Development Of Intelligent Buildings Research Articles

Effect of Ultrafine Cement Mineral Phase C4AF on the Properties of PVDF Composite Films

ABSTRACTThe development of intelligent buildings requires energy harvesting technology, especially smart piezoelectric materials. This paper mainly explores the possibility of applying polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a piezoelectric energy storage material in building structures. In order to make PVDF piezoelectric energy storage materials suitable for the cement‐based materials, the cement mineral phase tetracalcium aluminate (C4AF) as filler and PVDF as matrix are used to prepare ultrafine C4AF‐PVDF composite films. The mechanical properties, crystal structure, thermal behavior, electrochemical behavior, and morphology of C4AF‐PVDF composite films are characterized. The results show that a small amount of C4AF can be uniformly dispersed in the PVDF matrix and fill the pores, which not only maintains the good toughness of the PVDF film but also promotes the nucleation and crystallization of the film. Meanwhile, the conceptual model developed in this paper shows the mechanism of C4AF on PVDF film in macro and microstructures, explains, and analyzes the influence of C4AF on the PVDF film matrix from the level of nucleation and crystallization. This paper can provide reference value for the application of cement‐based mineral phase materials combined with PVDF in the field of intelligent buildings for piezoelectric energy harvesting.

A Mussel-Inspired and Recyclable Coating with Integrated Daytime Radiative Cooling and Triboelectric Energy Harvesting for Intelligent and Sustainable Buildings.

Carbon neutrality necessitates new technologies for renewable energy utilization, active regulation of heat exchange, and material recycling to promote green and intelligent building development. Currently, the integration of these functions and characteristics into a single coating material presents a significant challenge. Here, we demonstrate a novel triboelectric and radiative cooling coating with mussel-inspired architectures, fabricated using cellulose nanofibers and Mica-TiO2 as a functional mortar and brick, respectively. The abundant polar groups and specific surface area of cellulose nanofibers enable a high accumulation of induced electrostatic charges, allowing the coating to act as a tribolayer to generate triboelectric outputs. The regularly layered arrangement of Mica-TiO2 endows fire resistance to the coating, which exhibits self-extinguishing properties and maintains 45% of its original electrical output even after direct exposure to flame for 20 s. Additionally, the created multilayered stacking morphology, as well as intense group vibrations of Mica-TiO2, facilitates high reflectivity (Rsolar = 0.9) and long-wave infrared emissivity (ϵLWIR = 0.94), achieving a daytime subambient temperature drop of 5.3 °C. Notably, the coating can be recycled easily while maintaining its triboelectric, radiative cooling, and fire-resistant properties. This work provides an innovative strategy for unifying triboelectric and radiative cooling functions, as well as recyclability, into a single coating material, offering new insights for future sustainable and energy-efficient buildings.

Design and Simulation Implementation of Indoor Lighting Integrated Control System Based on Fuzzy Control

Abstract With the improvement of people’s living standards, higher requirements have been put forward for the quality of the living environment. The progress of science and technology has provided the possibility for the further development of intelligent buildings. As an important component of intelligent buildings, the intelligence level of intelligent lighting is relatively fall behind, especially energy-saving and comprehensive linkage are not considered in the scope of intelligent lighting. According to the characteristics of indoor environment control variables and controlled variables, this paper uses fuzzy control method to realize the comprehensive control of indoor lighting, summarizes the corresponding measures taken by experience into control rules, and constructs a controller to control the complex lighting process instead of people. Through the construction of control rules, the natural lighting is constrained under the full consideration of the influence of temperature and ventilation. The purpose of giving priority to the use of natural lighting and taking into account the overall energy optimization of the system is achieved. The energy-saving idea of combining lighting control with other systems of intelligent building is proposed, and the system performance is simulated and analyzed. It has the advantages of high integration, high degree of intelligence, energy saving and convenient use.

