Development Of Local Self-government Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAYAKIVSKA UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY

The article considers the theoretical aspects of socio-economic condition and community development in the context of territorial transformation in Ukraine. Socio-economic development of territorial communities is an important indicator of assessing the level of the state development. The state policy of Ukraine in the local self-government sphere is based on the interests of territorial communities’ residents and provides for decentralization of power, that is, the transfer of a significant part of powers and responsibilities from the executive authorities to local self-government bodies. The development of local self-government and creation of territorial communities primarily involve improving financial solvency, investment and economic attractiveness of territories for citizens’ comfortable living. The main properties of the socio-economic development of the Mayakivska united territorial community are investigated and evaluated. The methodology for studying the condition is clarified and the goals, objectives, priorities and directions of sustainable economic and social development of territorial entities are determined. The state of socio-economic development of the Mayakivska community is analyzed according to various indicators and changes that have occurred on its territory. The main tasks of the Mayakivska united territorial community development are substantiated, taking into account the needs and interests of its inhabitants, the dynamics of medicine, schools and preschool institutions development is determined. A distinctive feature of the Mayakivska territorial community is awareness that the community territory is united not only by its name, but also by the vision of future prospects. An algorithm for regulating the socio-economic development of the Mayakivska united territorial community is proposed.

Financial and legal basis of the activities of the united territorial communities

Problems of legal regulation of local finances are considered in the works of lawyers, economists, sociologists, public administration specialists, from different positions of their formation, distribution and use in public relations, but in modern conditions of budgetary relations, namely – formation of budgets of united territorial communities, introduction of decentralization in regional governance, administrative reform, orientation of Ukraine to European standards and values of life, the concept of legal regulation of local finances, in particular, budget relations needs to be updated. Scientific publications investigate the problems of defining local finances as a basic basis for local government, which ensures the reproduction of the budget process and the development of regions, their constituent elements and purpose. However, at present the scientific discussion on the legal significance of local finances, their constituent elements, sources of formation and use continues, because in the modern economy a significant part of financial resources is formed and redistributed through budgets, which include budgets of united territorial communities. which, finally, as a legal institution is not defined. The development of local self-government from the standpoint of the government’s proposed decentralization of power provides for the purpose of creating high-quality living conditions for citizens, providing them with the necessary public services, development of material and social base of the region.
 These tasks are implemented in the presence of appropriate economic development of the territory, its financial support, which depends on the sources of budget and extrabudgetary funds and areas of their use.

Flaws and Advantages of the Polish Local Self-Government in the 21st Century: Social Consultations at the Local Level

The purpose of the article is to present the Polish empire concerning the creation and development of local self-government in the post-communist political regime, and the development of some modern forms of social consultations, particularly at the local level. In many administrative units, it might be observed that the bonds between local societies and local authorities have been strengthened during the last years. Polish local self-governmental bodies develop some new forms and tools of communication. They provide municipalities with the freedom of participation in a decision-making process, and they give the opportunity to faster exchange of information and answers to the local problems.

Правовые основы деятельности органов местного самоуправления в Финляндии

Student of the Department of Municipal Law of the Law Institute of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) This article examines the legal framework for the organization and functioning of local government in the Finnish Democratic Republic. The characteristic features inherent in the development of local self-government in such a Scandinavian country as Finland are analyzed. The active activity at the local level of government in the Republic of Finland is quite progressive. In Finland, local governments are decentralized and characterized by a high degree of autonomy and independence. Particular attention is paid to programs implemented in the communes. The conclusion is made about the productive influence of local authorities on the development of the state. The functions of local self-government bodies in various areas are discussed in detail. The article also pays special attention to the Association of Local and Regional Authorities of Finland, which provides the necessary assistance and protection to municipalities. Thus, close contact of local authorities with residents of communes has a positive impact not only on the development of municipalities, but also on the economic development of the entire state.

DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER IN UKRAINE AND EUROPE: SECURITY AND FINANCE ISSUES

The decentralization is not a new phenomenon for Ukraine. The processes, directed to establish and to develop the local self-government according to European model, going away from complete subordination of local power to the state power during Soviet times, were activated since the state acquired the independence.
 The purpose of article is to study how the processes for decentralization of power, finances, etc. are run under conditions of financial, economical and political crisis that take place in Ukraine and countries of Europe.
 The local self-government and decentralization of power shall ideally have the connection with the territorial community. The decentralization of power in Ukraine is not the aspiration of territorial community but the attempt to remove someone from power, to divide the power, being received, between other people.
 It is necessary to establish the regulatory background for development of local self-government, as well as to work out and to implement the norms for division of receipts from general state taxes and duties into practice.
 In our opinion, the abovementioned vision is not only the understanding of decentralization but the understanding of local self-government itself. When the processes, related to development of rights at territorial communities or other territorial formations, start in the totalitarian country, where the real local self-government is absent, in this case one can speak about decentralization of power. That is to say, the state transfers the part of its functions to the communities. If the local self-government already exists, if the budget legislation assigns the corresponding receipts (assigned, own, regulating incomes) to the budgets of different levels, if the will is implemented in communities (through elections, referendums), so, this means that the power is already decentralized.
 There is a need for identified potential threats from such positive at first sight processes. Because there is the possibility to receive the additional financial resources directly from state budget (budget and fiscal decentralization). Namely this is the main purpose to establish the united territorial communities. And here exclusively the populism slogans are that the purpose of such newly established communities is to approach the services to population, availability of residents in territorial community to solution of issues of local importance, etc. From the other hand, decentralization – this is what the ones who want more power are covered, because the power is money.

ECONOMIC ESSENCE AND ROLE OF PROPERTY TAXES IN UKRAINE

Introduction. The development of local self-government is one of the important prerequisites for the formation of a democratic state. Effective activity of local self-government bodies is impossible without a sufficient amount of financial resources, which are formed at the expense of the local budget’s own tax revenues. The local taxes and fees are the basis of financial independence of local authorities in the most developed countries of the world, the main among which are considered property taxes. The formation and development of national tax systems takes longer in the most developed countries than in Ukraine, which in its turn, affects the quality of tax legislation and as a consequence is accompanied by a misunderstanding on the part of society’s tax innovations. The construction of the taxation system should be based on the citizens’ awareness of the fiscal importance of property taxes in the formation of the revenue side of the state and local budgets. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of the collection of property taxes in Ukraine, research their role in the formation of the revenue side of local budgets and to outline areas for improving property taxes in Ukraine using foreign experience. Results. The general features of the evolution of the property taxation system are considered. It is argued that a key element of the real estate taxation mechanism if the procedure for determining the tax base, which is mostly the valuation of the object. It is necessary to review property tax rates, conduct an inventory and ensure the full functioning of the system of mass registration of real estate, introduce a correction factor to take into account historical, territorial and other characteristics of real estate, increase tax literacy and tax culture of the population. Prospects. The attention will be paid to the differentiation of property tax rates, the feasibility of introducing preferential taxation, the advantages and disadvantages of property taxation and more in further research,.

Legal features of european municipal systems

LEGALFEATURESOFEUROPEANMUNICIPALSYSTEMS The development of the institution of local self-government has always been associated with the search for a balance of interests of the state and society. In Western democracies, power structures occupy a central place, and their main function is to ensure the well-being of the population. The current stage of the development of local self-government in the Russian Federation makes the problem of comprehensive provision of the interests of society, including at the regional and local level, relevant again. We are talking about improving the local governance system, which is an important condition for the formation of a democratic State. The question of the prospects for the development of effective local self-government requires an analysis of foreign legislation.

