Development Of Linguistic Competence Research Articles

Gender‐just language teaching and linguistic competence development

AbstractWithin a broad turn toward identity‐focused pedagogies, educators are increasingly recognizing the critical impetus to engage with gender in expansive and inclusive ways. However, challenges persist. Often inadequate supports are exacerbated by a lack of empirical investigations into whether and how gender‐just language teaching may contribute to student learning. Thus, very little is known about how this ethical imperative interfaces with linguistic outcomes. To respond, this study analyzed linguistic accuracy and complexity in assignment data from 112 US undergraduate students enrolled in one of three iterations of an intermediate French course, which varied in whether and when gender‐just pedagogies were introduced. Results indicated that gender‐just language pedagogies contribute to significantly lower overall mean error rates but do not have a statistically significant relationship with mean length of utterance. Implications are discussed, including the clear benefit of an early‐and‐often approach to gender justice in the language classroom.

LISTENING-FIRST APPROACH AND LISTENING STRATEGIES TOWARDS SUCCESSFUL EFL LISTENING CLASSROOM

This paper highlights the importance of listening comprehension in learning English as a foreign language (EFL). The aim of this paper is two-fold: (1) to suggest use of listening-first approach towards successful listening comprehension teaching; and (2) to propose a challenge of teaching listening strategies to help students acquire good competence in listening comprehension. It cites significant research findings in second language acquisition and reviews the concept of listening comprehension and listening strategies and their relationship language teaching and learning. Research suggests that listening is prerequisite to other language skills, speaking, reading, and writing, and listening should be the primary skill to be acquired in learning a new language. There are major reasons for applying the listening-first approach. Listening comprehension sets a foundation for the future acquisition of speaking. Emphasis on aural comprehension training, and relaxation of the requirement for oral production in the initial phase of instruction, fosters development of linguistic competence, and produces better results than those obtained through intensive oral practice. Additionally, research also suggest that listening strategy is something teachable, so that it can be taught students in such a way that they will have opportunities to choose which suits their learning capability.

Regional aspect in foreign language education (sociocultural competence)

The regional aspect of language education plays a significant role in the development of sociocultural students’ competence. The implementation of the regional component in university education is rarely considered, the issues of determining its content and role in the development of student competencies are not sufficiently developed. The way linguistic disciplines are currently taught in universities is undergoing a qualitative change, helping it meet the requirements of educational modernization, while the content and teaching methods are updated, and a competency-based approach to professional training is developed. The sociocultural competence occupies an important position together with the development of linguistic competence of students. The article presents the project results “Teaching the German language with the regional material” for the students of “45.03.01 Philology: Foreign philology (German language and literature)”. A preliminary survey showed that 76 % of students from 52 respondents were interested in studying regional material in the foreign language. The results discovered that our pedagogical approach increased the level of regional sociocultural competence of students, which contributed to the development of students' competency in the dialogue of cultures.

Strategie komunikacyjne minimalnie werbalnych dzieci rozpoczynających edukację przedszkolną

In the so-called minimally verbal, a negligible degree of expressing communication behavior is diagnosed, which significantly reduces participation in interaction and reduces the effectiveness of communication. The minimal-verbal communication behaviors of preschool children in interaction are characterized by: sub-competence and transitional competence. With a shortage of linguistic resources, the child has specific communication behaviors, i.e. strategies that involve participation in interaction, the process of receiving and decoding meanings, and to a large extent the production and transmission of a message that is as understandable to the environment as possible. With limited language tools, children entering preschool education either withdraw from communicating or look for any possible means of interaction –both strategies can be observed in both natural and simulated pedagogical situations. The minimum verbosity of pre-school children does not exclude the possibility of interaction with other communication partners. The gradual transition from the level of sub-competency and transitional competence to a higher level requires early therapeutic and pedagogical activities, incentives to use achievement strategies more often, and to build bridges between communicative, linguistic and cultural competences. Without therapy, the strategies used may lead to fossilization, i.e. inhibit communication and the development of linguistic competence.