Research on the application of BIM technology in intelligent building technology

With the continuous progress of society and science, building technology is also developing in the direction of intelligence, and the introduction of BIM technology has greatly promoted the development of intelligent buildings in China. The application of BIM technology in the field of intelligent construction is of great significance. It optimises project quality management, accelerates the building delivery process, and improves the operation and maintenance management efficiency of buildings. It is foreseeable that with the arrival of the intelligent era, BIM technology will continue to play an important role and bring more opportunities and challenges to the construction industry. Relevant practitioners should also actively learn and apply this technology to promote the development of the construction industry. This paper is based on a number of typical engineering cases, analyses a large number of existing literature, and reads various working reports and policies issued by the government. It introduces the role of BIM technology in project quality management, intelligent construction delivery and operation and maintenance management, with a view to providing reference for relevant practitioners.

Green Energy Harvesting and Management Systems in Intelligent Buildings for Cost-Effective Operation

Nowadays, the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is driving technological upgrades and transformations in the construction industry, the integration of IoT devices in buildings is crucial for both the buildings themselves and the intelligent cities. However, large-scale IoT devices increase energy consumption and bring higher operating costs to buildings. Therefore, harvesting the ambient cost-effective and clean energy sources is essential for the future development of intelligent buildings. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of integrating a typical triboelectric droplet energy harvester (DEH) into buildings. We demonstrate the energy harvesting capabilities of DEH on different sloped roof surfaces and complex curved building surfaces by simulating rainy weather with various rainfall intensities. The results indicate energy harvesting efficiency increases with larger tilt angles, which guides future smart architectural designs. This work is significant for the future integration of diversified, all-weather green energy collection and management systems, including raindrop energy, wind power generation, and solar energy, which will contribute to energy conservation and cost control in the next generation of smart buildings.

Research on Dynamic Monitoring and Optimization of Lighting Environment in Clothing Workshop Based on Visual Comfort

T8 LED tubes with adjustable brightness and color temperature are installed in the workshop for workers to adjust their lighting independently. The illuminance of the workers’ working surface is dynamically monitored for one year, and the collected illuminance data are quantitatively analyzed to explore the suitable illuminance threshold and color temperature preference for workers in real scenes. The illuminance value is divided according to time period and season, which provides reference for the development of intelligent buildings. For the three workflows in the post-finishing workshop, the lighting environment was optimized based on the uniformity of illumination, and the optimal height of the lighting arrangement was determined. The optimal luminaire placement height for the bar tacking machine was found to be 1.28 m, for the auxiliary workbench it was 1.02 m, and for the ironing table it was 1.2 m.

Machine learning prediction of compressive strength of concrete with resistivity modification

Machine learning techniques can predict the compressive strength of cement-based materials with good accuracy and learning capacity. Traditional compressive strength prediction according to machine learning techniques such as the support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, and Gaussian regression are normally based on the mix proportion of concrete compositions. Resistivity can realize the long-term, real-time and in-situ monitoring of compressive strength of the concrete structures. Therefore, electrical resistivity is regarded as a key nondestructive testing parameter to improve the accuracy of the compressive strength prediction model according to machine learning techniques in this study. When the resistivity was taken into consideration as an input variable accounting for 0.166, the fitting degree of the compressive strength in the decision trees model is increased from 0.77 to 0.79. In the SVM model, the fitting degree remains 0.79, the RMSE decreases from 8.490 to 8.335, which indicates the reliability is improved. The fitting degree in the Gaussian model model is increased from 0.81 to 0.82. As a new parameter variable, the accuracy of the compressive strength prediction model modified with electrical resistivity can be significantly increased. Therefore, the nondestructive testing method can be combined with machine learning techniques to promote the development of civil engineering building structure monitoring, diagnosis and facilitate the development of intelligent buildings through data-driven approaches.

