Development Of Lipidomics Research Articles

Regulating Lipid Metabolism in Gout: A New Perspective with Therapeutic Potential.

Gout is a metabolic disease characterized by inflammatory arthritis caused by abnormal uric acid metabolism. It is often complicated with cardio-renal damage and vascular lesions. In recent years, the relationship between lipid metabolism and gout has attracted increasing attention. Changes in blood lipids in gout patients are often clinically detectable and closely related to uric acid metabolism and inflammatory response in gout. With the development of lipidomics, the changes in small lipid molecules and their metabolic pathways have been gradually discovered, yielding a greater understanding of the lipid metabolism changes in gout patients and their potential role in gout development. Through searching the literature on lipid metabolism in gout since 2000 in PubMed and Web of Science, this article reviewed lipid metabolism changes in gout patients and their role in the risk of gout, uric acid metabolism, inflammatory response, and comorbidities. Additionally, the strategies to regulate the abnormal lipid metabolism in gout have also been summarized from the aspects of drugs, diet, and exercise. These will provide a new perspective for understanding gout pathogenesis and its treatment and management.

Extraction and Quantification of Sphingolipids from Hemiptera Insects by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Sphingolipids are major structural components of endomembranes and have also been described as an intracellular second messenger involved in various biological functions in all eukaryotes and a few prokaryotes. Ceramides (Cer), the central molecules of sphingolipids, have been depicted in cell growth arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. With the development of lipidomics, the identification of ceramides has been analyzed in many species, mostly in model insects. However, there is still a lack of research in non-model organisms. Here we describe a relatively simple and sensitive method for the extraction, identification, and quantification of ceramides in Hemiptera Insects (brown planthooper), followed by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). C18 is used as the separation column for quantitative detection and analysis on the triple quadruple liquid mass spectrometer. In this protocol, the standard curve method is adopted to confirm the more accurate quantification of ceramides based on the optional detection conditions.

Exosomal lipid composition and the role of ether lipids and phosphoinositides in exosome biology

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle released from cells after fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. These vesicles are often enriched in cholesterol, SM, glycosphingolipids, and phosphatidylserine. Lipids not only have a structural role in exosomal membranes but also are essential players in exosome formation and release to the extracellular environment. Our knowledge about the importance of lipids in exosome biology is increasing due to recent technological developments in lipidomics and a stronger focus on the biological functions of these molecules. Here, we review the available information about the lipid composition of exosomes. Special attention is given to ether lipids, a relatively unexplored type of lipids involved in membrane trafficking and abundant in some exosomes. Moreover, we discuss how the lipid composition of exosome preparations may provide useful information about their purity. Finally, we discuss the role of phosphoinositides, membrane phospholipids that help to regulate membrane dynamics, in exosome release and how this process may be linked to secretory autophagy. Knowledge about exosome lipid composition is important to understand the biology of these vesicles and to investigate possible medical applications.

A review of the role of sebum in the mechanism of acne pathogenesis

Acne is one of the most common skin disorders, and its occurrence is closely related to many factors, including sebum secretion, hormone levels, bacterial infection, and inflammatory reactions. Among these, changes in sebum secretion are believed to be one important factor of acne. Increased sebum secretion can induce acne occurrence, and increasing evidence indicates sebum component changes are also strongly related to acne occurrence. Recently, developments in lipidomics have provided effective lipid analysis methods. These can help elucidate the effects of different types of sebum on acne occurrence and provide a theoretical basis for research on the mechanisms of acne pathogenesis and treatment.

Regulation of T cell signalling by membrane lipids.

The plasma membrane is an essential cellular structure that separates the cell interior from the extracellular environment, while allowing for the exchange of signals and materials that are essential for cell survival and function. The complexity of the lipids in the plasma membrane has been long appreciated, but recent developments in lipidomics and imaging technologies have improved our understanding of plasma membrane lipid dynamics. New studies have started to unveil important functions for plasma membrane lipids in regulating T cell signalling. Importantly, it has been shown that the modulation of membrane lipids can be used to harness T cell activity to treat cancer and autoimmunity. Therefore, lipid-based immunotherapy might be a promising new clinical strategy.