Development of language skills and conditions for psychosocial development of children and youth in multilingual families

This paper serves as a contribution to the debate on the author’s studies concerning the correlation between the development of linguistic competence and the conditions for the psychosocial development of children and youth in multilingual families. The following deliberations present the point of view of a neurological speech therapist and concerns language difficulties, which are prevalent in multilingual people. This paper was based on the author’s own studies and patient observations. The objective was to show that the linguistic and psychosocial development of people in bi- and multilingual families is different and carries additional risks. The following considerations lead to the final conclusion that being a citizen of the world and immersion in many cultures can be a beautiful adventure for a young person; in which they should be supported by family, teacher and multilingual speech therapist.

Формирование языковой компетентности как условие речевого развития старших дошкольников

We study the problem of the development of linguistic competence in older preschool children. It is noted that the development of linguistic competence is one of the conditions for the development of a preschooler’s personality, the basis of preparation for school. The mastery by children of various types of coherent utterance presupposes not just knowledge of the peculiarities of constructing texts with different structural and linguistic characteristics, but the ability to apply this knowledge in various situations of communicative interaction. We determine the peculiarities of preschool students’ ideas about the rules for creating a description and the ability to independently compose it. In the course of the research, it turned out that the majority of older preschool students have no idea about the specifics of the description. Children do not differentiate texts, cannot clearly explain the difference between a story and a description, do not understand the meaning of a qualitative description for solving communication problems. This also affects the children’s own descriptions. Descriptions of children are short, poorly structured, uninformative, full of errors, both in the sequence of transmission of thought, and in the design of thought by means of language. We reveal the technology of linguistic competence development. It is pre-sented in accordance with the stages of speech activity: the content of the motivational stage, the planning stage (design) of a descriptive statement, the implementation of the design and control over the quality of the produced statement is disclosed.

The use of proverbs and anti-proverbs in teaching english to secondary school students

Language and culture co-study issues have a permanent tendency to be interpreted from the view point of socio-cultural competence. In this regard, a foreign language teacher faces the problem of creating pedagogical conditions for the effective development of linguistic and socio-cultural competencies of students in order to acquire the ability to use a foreign language in the process of intercultural communication. As one of the ways to solve this problem, the authors of the article suggest using authentic proverbial material in the process of teaching a foreign language. The authors believe that the national culture and modern language trends are most fully and vividly manifested in the paremiological units of the language, which include Proverbs and anti-Proverbs. Their use at different stages of learning a foreign language will become an additional source of background knowledge about the country of a target language and contribute to the evaluation of students’ language and speaking skills. With the help of experimental and diagnostic training, the authors are trying to prove and justify the effectiveness of using authentic proverbial material in the process of teaching a foreign language to secondary school students of the 9th grade. The analysis of empirical data has shown that indicators of socio-cultural and linguistic competence development are the abilities of students to interpret adequately background information and use a set of language tools for intercultural communication. Participants of experimental diagnostic testing objectively improved the indicators of the level of training and demonstrated the abitity to use background knowledge fluently.

The Integrative Nature of Interculturalism in Galicia at The Beginning of the 20th Century

The article outlines the main aspects of interculturalism in Galicia at the beginning of the 20th century. The interculturalism has been defined as the initial basis of communication, formed by a combination of social and educational environment. In modern society with many political and intercultural problems, the communicative competence and formation of tolerant attitudes towards people play a significant role. Linguistic education is one of the main tasks of educational pedagogy, linguistics, methodology, language rules, principles, and methods of teaching, ways of investigating education. The level of language culture of the personality in the mother tongue and foreign languages is evidence of the development of linguistic competence. The changes in the cultural sphere of society determine the need to investigate linguistic problems, focusing on improving language culture to achieve efficiency. The language problems have gone beyond the framework of philology and have become the general problems of society to regulate language culture in the process of social communication, social processes, the development of society as a whole system. In the political sphere, the culture of language promotes the emergence of mutual interest and respect between people of different nationalities and the stabilization of interethnic and international relations. The described innovative approach in the organization of social communication and interculturalism in Galicia space can be creatively and practically adapted in the conditions of any modern multicultural society.