Проблемы становления и развития местного самоуправления в России в отечественной историографии

The study is devoted to the analysis of Russian historiography of the problems of the formation and development of local self-government in Russia from the late 1980s to the early 2000s. The relevance of the study lies in the increasing role of local government in solving key issues of socio-economic development of the country and its regions at the present stage. We note the position of local self-government at the junction of many areas of scientific knowledge, it is determined that the research of problems of local self-government is often interdisciplinary in nature. The decisive significance of the changes that took place in the political system of Russia, which set the methodological and ideological foundations for scientific research from the late 1980s to the early 2000s, is revealed. As a result of the use of historical-comparative and retrospective research methods in the work, it is possible to establish the main stages in the development of the historiography of local self-government in the period under study, to determine the key problems solved at each of these stages, to identify and interpret the opinion of scientists from various fields of science regarding the problem under study. As the analysis of the historiography of local self-government has shown, despite the incompleteness of the source base in the late 1980s and early 2000s, it was during this period that fundamental works on local self-government were created, which laid the foundation for subsequent scientific research. We draw conclusions about the need for further study of historiography with the expansion of the range of sources, which will highlight the most promising directions for the development of local self-government and, possibly, will be of practical interest for modern public authorities.

Organizational and managerial aspects of tourist destinations branding: partnership management in the development and implementation of activities

The tourist destinations develop with the participation of a significant number of stakeholders, whose interests often do not coincide, and sometimes completely differently directed, which determines the multifactorial nature of the relationship in the scope of the set goals achieving. On the one hand, this is the development of tourism, in which the business community is interested, on the other hand, the interests of the territory administration, which interests are of a dual nature. Coordination of the interests of all interested parties - the administration, the population of the territorial entity, the business community and tourists becomes a priority in this situation. The solution to this priority task through partnership management technologies is proposed in this research. The research is based on the use of a systematic approach and technologies of management analysis and modelling. The proposed conclusion, algorithm, model can be used in the implementation of territories branding, in the formation and implementation of the tourist destination development, in the regional policy formulation in the tourism development and the local self-government development.

THE ROLE OF TAX POTENTIAL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN UKRAINE

Introduction. At the present stage of development of Ukraine’s economy, the need to equalize territorial disparities in the financial support of territorial communities is especially relevant. The implementation of the policy of decentralization in the context of the formation of financial resources of local self-government increases the importance of tax and budgetary levers in the process of socio-economic development of administrative-territorial entities. In this aspect, the tax potential of local governments as a priority element of regional fiscal policy plays an important role. The ability of public authorities and local governments to transform the tax base into tax revenues gives them the opportunity to perform their functions, in particular to influence the financial and economic processes in society. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of the formation and effective use of tax potential in the development of administrative-territorial units at the present stage. Results. The urgency of the problem of financial support for the activities of local governments in Ukraine is outlined. The role of local governments in building tax potential for effective fiscal regulation of socio-economic development of territorial entities has been studied. Topical aspects of formation of budgetary resources of municipalities in the Ukrainian and European practice are covered. The dynamics and structure of actual performance indicators of the revenue side of local budgets in Ukraine are analyzed. The role of tax revenues in the financial resources of territorial communities has been growing. The component formation of tax capacity of local budgets in Ukraine was monitored. Considerable attention in the article is paid to risks and threats of fiscal nature that affect the effective development of local self-government. Among them are the shadow economy and pandemic processes (COVID-19). Ways to increase the tax base of territorial communities are systematized. The importance of tax potential in the socio-economic, technical and environmental development of local governments in Ukraine is proved. Perspectives. Further research will focus on current aspects of the formation of the tax capacity of territorial communities in the languages of tax reforms on the basis of fiscal federalism and decentralization.