Lipidomics: new insight into kidney disease.

Due to the incidence of type-2 diabetes and hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide. CKD results in premature death from accelerated cardiovascular disease and various other complications. Early detection, careful monitoring of renal function, and response to therapeutic intervention are critical for prevention of CKD progression and its complications. Unfortunately, traditional biomarkers of renal function are insufficiently sensitive or specific to detect early stages of disease when therapeutic intervention is most effective. Therefore, more sensitive biomarkers of kidney disease are needed for early diagnosis, monitoring, and effective treatment. CKD results in profound changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism that, in turn, contribute to progression of CKD and its cardiovascular complications. Lipids and lipid-derived metabolites play diverse and critically important roles in the structure and function of cells, tissues, and biofluids. Lipidomics is a branch of metabolomics, which encompasses the global study of lipids and their biologic function in health and disease including identification of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and therapeutic response for various diseases. This review summarizes recent developments in lipidomics and its application to various kidney diseases including chronic glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, chronic renal failure, renal cell carcinoma, diabetic nephropathy, and acute renal failure in clinical and experimental research. Analytical technologies, data analysis, as well as currently known metabolic biomarkers of kidney diseases are addressed. Future perspectives and potential limitations of lipidomics are discussed.

Lipidomics applications in health, disease and nutrition research

The structural and functional diversity of lipids accounts for their involvement into a wide range of homeostatic processes and disease states, including lifestyle-related diseases as well as genetic conditions. Challenges presented by this diversity have been addressed to a great extent by the development of lipidomics, a platform that makes possible the detailed profiling and characterisation of lipid species present in any cell, organelle, tissue or body fluid, and allows for a wider appreciation of the biological role of lipid networks. Progress in the field of lipidomics has been greatly facilitated by recent advances in MS and includes a range of analytical platforms supporting applications spanning from qualitative and quantitative assessment of multiple species to lipid imaging. Here we review these MS techniques currently in routine use in lipidomics, alongside with new ones that have started making an impact in the field. Recent applications in health, disease and nutrition-related questions will also be discussed with a view to convey the importance of lipidomics contributions to biosciences and food technology.

Lipidomics: A Promising area in “OMICS” Research

Lipidomics is defined as the analysis of lipids on the systems-level scale together with their interacting factors. In this review, we will discuss the technical developments in the field of lipidomics and overview the current state of the lipid bioinformatics field as well as suggest few potential new areas of research. The role of bioinformatics in the development of lipidomics will also be discussed.

Bioinformatics and computational approaches applicable to lipidomics

AbstractLipidomics owes its emergence to technologies developed over the past decade that empowered us with the ability to detect and quantify hundreds of intact lipid molecular species in parallel. One of the biggest current challenges of lipidomics is the elucidation of important pathobiological phenomena from the integration of large amounts of new data becoming available. In this respect, development of lipidomics as a field bears many similarities to the emergence and progress of genomics. Initial excitement over the ability to measure the expression of large numbers of genes in parallel was soon overshadowed by concerns over the ability to reliably analyze and interpret the expression data. This led to active research in the area of bioinformatics, which led to improved statistical methods as well as to new approaches for the analysis of transcriptome data in the pathway context. This review covers recent bioinformatics developments of relevance to analysis and interpretation of analytical lipidomics data, with the focus primarily on practical aspects of lipid bioinformatics.

Technological developments in lipidomics

Lipid analysis is a well-established field of research that focuses on one lipid or a few lipids. The recent developments in mass spectrometry technologies have enabled more comprehensive studies to be performed on lipids present in a sample. The move towards extensive lipid research has led to the coining of the term lipidomics, which is defined as the ensemble of lipids present in a sample. In this review, we will discuss the technical developments in the field of lipidomics and the current limitations of this nascent field.