Factors Affecting ESL Students' Willingness to Communicate in English Classroom Discussions and Their Use of Linguistic Strategies

In the past few years, the importance of willingness to communicate (WTC) has received greater attention among scholars in the field as it has generally been found that WTC is closely related to the development of linguistic competence. This study employed the WTC Model (MacIntyre et al., 1998) and Halliday's (1985) Systemic Functional Linguistics to examine Malaysian students' WTC behavior through the analysis of classroom observations, journal entries and interview data. Thematic analysis was used to identify the situational factors affecting students' WTC in classroom discussion interactions. Moreover, linguistic analysis of the data concentrated on interpersonal meaning of tenor to find out how students' WTC was realized and how role relations were established among them through mood patterns and speech functions. The study found the major factors that increased the students' WTC in the classroom discussions including topics of interest, relevance of the topic to one's experience, teaching method, the relationship with peers, etc. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the students' WTC was realized linguistically through the predominant use of declarative and interrogative discourse. Moreover, students tended to react more through supporting moves rather than confronting moves which showed a cooperative and positive atmosphere in the classroom. It can be concluded that students' WTC in a particular situation is related to certain factors that promote their behavioral WTC to be manifested through language.

Análise conversacional de crianças com paralisia cerebral: estudos de casos clínicos

Introdução: O fonoaudiólogo pode e deve contribuir de uma maneira mais ativa e embasada teoricamente, nos aspectos linguísticos das alternativas à comunicação oral. Objetivo: Examinar o padrão conversacional de crianças com paralisia cerebral e seus parceiros comunicativos em sessões fonoaudiológicas. Método: Estudo de casos múltiplos, descritivos, transversais e contemporâneos. Resultados: Observou-se que pares adjacentes do tipo indagação/resposta e ordem/execução foram mais comumente bem sucedidos, com evidências claras de que as crianças estudadas dependem linguisticamente de seus parceiros conversacionais. Conclusões: O desenvolvimento da competência linguística parece ser favorecido pelo fonoaudiólogo quando este reduz o número de possibilidades de resposta e ao mesmo tempo oferece algum recurso comunicativo.

ADVANTAGES OF APPLICATION OF COMPLEX MODULAR TEACHING TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSES

This article is devoted to the advantage of applying the technology of integrated modular training in English classes, since the development and modernization of higher education in modern conditions has made it the goal of comprehensive formation of professional competence for a future teacher. New priorities in education are prompting teachers to search for new modern effective teaching technologies that enable achieving higher learning and upbringing results, introducing new educational technologies in the educational process. The best practices of the teachers of many educational institutions confirm their desire for an active search and use of pedagogical technologies in working with students. Modern advanced pedagogical technologies include modular learning technology. Modular training is a way of organizing the educational process based on the block-modular presentation of educational information. Modular learning is becoming more and more popular in modern learning, as it uses elements in the context of pedagogy of cooperation, humanizes the learning process and saves time. It seems to us that the organization of training in vocabulary through the module as a unit of educational material will be an additional factor in optimizing the learning process. The technology of modular learning is characterized by the advanced study of theoretical material, enlarged block modules, the algorithmization of educational activities, the completeness and consistency of cognitive cycles and other cycles of activity, level-by-level individualization of educational activities and the creation of a situation of choice for a teacher and students. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were developed for teachers and students on the development of linguistic competence, in particular, on the development of competence to study a foreign language correctly, which is of primary importance for future teachers.

Playing Technologies as Mean for Development of Linguistic Competence of Foreign Students during Studying of Language History

There is increasing of the interest to playing technologies extensively using in educational space at the modern stage of teaching of Russian as a foreign language. Playing activity causes students’ linguistic competence building and allows beefing up their background knowledge. The one of the most efficient mean for arouse an interest to Russian language history is didactic game. Using of various playing technologies in auditory of other languages causes the increasing of interest to Russian language and its history. Linguistic facts become more accessible and understandable. The main attention during material take-off for historical commentary should be paid to its practical focus that provides the formation of communicative, linguistic and culturological competence of foreign students. The article presents didactic principles of material take-off for playing technologies, adduces examples of linguistic games oriented to training of difficult for foreign students themes related to Russian language history such as orthography, phonetic, grammar.