Local self-government in Russian small towns: development models (on the example of the Tver Region)

The subject of the research of this article is the analysis of models of development of local self-government in small towns of modern Russia and the identification of the self-governing potential of their residents. The study of models of the territorial organization of local self-government and methods of formation of municipal government bodies allows us to identify trends in the evolution of the local self-government system, to determine their nature. The study of the ideas of residents of Russian small towns about the models of local self-government and the attitudes of citizens to participate in solving local problems allows us to identify the socio-cultural foundations of the processes unfolding in modern municipalities. The object of the study is residents of small towns in the Tver region. The methods of document analysis, statistical data analysis, and survey methods were used. The data of sociological monitoring carried out in the Tver region in 2018-2020 by the method of formalized interviewing are presented. В The models of the territorial organization of local self-government in small towns are investigated, the degree of prevalence of elective procedures for the formation of municipal bodies is studied. The ideas of the population of small towns about the nature of local self-government and its place in the management system of Russian society are analyzed, the attitude of citizens to various models of territorial organization of local self-government and ways of electing the head of the municipality is studied, the nature of the attitudes of citizens to participate in self-governing practices is revealed. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the analysis of the prevalence of various models of local self-government in small towns, taking into account their spatial and geographical location, resource characteristics and the level of self-governing potential of the population. The information obtained can be used by state and municipal authorities in the process of forming municipal management systems and organizing work with the population to involve them in self-governing practices.

Political and legal support for the development of local self-government in Ukraine

Political and legal support for the development of local self-government in Ukraine

Институт местного самоуправления: возникновение и развитие в современных условиях

The relevance of the topic is primarily due to the fact that local government is one of the most important institutions of public relations. Its development has been a «cornerstone» in municipal science for many decades, since its inception. The article examines the main conceptual concepts of this phenomenon, developed by foreign and domestic authors, gives a step-by-step description of the formation of the Russian institution of local self-government. The actual development of local self-government at the present stage is shown through the analysis of legal documents. As a result of the study, conclusions were made about the imperfection of the legal framework in the field of governance at the local level. There was an urgent need for significant adjustments to the legislative framework related to the regulation and development of the institution of local government.

ВПЛИВ ЗЕМЕЛЬНОЇ РЕФОРМИ НА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The urgency of the problem of food security has a clear tendency to increase due to the intensification of globalization, population growth on the planet, deteriorating climatic conditions for the production of the required amount of food. Along with the malnutrition of a large part of the population, food production with the use of chemical additives that cause obesity and reduced immunity is becoming more common. The aim of the article is to carefully consider the main stages of land reform with further identification of the main challenges, risks and threats to food security. To characterize the impact of land reform on food security, the following methods were used: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization - in the study of the essential characteristics of the term "land reform"; synthesis and analysis - to characterize the content of the selected stages of land reform; morphological analysis - to clarify the content of the main challenges, risks and threats to food security; graphic - for a visual presentation of theoretical and methodological material; abstract-logical - for theoretical generalizations and conclusions of the study. Ukraine has unique land and water resources that allow it to meet not only its own needs, but also to be one of the largest exporters of food. The challenges, risks and threats that have arisen and are relevant in the process of land reform, designed to change the land management system, stand in the way of achieving the main goals in the field of food security. The main challenges, risks and threats include: lack of proper control by public authorities and local governments over the rational use of land and their reproduction; use of "shadow" schemes for privatization of land resources; raw materials orientation of agricultural production with a focus on the export of products with a low level of value added; strengthening the manifestations of monopoly in the actions of agricultural holdings, which has a detrimental effect on the development of farming; the amount of rent is significantly lower than in other countries. The obtained results form the necessary basis for making changes in state regulation and development of local self-government to ensure the required level of food security.

Некоторые историко-правовые аспекты формирования модели взаимодействия государственных и муниципальных органов

The article deals with topical issues of the development of local self-government based on the requirements of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, taking into account the constitutional amendments. The authors summarize some aspects of the constitutional consolidation of local self-government in different historical periods. Theoretical and practical approaches to ensuring selfgovernment tasks implementation are considered.

LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE UNIFIED SYSTEM OF PUBLIC POWER IN RUSSIA

The relevance of the study is caused by the new constitutional amendments adopted in 2020 on the unified system of public power, bodies of a unified system of public power and cooperation between state and municipal bodies. The purpose of the work is to systematically analyze the constitutional provisions and identify the place of local self-government in the unified system of public power. In this regard, we studied the stages of local self-government development as an element of the public power system, and the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation consolidating the subjects of different state power levels. The authors proposed the doctrinal concepts of local self-government, a unified system of public power, and bodies of a unified system of public power.

