Human Development Research Articles

Pelatihan Pengembangan SDM Untuk Optimalisasi Teknologi pada Desa Seri Bandung (Studi Kasus Emping Ubi Umak)

Human resource development for optimizing technology in Emping Ubi Umak micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM) focuses on efforts to improve the skills and performance of the workforce. The goal is to achieve optimal results in business or enterprise activities. The skills in question include technical, managerial, and soft skills such as communication and teamwork. By improving the right skills, employees will be able to work more efficiently and effectively and be able to adapt to market and technological developments. Therefore, to support the smooth running of the regional economy in developing Emping Ubi Umak UMKM from those not well-known or not widely known to consumers, this Emping Ubi Umak UMKM digitalization program can be a solution. The forms of Emping Ubi Umak UMKM currently developing in Seri Bandung Village are liquid fertilizer, basket/kendang collective gardens, shallot cultivation, cow dung biogas, collective gardens, and many more, especially in the food sector. By having more than 20 UMKM players, Seri Bandung Village has advanced economic potential by digitalizing UMKM.

Organoids in Haematologic Research: Advances and Future Directions

ABSTRACTOrganoid technology, as a revolutionary biomedical tool, has shown immense potential in haematological research in recent years. By using three‐dimensional (3D) cell culture systems constructed from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) or adult stem cells (ASCs), organoids can highly mimic the characteristics of in vivo organs, thereby offering significant potential for investigating human organ development, disease processes and treatment strategies. This review introduces the development of organoids and focuses on their progress in haematological research, including haematopoietic‐related organoids, immune‐related organoids and organoids used for studying blood system diseases. It discusses the prospects, challenges and future outlook of organoids in the field of haematology. This review aims to provide the latest advancements and future directions of organoid technology in haematological research, offering references and insights into further exploration in this field.

Complexity Growth Patterns in the Stelliferous Era of Big History

A previous study compared the symmetries of the cooling after the Big Bang and the development of life, humans, and civilization on Earth. A simple model of the relative rates of change depicts two cones joined at their bases representing the Big Bang expansion and the acceleration of complexity development on earth through life evolution, human evolution, and civilization development. This indicates points of rapid change at both ends corresponding to at the Big Bang and our current technological and demographic change. However, this depiction oversimplifies complexity growth, specifically at where the transitions from the Universe’s decelerating physical complexity development and Earths accelerating complex adaptive systems. This transition is important in both organization and energy flow. In this paper, the build-up of potential variety in elements and chemicals to later build planets and life is the focus. These are mostly derived from stellar formation through the conversion of gravitational and nuclear potential energy into elements through nuclear fusion. Other’s models have been employed to explore the dynamics of this buildup from the first Population I stars, which were large and short-lived, through the Population II stars of galactic spherical bulges and haloes, to the formation of smaller, long-lived stars with a high amount of non-Hydrogen and Helium atoms, called “metals”. The rates of these dynamics during the transition from cosmic development to terrestrial evolution on Earth are explored here.

Spatial Heterogeneity and Subtypes of Functional Connectivity Development in Youth.

The brain functional connectome development is fundamental to neurocognitive growth in youth. While brain age prediction has been widely used to assess connectome development at the individual level, traditional approaches providing a global index overlook the spatial variability and inter-individual heterogeneity of functional connectivity (FC) development across the cortex. In this study, we introduced a regional brain development index to assess spatially fine-grained FC development. We examined the spatial variability of FC development and stratified individuals into subtypes with distinct patterns of spatial heterogeneity in region-wise FC development across the cortex through clustering. An evaluation conducted on a sample of youths aged 8-23 years using fMRI data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) revealed three distinct FC development subtypes. Individuals with advanced FC development aligned with the hierarchical brain organization along the sensorimotor-association (S-A) axis demonstrated superior cognitive performance compared to those with other patterns. These patterns were replicated in the Human Connectome Project Development (HCP-D) cohort, confirming their robustness. Further analysis revealed associations between FC development and gene expression, with enriched genes linked to neural differentiation, synaptogenesis, and myelination. These findings suggest that spatial heterogeneity in FC development reflects underlying cortical microstructure and hierarchical cortical organization, underscoring its critical role in understanding neurocognitive maturation and individual variability during youth.