Дифференцированный подход к обучению английскому языку для специальных целей

We discuss the use of differentiated methods in teaching English for specific purposes to students of non-linguistic specialities. Admittedly, within the framework of the Bologna process, foreign language proficiency is regarded as one of the main cross-cultural competences to ensure competitiveness on the global labor market. At the same time, the Bologna system has brought with it a number of challenges with shortage of academic hours being amongst them. On the other hand, university professors have to deal with numerous long-standing school problems, such as lack of academic motivation in learners, their target language knowledge gaps, short-term approach found in learners and their parents, and so on. The teachers in ESP face the necessity of setting priority areas for the development of linguistic competence in students in order to prepare them for professional communication in the chosen field. Although the language classroom is to cover various aspects of the target language, in the meantime, however, teachers need to choose effective activities for developing specific skills in students, the skills which will be successfully put into practice by the young professionals. We teach students of musical, economic, medical and pedagogical specialities. We describe our teaching experience focusing on some specific methods applied to promote linguistic competence in students of other than linguistic fields. They maintain the significance of carefully chosen teaching resources for successful development of professionally related competences in learners; emphasize the vital importance attached to thoughtful arrangement of self-studies for the trainees and insist on developing a well-balanced structure of supervised and independent learner studies. We consider applying information technologies with the aim of shaping and raising the level of students’ linguistic, cross-cultural and communicative competences as one of optimal solutions in the modern academic process. At the same time, the learners’ major will often determine and enhance the choice of activities that develop the particular skills relevant for the students’ future careers. Therefore, this study will consider the types of tasks methodologically relevant for different specialities.

KSZTAŁTOWANIE POSTAWY OTWARTOŚCI INTERKULTUROWEJ NAUCZYCIELI JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH W ŚWIETLE ZALECEŃ UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ I NA PRZYKŁADZIE ASYSTENTURY COMENIUSA

Learning a foreign language is not only limited to the development of linguistic competences. Learning a language also means learning about the culture and life of another country, which very often may be a future destination for educational or professional purposes for foreign language learners. Teaching intercultural competences within foreign language education is a subject of academic research. Official documents of the European Union, which affect the national language education strategies, also confirm the importance developing intercultural competence. Experts agree that foreign language teachers play a crucial role in building intercultural awareness of their pupils. Thus, in order to act as intercultural mediators they should acquire intercultural skills and competences themselves. This article analyses the development of future foreign language teachers’ intercultural competences as a consequence of their participation in Comenius Assistantship, a component of the Lifelong Learning Programme.

Textual Invention and Quotation

The development of linguistic competence allows a greater access to linguistic knowledge and control of its actual use. Linguistic competence is built on the capacity of manipulating systemic rules and units (grammar), and it is in a speaker’s vital interest that the system remains stable, i.e. unchanged, to ensure his communicative efficiency. But the competence is no less constructed based on perceiving and reproducing texts that the speaker has acquired in order to possess them, as it is said, “by heart”. These texts belong, as does systemic knowledge, to the general image of a speaker’s communicative abilities.By analogy to linguistic rules and forms, texts that a speaker is ready to quote at any moment of his linguistic activity are best used when they undergo no change, i.e. when they preserve their stability. Considering those texts as parts of their intimate and social identity, the speakers develop a specific attitude towards textual units known by heart in a way that, in their view, they are referred to as untouchable. Sacred texts, for instance. A prayer (e.g. The Lord’s Prayer) is a text of such kind. It is used in speakers’ everyday linguistic practice, gradually uttered in a uniform manner, quoted and requoted. The result of that specific communicational practice is the growing importance of the sole act of utterance rather than the speakers’ interest in its meaning. This is one of the reasons why speakers are justifiably reserved when it comes to changing this kind of text. A change interferes with the continuity of their practice, and is thus felt as a violation of their linguistic identity. But even when the speakers pay little attention to the content of what they are saying, they are entitled to use texts with accurate meaning. This fact justifies the reflective interventions and changes that are being continually made in the historical existence of texts.

Textual Invention and Quotation

The development of linguistic competence allows a greater access to linguistic knowledge and control of its actual use. Linguistic competence is built on the capacity of manipulating systemic rules and units (grammar), and it is in a speaker’s vital interest that the system remains stable, i.e. unchanged, to ensure his communicative efficiency. But the competence is no less constructed based on perceiving and reproducing texts that the speaker has acquired in order to possess them, as it is said, “by heart”. These texts belong, as does systemic knowledge, to the general image of a speaker’s communicative abilities.By analogy to linguistic rules and forms, texts that a speaker is ready to quote at any moment of his linguistic activity are best used when they undergo no change, i.e. when they preserve their stability. Considering those texts as parts of their intimate and social identity, the speakers develop a specific attitude towards textual units known by heart in a way that, in their view, they are referred to as untouchable. Sacred texts, for instance. A prayer (e.g. The Lord’s Prayer) is a text of such kind. It is used in speakers’ everyday linguistic practice, gradually uttered in a uniform manner, quoted and requoted. The result of that specific communicational practice is the growing importance of the sole act of utterance rather than the speakers’ interest in its meaning. This is one of the reasons why speakers are justifiably reserved when it comes to changing this kind of text. A change interferes with the continuity of their practice, and is thus felt as a violation of their linguistic identity. But even when the speakers pay little attention to the content of what they are saying, they are entitled to use texts with accurate meaning. This fact justifies the reflective interventions and changes that are being continually made in the historical existence of texts.