Digital twins for secure thermal energy storage in building

The purpose of this work is to explore the role of the safe and optimal scheduling of thermal energy storage systems in intelligent buildings in promoting sustainable economic development under Digital Twins (DTs) technology. Phase Change Material (PCM) has high energy density, constant temperature storage, small footprint, and long service life. Here, PCM is first placed in the indoor building structure, and the DTs technology is introduced. In the development of intelligent buildings, the data generated by the energy storage system of intelligent buildings in the real space can be mapped to the virtual space in real time for simultaneous analysis. In addition, the PCM wall structure and thermal network DTs model are designed for the intelligent building. In addition, the PCW structure is used to build a thermal energy storage and dispatch model of the smart thermoelectric building based on DTs. Finally, the model is evaluated and analyzed experimentally. The analysis of system optimization power under different schemes indicates that the scheduling operation strategy of thermal energy storage of building walls can avoid overcharging or over-discharging batteries in the microgrid and reduce battery power consumption. Besides, the building wall energy storage capacity is always in the range of 0.2 ∼ 0.8 on the all-weather scale. Moreover, the model constructed here achieves significantly lower economic costs, environmental costs, and energy costs and a better energy-saving effect than the existing model. The model built here can serve as experimental reference for further digital energy storage in intelligent buildings and comprehensive energy utilization because of its superior safety performance and lower consumption.

Strong and flame-retardant wood-based triboelectric nanogenerators toward self-powered building fire protection

In the new era of industry 4.0, improving the energy efficiency and safety is of vital importance for the construction of intelligent building. Here, we report a strong and flame-retardant wood-based triboelectric nanogenerator (FW-TENG) for self-powered building fire protection. Based on a three-step method involving delignification, infiltration with bentonite nanosheets, followed by hot-pressing, the mechanical strength and flame retardancy can be greatly improved. Compared to the natural wood, the flame-retardant wood exhibits a 7.7-fold enhancement in strength, 32% reduction in peak heat release rate, as well as self-extinguishing property. The resulting FW-TENG is further used to develop the self-powered intelligent wireless fire monitoring and escape route guidance system for fire rescue and evacuation. This work extends the application area of self-powered systems to building fire protection, and may greatly promote the development of intelligent buildings and smart cities.

Indoor Environment Intelligent Control System of Green Building Based on PMV Index

With the development and progress of society, people have higher and higher requirements for indoor high temperature and humidity environment. The traditional air conditioning system uses temperature and humidity as control parameters, which has a single control goal, low comfort, and high energy consumption. The purpose of this study is to use predicted mean vote (PMV) thermal comfort index and green building to analyze the intelligent control system of indoor environment. Our intelligent research platform is a set of “intelligent” experimental platforms. The sample data were divided into human metabolic rate, human external work, and heat resistance of clothes, temperature, and air. According to the PMV value, velocity, relative humidity, and average radiation temperature are divided into three categories, which are composed of seven parameters. According to the survey results, PMV at 24°C fluctuates around 0.5, which is an important value for human thermal comfort, and people will feel more comfortable. When the temperature reaches 26°C, the PMV index will reach 0.6 or even more than 0.6, and the human body will be in an unpleasant state due to overheating. In addition, the higher the wind speed is, the smaller the PMV value is and the stronger the cooling effect is. The higher the temperature is, the smaller the influence of wind speed on PMV value is. In other words, the sensitivity of the human body to wind speed will be reduced. In this study, the PMV index intelligent control system can adjust the indoor environment properly, and the conclusion is that the energy consumption and use effect are superior to air conditioning equipment. This research has contributed to the development of intelligent buildings.

Vector of the Intelligent Office Buildings Formation

Every day the architecture expands its borders and opportunities. In meeting the challenges of commercial office buildings designing, which include not only the aesthetic and functional aspects, the efficiency problem of their exploitation becomes more actual, including resource conservation, energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, environmental protection, safety (the fire, terrorism, natural disaster, etc.), comfortable working conditions, reduced operating expenses and economy. The regulatory and legal framework that ensures the development of intelligent buildings (IBs) and the establishment of automatic control systems in office buildings in the USA, Europe and Asia are analysed in the article. Based on the trends of the office buildings development, the main influencing factors of the automated control systems on the formation of intellectual and administrative buildings are identified and based on which a new vector of digital, dynamic and transformative architecture is selected.