International and national non-governmental organizations in the field of protection of human rights defenders

The article is devoted to highlighting the activities of international and national non-governmental organizations for the protection of human rights defenders; defining their place and role in the existing international and national human rights systems. Attention is focused on the activities of such non- governmental human rights organizations as: International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT), Observatory For Defenders, Amnesty International, Front Line Defenders (FLD), Women Human Rights Defenders International Coalition (WHRDIC), etc. It is noted that there is a significant trend towards an increase in the number of non-governmental organisations on the African continent in response to numerous violations of the rights of human rights defenders. These organisations include: Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (IHRDA), West African Human Rights Defenders Network (WAHRDN), AfricanDefenders (Pan-African Human Rights Defenders Network), Network of Human Rights Defenders in Central Africa (REDHAC), Network of African National Human Rights Institutions (NANHRI), DefendDefenders (East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project (EHAHRDP)), SouthernDefenders (Southern Africa Human Rights Defenders Network (SAHRDN)). It is concluded that the importance and activities of international and national non-governmental organizations are that they are, first of all, an integral part of the international universal and regional mechanisms for the protection of human rights, since human rights defenders are guaranteed the rights provided for in international human rights instruments, and therefore, in case of their violation, they have the right to apply to the supervisory bodies of these treaties (the Human Rights Committee, the European Court of Human Rights, the Committee against Torture, etc.; secondly, the above mentioned organizations contribute to the protection of the rights and freedoms of human rights defenders, taking into account the specifics of the region and national legislation; focus on respecting gender equality; make significant efforts to improve the existing legal framework for the protection of human rights defenders, expand the rights of this category of persons, taking into account the changing situation in the world with human rights and modern challenges.

Tinjauan Literatur tentang Filsafat Pendidikan Islam: Relevansi dan Implementasi di Era Modern

Islamic educational philosophy is a conceptual framework that focuses on the intellectual, moral, and spiritual development of humans. In the modern era, characterized by the challenges of globalization and secularization, Islamic educational philosophy offers a holistic approach to shaping Muslim individuals with integrity. This study aims to explore the core principles of Islamic educational philosophy, including tauhid (monotheism), moral education (akhlak), and the comprehensiveness (syumuliyah) of Islam, while identifying the relevance and challenges of its implementation in the modern era. The research employs a literature review method with descriptive analysis of relevant journals and academic articles. The findings show that while the principles of Islamic education remain relevant, challenges such as cultural penetration and technological advancements require innovation in curriculum approaches and the prudent use of technology. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating Islamic values into modern education to shape an adaptive Muslim generation without losing its Islamic identity. This research is expected to serve as a guide for educators in addressing the dynamics of global education.

Talent Management Effectiveness in Vietnamese State-Owned Banks

In the constantly changing digital context, state-owned commercial banks have implemented positive changes in their human resource development strategies. To meet the government's objectives for human resource development in the banking field, it is crucial to explore current talent management practices and assess their effectiveness in this industry. This study addresses the identified gap based on the objectives of reviewing the talent management practices employed by Vietnamese banks and evaluating the effectiveness of these activities. This research employed qualitative method as well as quantitative method to serve the research objectives. Twenty semi-structured indepth interviews with middle-level managers from different banks were conducted. Furthermore, 300 quantitative questionnaires containing measurement scales were sent to managers and staff at the banks to assess the efficiency of talent attraction, engagement, development, and retention. Findings reveal that state-owned commercial banks have developed an increasing level of commitment to talent management activities with obtained tangible results. However, there are still downsides related to talent training, engagement, and the measurement of talent management effectiveness for different reasons.