LA PERFORMANCE MORPHOSYNTAXIQUE DANS LES TÂCHES DE REFORMULATION ÉCRITE. CAS D’ÉTUDIANTS DÉBUTANTS DE FLE

In this article the relation between the discourse production dynamic and the linguistic competence development is discussed. This problem is considered with regard to two types of language activities based on reformulation tasks: 1) written reconstruction of a story heard, 2) written production of the end of the story. The analysis of experimental data shows that in the second case the approach to the discourse is more complete which positively influences application of complex morphosyntactic structures in students production.

РАЗВИТИЕ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ЧТЕНИЯ ПУБЛИЦИСТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕКСТОВ НА ЗАНЯТИЯХ ПО РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ КАК ИНОСТРАННОМУ

Teaching Russian as a foreign language is based on the fundamental principles of the communicative approach. Vocabulary learning as a tool for thought transmission plays an essential role in the communicative approach. In the article, a theoretical model of linguistic competence development is analysed, and its practical realisation on the basis of journalistic texts is offered. The author is convinced that knowledge of the peculiarities of the journalistic language can help students not only understand the content of the text and delve into its meaning, but also develop linguistic and communicative competences and join the socio-cultural values of Russia.

Exploración del desarrollo de la competencia lingüística: el inglés como lengua extranjera

En esta reseña general se explora la importancia de la competencia lingüística (CL) en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa (CC) del inglés como lengua extranjera (ILE) en aprendientes hispanohablantes. Un área de interés a tratar es la instrucción explicita (IE) y significativa de la gramática, la fonética, la morfología y la ortografía de manera significativa, es decir, a través de actividades enfocadas en el significado. La noción de CL de acuerdo a Chomsky (1965), junto con la de Hymes (1972) se abordarán para apoyar el desarrollo de esta reseña (De Bona, & Machado, 2012). Sin embargo, la CL propuesta en el modelo de CC de Canale y Swain (1980) (Salazar, 2015) es considerada desde la perspectiva de lo que los aprendientes necesitan saber acerca de la lengua, a través de la IE de los aspectos lingüísticos antes mencionados, de una manera significativa. Para la realización de esta reseña se considerarán investigaciones en las cuales los aprendientes de ILE han recibido instrucción explicita de la gramática principalmente a través de actividades comunicativas periódicas. Se tomarán en cuenta libros electrónicos y artículos arbitrados relacionados a la investigación sobre el desarrollo de la CL de la CC de aprendientes de ILE. Varios temas se discutirán para apoyar el desarrollo de la competencia lingüística en aprendientes del idioma inglés.

Learning the languages of technology: Multilingualism in Indonesian vocational secondary education

In Indonesia, we can consider vocational secondary education as being in the front lines of global contact, in which youth as students directly face the demands of globalized industries and labor markets. Within vocational high schools, the use of multiple languages often plays an important yet unrecognized part of vocational training. This paper will discuss, based on ethnographic data collected in 2013 from two vocational schools in Semarang, the way in which students use multiple languages, mainly English, Indonesian, and Javanese, as part of their process of learning vocational skills. The main argument of the paper is that vocational schools teach students a specific technical variety or register of language, which combines parts or sometimes fragments of multiple languages, often for the purpose of technical vocational competence and not necessarily for the development of linguistic competence. This results in a form of “segmented competence” (Blommaert and Omoniyi 2006). However, youth as students can use this technical register to not only localize global forms of technological practice in their learning processes but also to participate, albeit marginally, in the global or transnational technology-based communities of practice of their vocational program.Keywords: multilingualism; globalization; youth; vocational high school