted to research the droplets avoidance method, which shows that the appearance of droplets is impacted by ion dose and dwelling time. Finally, the sputtering yield of GaN under focused gallium ion beam is measured and sorted, and the simulation program is developed based on continuous cellular automaton (CCA) model. This work can provide a guidance for the further application of GaN-based materials.

Study on Chemical Graft Structure Modification and Mechanical Properties of Photocured Polyimide.

The great challenge facing additive manufacturing is that the available high-performance 3D printing materials can hardly keep up with the rapid development of new additive manufacturing technology. Then, the commercial resins available in the market have some problems, such as poor thermal stability, insufficient light-curing degree, and large shrinkage after curing, which need to be solved urgently. This study reports a photocurable polyimide ink for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing to prepare controllable 3D structures with high thermal stability, low shrinkage, and excellent comprehensive properties. In this study, pyromellitic dianhydride and diaminodiphenyl ether, the Kapton polyimide with the highest performance synthesized so far, were selected as raw materials, and 2,2′-bis(3,4-dicarboxylic acid) hexafluoropropane dianhydride containing fluorine was introduced to modify the branched-chain structure. The polyimide was prepared by one-step imidization, and then the graft with photocurable double bonds and certain functions was grafted by reaction of glycidyl methacrylate with phenolic hydroxyl groups. In this work, the solubility of the synthesized oligomer polyimide in organic solvents was greatly increased by combining three methods, thereby allowing the formation of ink for photocuring 3D printing, and the ink can be stacked to form low-shrinkage polyimide with complex controllable shape. Polyimide printed by DLP can produce complex structures with good mechanical character and thermal stability and small shrinkage. Therefore, the polyimide prepared in this study is considered to be a resin of great commercial possibility. In addition, due to its properties, it has important development potential in some fields with high demand for thermal stability, such as high-temperature cooling valves, aerospace, and other fields.

Effect of Porosity on Dynamic Response of Additive Manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V Alloys.

Additive manufacturing is a rapidly developing manufacturing technology of great potential for applications. One of the merits of AM is that the microstructure of manufactured materials can be actively controlled to meet engineering requirements. In this work, three types of Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) materials with different porosities are manufactured using selective laser melting using different printing parameters. Their dynamic behaviors are then studied by planar impact experiments based on the free-surface velocity measurements and shock-recovery characterizations. Experimental results indicate that the porosity significantly affects their dynamic response, including not only the yield, but also spall behaviors. With the increasing porosity, the Hugoniot elastic limit and spall strength decrease monotonically. In the case of TC4 of a large porosity, it behaves similar to energy-absorbing materials, in which the voids collapse under shock compression and then the spallation takes place.

Opportunities in Nano-Engineered Surface Designs for Enhanced Condensation Heat and Mass Transfer

AbstractRecent advancements in surface nano-engineering have spurred intense interests in their implementation for enhancing condensation heat transfer. When appropriately designed, nano-engineered surfaces not only lead to highly efficient transport mechanisms not achievable with conventional dropwise condensation (DWC), they also demonstrate the possibility of augmenting condensation of low surface tension fluids widely used in industry. These advantages are further enhanced by the development of highly scalable nanofabrication methods, which enable the potential transition from laboratory-scale prototypes to real-world industrial applications. In this review, we discuss the progress, opportunities, and challenges of enhancing condensation heat and mass transfer with nano-engineered surfaces. This article provides an overview of the recent developments in micro/nanoscale coating and structure fabrication techniques and performs a thorough comparison of their condensation performance, elucidating the complex interfacial transport mechanism involved. Surface structuring methods that are durable, scalable, and low-cost are essential attributes for large-scale industrial implementation. Here, the methods used to improve surface durability and demonstrations of nanostructure-enhanced meter-scale condensers are presented. Limitations are discussed and the potential techniques to overcome these challenges are summarized. Given the recent development of metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology and its growing relevance in manufacturing processes, we end this review by providing our perspectives on the opportunities in enabling surface nanostructuring of metal additive manufactured materials and the potential of nanometric–millimetric codesign optimization for the development of next-generation additively manufactured condensers.

Robot tangram assembly line based on vision

With the development of smart manufacturing technology, the cost of industrial robots is reduced and reliability enhanced. Applying several robots for automated production lines will be more popular. The extended application of industrial robots can improve the level of automation in industrial production and break the boundaries of technology and costs. The project focuses on "Tangram assembly line". This project takes "tangram assembly line" as the research object, and uses the kinematics model and path planning method of industrial robots to complete the identification, assembly and disassembly of tangram. "Tangram" simulated industrial products, based on two-dimensional vision to carry out image processing, identify the position and Angle of the object information, through writing robot program, the final completion of the object splicing and disassembly work. CoppeliaSim Edu software simulation results prove that the project can be efficient, high quality to complete the expected task.