Design and Development of Automatic Generic Cabling System Based on .NET

With the development of intelligent building, its infrastructure generic cabling technology was still in the manual stage. In this paper, we analyze the connection between generic cabling technology and CAD. Based on the framework of.NET, we carry on the secondary development of AutoCAD using visual programming language C# to develop the automatic generic cabling system. The system can meet standards of generic cabling project, and realize automatically system diagram design. The system can also generate automatically construction plan design, and complete material statistics, and project budget. It can not only ensure the generic cabling project strictly according to the standard construction, improve project quality and level, reduce the workload of the designer, but also greatly promote the development and application of generic cabling technology in intelligent building.

A mixed activity-based costing and resource constraint optimal decision model for IoT-oriented intelligent building management system portfolios

Recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) have initiated the development of intelligent buildings. Intelligent buildings are expected to provide benefits such as high efficiency, energy-savings and smart services. IoT-oriented management systems play an important role in providing for the operational optimization of intelligent buildings. The main objective of the present study is to find the key determinants that provide an optimal portfolio of IoT-oriented Intelligent Building Management System (IBMS) adoptive strategies for decision-makers. In an IoT-oriented decision-making model, the IoT characteristics’ measurement for the evaluation and determination of management systems for intelligent building are incorporated through the MCDM method, and incorporates an Activity-Based Costing evaluation and resource constraints into Zero-One Goal Programming in the optimal portfolio selection process. The main results indicate that Disaster Prevention System and Energy Management System would be selected for the office building and Factory Environment Monitoring and Factory Energy Monitoring for the smart factory through the integrated decision model. Simultaneously, the result underlines the significant interrelation between Acts and Regulations and Ecosystem Value Chain to provide government policy making. The main contribution of this study is to provide a new decision model integrating activity-based costing and resource constraints into IBMS optimal portfolio selection.

Fractional-order time-sharing-control-based wireless power supply for multiple appliances in intelligent building

The wired power transmission is usually adopted to supply power for the devices in the traditional buildings. With the development of intelligent buildings, the way of wired power supply would greatly increase the complexity and consumption of laying the lines. To improve the flexibility of power supply and reduce the cost of wiring, wireless power transfer technology has been used in smart buildings. However, it remains a fundamental challenge to create a simple wireless power transfer system in which power can be wirelessly transferred to multiple appliances. Therefore, this paper proposes a wireless power transfer scheme based on fractional-order time-sharing control for a variety of household appliances in intelligent building. In the proposed scheme, only one fractional-order capacitor in the transmitter is needed to realize the time-sharing resonant charging. In contrast, the traditional multiple-receiver systems require complicated control scheme, for example, controlling a plurality of sets of series-parallel capacitors through a series of relay switches. To demonstrate the method, a 150 W LED TV with 300 kHz and a 5 W mobile phone charger with 127 kHz serve as the actual loads. The experimental results show that the proposed system can supply power to the TV and the mobile phone by a time-sharing way wirelessly.

Intelligent power monitoring of building equipment based on Internet of Things technology

With the development of intelligent buildings, problems such as difficulties in system integration, poor scalability, and difficulties in coordinated operation across systems have emerged. The development of the Internet of Things technology has provided new ideas for solving these problems. This paper proposes an intelligent building architecture based on the Internet of Things technology. The data aggregation of the indoor electrical Internet of Things and public facilities integration system forms building big data, and provides decision support for building operation and maintenance management through a variety of data analysis algorithms. This paper analyzes and discusses the determination of monitoring objects, the selection and placement of monitoring points in the smart power monitoring system. By building an experimental platform, system function debugging is performed. After several experiments, the power supply device based on intelligent monitoring designed in this paper achieved the expected goal. The system was verified through experiments to realize the collection of power supply parameters, and compared with the actual data, the accuracy can meet the requirements of the monitoring system. When the power supply is abnormal, the power can be cut off in time, which effectively protects the safety of the system and confirms the feasibility of the scheme.