Introducing Math Concepts At An Early Age: Collaborative Stimulation

Purpose of the study: Early childhood education is considered very strategic in human development. This is because early childhood education provides a foothold in further education. Including in mathematics education which is needed from an early age. This article aims to describe the benefits of local wisdom around children's environment in introducing math concepts through collaboration during a pandemic. Methodology: This research uses a child collaborative approach through descriptive analysis in two institutions with data collection methods of interviews, questionnaires, and observations. Main Findings: The results showed that the role of communication is very important between children, parents, and teachers in collaborating to stimulate the formation of mathematics through local wisdom. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research recommends that introducing math is done with real activities, encouraging children to stimulate the habit of collaboration in improving children's life skills.

The Future of AI-Driven Software Engineering

A paradigm shift is underway in Software Engineering, with AI systems such as LLMs playing an increasingly important role in boosting software development productivity. This trend is anticipated to persist. In the next years, we expect a growing symbiotic partnership between human software developers and AI. The Software Engineering research community cannot afford to overlook this trend; we must address the key research challenges posed by the integration of AI into the software development process. In this paper, we present our vision of the future of software development in an AI-driven world and explore the key challenges that our research community should address to realize this vision.

A Holistic Maturity Model for Quality Assessment and Innovation in Peruvian Universities

This study proposes a holistic maturity model to evaluate and optimize the performance of Peruvian universities. It addresses key dimensions such as favorable governance, university talent (including students, faculty, and administrators), substantial resources, and results. It is based on the Design Science Research methodology and the Mettler framework. On the other hand, the Delphi method was selected for its ability to consolidate expert opinion. Aiken’s V coefficient was used to determine content validity, evaluating criteria such as clarity, relevance, and coherence, to ensure the reliability of the instrument. This model defines concrete practices for each maturity level, facilitating the progressive implementation of improvements in different university contexts. It contributes to Education 4.0 through the IT strategic alignment practices of the enabling governance dimension, promoting the implementation of personalized teaching methods and hybrid learning models. Regarding the Society 5.0 approach, the model prioritizes social impact and environmental sustainability through university social responsibility, ensuring that universities contribute to human and technological development. Finally, this proposal will support decision making in university management and educational policies in Peru and in international contexts.

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in Human-Robot Interaction to Develop Intuitive and Adaptive Systems for Enhanced Collaboration and Task Execution

AI is one of the foremost imperative variables characterizing human-robot interaction (HRI). It does this by making frameworks that are basic and versatile, which makes it simpler for people and robots to work together and total assignments. Robots can see, think, and act in changing environment by utilizing AI programs, which gives them considering aptitudes comparable to people. This combination of AI and robots makes it simpler for individuals to conversation to each other and work together, which leads to more proficient and compelling collaboration. Brilliantly apparatuses that make things simpler for individuals to utilize with robots are a vital portion of utilizing AI in HRI. Robots can get it and answer to human orders and developments much obliged to Characteristic Dialect Preparing (NLP) and computer vision strategies. This makes discussion simpler and more normal. This basic interface makes contact less demanding for everybody, so individuals can effortlessly work with robots indeed on the off chance that they haven't had any preparing. Moreover, AI-driven frameworks let robots alter their behavior and tastes to coordinate those of people, which makes working together simpler. Machine Learning systems permit robots to memorize from experiences with people and alter how they act based on what they've learned. For case, when individuals work together on a task, a robot can learn from their activities and report the most excellent ways to assist individuals, which progresses the common performance and speed of the errand. AI too makes it simpler to make frameworks that are mindful of their environment and can alter how they act based on clues from their environment and the circumstance. Robots can get it and see their environment by utilizing sensors and discernment programs together. This lets them make savvy choices and alter how they act based on those choices. This understanding of its environment makes it less demanding for the robot to work with individuals in a assortment of settings.