From Industry 4.0 to Supply Chain 4.0: A systematic review

The latest development of advanced manufacturing technology drives the manufacturing paradigm shift as Industry 4.0. The supply chain and logistics play important roles to increase the operational efficiency so as to further boost the overall productivity of the holistic production system. The latest technologies, such as Machine Learning, Big Data, the Internet of Things, and Cloud platforms, enable manufacturers to overcome the challenges and enhance their competitive advantages. The purpose of this paper is to review how the latest technologies for Industry 4.0 can incorporate into inbound and outbound logistics to meet the latest requirements of customers. Having reviewed around 500 papers from the Web of Science database, a comprehensive supply chain framework that supports Industry 4.0 is proposed. The paper provides the managerial implications and insights for future research work for Supply Chain 4.0.

Development of technology for manufacture of functional black rice (Oryzasativa L.) ice cream

Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) contain bioactive compounds i.e. anthocyanins and flavonoids which have potential to fortify ice cream as a functional food.  The main objective of this study was to develop sugar free and antioxidant rich ice cream by addition of black rice flour. Based on the preliminary trials, black rice flour (BRF) was incorporated at 8, 10, 12 and 14 per cent during homogenization. Addition of more than 14 per cent black rice flour in ice-cream imparts increased hardness and viscosity.  Based on sensory evaluation, ice cream prepared with 12 per cent black rice flour was accepted as optimized with highest values of acceptance for colour, flavor, texture and overall acceptability. The physico- chemical composition of optimized ice cream observed were 10.52 ± 0.02 % fat, 3.90 ± 0.12 % protein, 36.70 ± 0.02 % total solids, 72.56 ± 0.49 % overrun, 68.43 ± 4.21 (mg/GAE) total phenolic content and 40.21 ± 2.23 % DPPH

Assembly Sequence Planning Based on Hierarchical Model

With the rapid development of intelligent manufacturing technology and ultraprecision machining, assembly technology has attracted more and more attention. Assembly sequence is an important part of assembly process planning. However, assembly sequence is affected by many complex factors, such as the time required to assemble products, the geometric feasibility of assembly sequence, and other factors (tool replacement times and assembly direction change), so it is very challenging. In this paper, an assembly information model based on geometric features of parts is proposed. The model obtains the hierarchical information of the part through the segmentation and feature reconstruction of the part. Based on the influence of the contact surface between parts on the feasible motion domain and assembly domain, the assembly constraint relationship model is established. The objective function is constructed by changing the assembly direction, changing the assembly tools, and evaluating the assembly fit type. The geometrically feasible assembly sequence is optimized to obtain the optimal assembly sequence under the existing conditions. Taking a block, a secondary reducer spindle, and a cylinder as examples, the effectiveness of the method is verified.

Stall-induced vibrations analysis and mitigation of a wind turbine rotor at idling state: Theory and experiment

With the development of wind turbine manufacturing technology, the wind turbine rotor is facing more design challenges for exposing to complex environmental conditions and severe wind loads. This paper investigates the stall-induced vibrations of a wind turbine rotor operating at idling state, and a strategy to mitigate the stall-induced vibrations is proposed. The equations of motion of the wind turbine rotor are established by Hamilton's principle and solved using the finite element method (FEM). The aerodynamic forces are evaluated based on the blade element theory, and the aero-damping is obtained by solving the eigenvalue problem of the rotor system. The stability of the wind turbine rotor is analyzed under different wind speeds, wind deviation angles, azimuth angles and pitch angles. The calculation results show that negative aero-damping exists in specific wind deviation angles, which leads to the divergence of edge-wise motions of the blades. An on-site experimental study validates the criteria of stability of the wind turbine rotor. The present work provides positive outlooks for aeroelastic analysis of the wind turbine blades at idling states, and it is significant for the design and safety improvement of large wind turbine blades.

Evaluating the Adhesive Properties of Four Types of Conventional Adhesives

The development of manufacturing technology led to the appearance of various products that need effective types of adhesives with good strength and durability in different types of joints. Accordingly, the issue is how to choose the appropriate adhesive for the specific application relying on the properties of adhesive besides, the work conditions. This work deals with the experimental testing of four types of an adhesives that have been prepared to test by the two types of joints to comprehend the behavior of adhesives then choose the most effective and optimum type. The Butt and single lap joint tests were achieved according to the ASTM standard D2095–96 and D-1002-99 respectively. The adhesives that were used were epoxy Resins, MS Hybrid Polymers, Polyvinylester, and R.T.V Silicon Rubber, also, used a steel material as adherents. The study concluded important points about these adhesives and the recommendation suggested essential points to select satiable adhesive.