Agile and Lean approaches: possibilities of application in local self-government bodies of Ukraine

The article considers the concepts and history of Agile and Lean, the possibility of application in local self-government in Ukraine, analysis of the experience of local government in other countries. The aim of the article is to find ways to learn the best experience to improve the work of local self-government in Ukraine.Foreign publications related to the possibility of implementing the Agile methodology in the field of public administration and local self-government are analyzed. Examples of interaction and mutual influence of Agile and Lean are given. Demonstrates how references in international ISO standards to the above-mentioned methodologies, values and ways of thinking are used. ISO standards for management systems are universal and can be applied by both private and public sector organizations. One of the main ideas behind the standards is continuous improvement based on the PDCA cycle, and organizations that have implemented management systems such as ISO 9001 can use international best practices, tools and techniques to improve efficiency and effectiveness, satisfaction of customers and other interested parties and reduce unwanted losses. Such methods are those which are considered in this article. Historically, most management practices have emerged in the private sector, driven by a competitive environment. And then adapts to public administration and local government. In Ukraine, the process of decentralization of local self-government is gaining momentum. Sustainable development of local self-government is the basis for ensuring the comfort and quality of life of the local communities. In a rapidly changing environment, there is a need to find new management approaches. It is proposed to conduct short-term pilot projects to test the Agile method in local governments. It is advisable to include consideration of the methods specified in the article in training and retraining of employees. Continuous improvement requires, first of all, a change in organizational culture and awareness and involvement of staff for the most effective implementation of world best practices.

Адміністративно-територіальна реформа в Україні: інституціональні та організаційні заходи завершення

The article is devoted to topical issues of the decentralization of power and the development of local self-government. The purpose of the study is to identify the main problems that have arisen when changing the territorial structure and carrying out sectoral reforms in the process of decentralization: problems of transferring the powers of executive authorities to local governments and their delimitation, creation of an appropriate resource base for the exercise of the powers of local self-government bodies, determination of the procedure for transferring property to joint ownership; making effective decisions on the establishment of local taxes and fees; effective staffing for community development management. Recommendations for the creation and implementation of institutional mechanisms and organizational measures to ensure the completion of the reform of power decentralization are proposed.

Revenues of Municipalities as a Tool of Local Self-Government Development (Comparative Study)

A municipality’s budget is a tool that significantly affects the long-term economic potential of the area. In addition, it is an important tool for the management of the municipality, in relation to the effective provision of public services for inhabitants. To ensure them, it uses the revenues that the local self-government receives from various sources. The aim of the paper is to characterize and to compare the mechanism of creating revenues of the local self-government in the Slovak and Czech Republic and, at the same time, to analyze the relationships between individual groups of local revenues in the time period 2009–2018. We analyzed the basic groups of municipal revenues: total revenues, current revenues, and capital revenues. For the analysis, we used selected mathematical–statistical methods (trend lines, correlation coefficient). Although both countries were part of one country, both have a dual model of public administration and have undergone fiscal decentralization; the structure and sources of local self-government revenues are different. However, a common attribute is the dependence of local self-government on state revenues. Tax revenues are the most important part of current budget revenues. Despite fiscal decentralization, local budget revenues are dependent on the state. In the Slovak Republic, share taxes from the state represent 74% of the total tax revenues of municipalities, and in the Czech Republic, 85% of the total tax revenues of municipalities.

Конституционная реформа местного самоуправления: единство публичной власти как новый всеобщий принцип организации местного самоуправления

The article reviews the influence of Law of the Russian Federation on the Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation No. 1-ФКЗ of March 14, 2020, On the Improvement of the Regulation of Some Issues of the Organization and Functioning of Public Government on the constitutional model of local self-government. The author studies the opportunities for building of unified public government and the unity of public government as a new universal principle of arranging of local self-government. The paper offers forecasts concerning further development of local self-government, change in the status of its agencies.