Application of complex event processing approaches for intelligent building development: A review

Application of complex event processing approaches for intelligent building development: A review

Sensing Technologies for Monitoring Intelligent Buildings: A Review

This review presents an overview of the existing state-of-the-art practices of improved performance in buildings required for the algorithmic logic and/or hardware. The main focus is on sensor-actuator-based applications in intelligent buildings like air quality, lighting, heating/cooling, ventilation, power management, water management, cooking gas management, and building health monitoring. The following are some of the major factors that usually rule in the development of intelligent buildings, such as good accuracy of the system, energy efficiency, response time of the sensor module, cost of the overall system, radio frequency interference, adequate signal-to-noise ratio, open interface capability, and intricacy of computation. The importance of the concerned issues and factors are discussed in detail for future research directions.

Integration and Development of Intelligent Building Equipment Management Information System

The development of Internet and communications technology have brought great influence on people in every area and changed people's lifestyle since the 21st century. With the accelerating pace of urban construction, technological innovation, a gradual increase in the level of economic development, intelligent building become a comprehensive reflection of the level of science and technology economy countries, regions, and even cities as a result of technological innovation. It has become an important pillar of the development of the construction industry. It is not only the new lifeblood of economic development, but the lifeblood of human beings sustainable development. Intelligent building provide people with a comfortable, universities, secure and convenient environment. This paper described the concept of intelligent building equipment management information system as well as its history firstly, then discussed the major equipment management information system of intelligent building, finally, researched on integrated development of intelligent building equipment management information management system, and made a wonderful prospect of the future of the development of intelligent buildings.

Intelligent building development and LabView-based modelling of a net zero-energy strategy

The paper presents an intelligent building (IB) development strategy emphasizing the locally available non-polluting renewable energy resources utilization. Considering the immense complexity of the topic, the implementation strategy of the main energy-flow processes is unfolded, using the net zero-energy building concept (NZEB). Noticeably, in the first research steps the mathematical background of the considered NZEB strategy has been developed and presented. Then careful LabView software-based simulations prove that the adopted strategy is feasible for implementation. The result of the above mentioned research efforts is a set of powerful and versatile software toolkits well suitable to model and simulate complex heating, ventilation and air-conditioning processes and to perform energy balance performance evaluations. Besides the elaborated mathematical models, concrete software implementation examples and measurement data also is provided in the paper. Finally, the proposed original models offer a feasible solution for future developments and research in NZEB applications modelling and simulation purposes.

Probe into the Development and Strategies of Implementation for Intelligent Buildings in Taiwan

Since 1985, various intelligent technologies have introduced and policy-driven in Taiwan, the intelligent building system has gradually formed catering for the characteristics of Taiwan. Therefore, this study proceeds to explore current status and survey strategies of policy implementation for intelligent buildings development in Taiwan, and further obtained countermeasures for building developers and public sectors in implementation intelligent buildings. The study firstly proceeds to relevant literature review and analysis of intelligent buildings both domestic and foreign, and through statistic and analysis in case studies and content analysis method, acquires Taiwan intelligent building evaluation indicator items for normal and non-normal application of intelligent building system by building developers and public sectors. Through study found four evaluation indicator items of normal application, and one evaluation indicator items of non-normal application, as well as building developers selected quantity and items of evaluation indicator fewer than public sectors. It is expected that study result will providing assessment and references to building developers and public sectors for the direction and implement strategy of intelligent building development in future, and further promote the realization goal of sustainable intelligent green building in Taiwan.