Decision-Making under the Risk, Uncertainty and COVID-19 Pandemic Conditions Applying the PL9A Method of Logistics Planning—Case Study

The next industrial revolution, which coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, is prompting a different look at the issue of supply chain change management. A new perspective should take into account the aspect of supply chain efficiency at multiple levels. Efficient logistics is green and energy-saving, both of which need to be systematically integrated with the logistical planning processes. The dynamic changes on the demand and supply side resulting from social, political, and economic transformations have significantly influenced the shaping of long-term supply chains. The development of new manufacturing and logistics technologies prompts the development and implementation of new integrated planning methods to support supply chain management processes. Modern supply chains are oriented towards operations in a dynamically changing socio-economic environment. The new methods are capable of incorporating dynamic adaptation of logistics infrastructure which respond to changing relationships between supply and demand. To meet the identified problems of complexity, relevance, and time-consumption of the logistic planning process in modern enterprise management, the PL9A method of logistic planning and 9A LOGPLANNER application for logistics planning were developed. The article presents the results of experimental and simulation studies on the improvement of logistic processes in a working manufacturing enterprise with application of the PL9A method. The results of the experimental work indicate that the application of the PL9A method embedded in the 9A LOGPLANNER software makes it possible to dynamically simulate any number of logistics system variants in a short period of time, while reducing risk and obtaining tangible benefits in terms of energy and ecological efficiency.

A Review on Manufacturing and Post-Processing Technology of Vascular Stents.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation is one of the most effective treatments for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, there are still many complications after stent implantation. As a medical device with a complex structure and small size, the manufacture and post-processing technology greatly impact the mechanical and medical performances of stents. In this paper, the development history, material, manufacturing method, and post-processing technology of vascular stents are introduced. In particular, this paper focuses on the existing manufacturing technology and post-processing technology of vascular stents and the impact of these technologies on stent performance is described and discussed. Moreover, the future development of vascular stent manufacturing technology will be prospected and proposed.

Development of technology and equipment for manufacture of spiral profile through corrugations bellows

Criteria are defined and a method is proposed for selecting of the initial diameter and wall thickness of pipe blanks for the formation of spiral profile bellows depending on the specified parameters: the depth of the corrugations, their number and the angle of elevation of the helical line. The stress state of the pipe billet material at the point of greatest inflection depending on the profile of the deforming roller and the distribution of stresses along its thickness are studied. The profiling results of an experimental batch of 12-lead-in corrugations bellows are presented and the prospects of using spiral profile bellows are shown. The technology for manufacturing of profiled bellows is developed, the work of a rolling-drawing mill implementing the manufacture of a 12-lead-in spiral-profile bellows is considered. It is proposed to make grooves on both sides of the ends of the bellows of the joint venture in order to create a bayonet connection with the pipes of the pipe-wire system necessary to eliminate shear deformations as a result of an increase in the bellows.

Металлографическая экспертиза как обратная связь между качеством и производством продукции

Despite the increasing automation of the process of designing and manufacturing metal products, their failure remains a common phenomenon. The metallographic examination is appointed, which can only be carried out at a proper level by the specialized accredited organizations to identify the causes of such incidents. A metallographic examination is a tool that acts as feedback between the output quality of products and the entire chain of numerous operations during production. The purpose of this work is, using a practical example, to demonstrate the possibility and special significance of the conclusions of the metallographic examination for the development of the product manufacturing technology. Using the high-speed plasma spraying method, the authors applied the NiCrBSi coating to the surface of the locomotive wheel pair axle to increase its wear resistance. The life bench tests of the axle revealed the main fatigue crack, the tests were stopped, and the axle was artificially broken completely. The analysis of metal quality, including chemical composition, mechanical properties (strength, ductility, and impact hardness), microstructure, metal purity according to the non-metallic inclusions, and parameters of a surface layer hardened by rolling, showed its full compliance with the regulatory documentation. The thickness and hardness parameters of the NiCrBSi coating also corresponded to the declared ones. According to the fractographic analysis, the fatigue fracture was initiated at multiple points, which was a characteristic sign of a common objective reason for the insufficient strength of a product not associated with some random factor. The metallographic examination identified that the main reason for the failure of a wheelset axle is the coating's insufficient fatigue strength. The numerous fatigue microcracks that originated in the coating grew into the base metal and led to the fatigue macrocracks formation at different height levels. The merging of these cracks led to widespread fatigue fracture surface formation.