Strategic Management of Madrasas in Improving Accreditation of Guppi Nurul Jadid Mts in Sumber Sari Village, Tungkal Jaya Sub-District, Musi Banyuasin District

This study is based on the accreditation of madrasahs which are still C in the last two accreditation assessments. Strategic management is an approach that can provide an effective framework for achieving educational goals and improving madrasah accreditation. The researcher raised the planning, implementation, evaluation, and strategic management can improve accreditation at MTs Guppi Nurul Jadid. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach through case studies. Data sources consist of primary and secondary. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and data validity. The results of the study indicate that the strategic planning process for improving accreditation at MTs Guppi Nurul Jadid includes developing a vision and mission, identifying external opportunities and threats of an organization, and designing strategies to achieve goals to improve accreditation. The implementation of strategic management in improving the accreditation of MTs Guppi Nurul Jadid includes activities to determine madrasah policies, provide motivation by the head of the madrasah, allocate existing resources, and develop a culture that will support the implementation of the strategy. The strategic management evaluation process in improving accreditation includes monitoring activities for educators, education staff, and students and supervising institutional programs. Strategic management can improve madrasah accreditation at MTs Guppi Nurul Jadid through cooperation with all stakeholders and the community, periodic monitoring and evaluation, and human resource development. Keywords: Management, Strategic, Accreditation Improvement, Madrasah

Trophectoderm Biopsy: Present State of the Art

Trophectoderm (TE) biopsy is at present the most widely used procedure for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). At the blastocyst stage, more TE cells (five to seven) can be obtained for genetic analysis. While removing TE cells and not touching the inner cell mass (ICM), the procedure is less invasive. Due to a natural selection happening between day 3 and day 5, 6 or 7 of human embryo development, fewer embryos will have to be biopsied and tested. An additional benefit, especially in view of aneuploidy testing (PGT-A), is the lower level of mosaicism present at the blastocyst stage. The biopsy procedure involves two steps: laser-assisted zona pellucida (ZP) opening and the excision of five to eight TE cells from the blastocyst with or without additional laser energy. Different protocols have emerged over time with variations regarding the technique, the exact moment of ZP opening, and the method of cell removal. The ‘pulling’ method involves laser excision, whereas the ‘flicking’ method represents a mechanical approach with or without laser assistance. Embryo developmental speed reaching the full/expanded or hatching/hatched blastocyst stage dictates the timing of the procedure, mostly on day 5 post-insemination, and to a lesser extent on day 6 or even on day 7. The inclusion of lesser quality or delayed blastocysts may impact the quality of the TE sample as well as the clinical outcome. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is still the preferred method of fertilization for PGT-M (monogenic disorders) and PGT-SR (structural rearrangements). However, conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) seems feasible for PGT-A (aneuploidy testing). In the absence of a (conclusive) genetic result, the re-biopsy of cryopreserved blastocysts is possible, however, with reduced clinical outcomes. So far, neonatal outcome post-TE biopsy has so far been reassuringly documented.

Bono de Desarrollo Humano en el Bienestar Económico de los Beneficiarios de las Zonas Urbanas de Machala

This study examines the Human Development Bond and its impact on the well-being of beneficiaries in Machala, Ecuador, assessing its effectiveness in combating poverty and improving the quality of life of vulnerable families. The program, aimed at reducing social inequality and promoting economic inclusion, primarily targets female-led households. Employing a quantitative approach, the research was conducted through surveys of bond recipients, focusing on the program's operation and management.The results highlight Machala's complex socioeconomic context, characterized by high levels of poverty and economic dependence. Only 23% of respondents own their homes, reflecting the economic fragility of beneficiaries. Women constitute the majority of recipients, shedding light on both their empowerment and the structural inequalities they face. While the Human Development Bond provides temporary relief, the study reveals that it has fallen short of its goals to significantly reduce poverty and improve long-term well-being. These findings underscore the need for reforms and complementary strategies to address the structural roots of poverty and enhance the program's future impact.

16q24.3 Microdeletions Disrupting Upstream Non-Coding Region of ANKRD11 Cause KBG Syndrome

Background: KBG syndrome is a multisystem developmental disorder characterized by macrodontia of the upper permanent incisors, distinctive facial features, a short stature, developmental delay, variable intellectual disability, and behavioral issues. Heterozygous chromosomal deletion encompassing the partial or entire ANKRD11 gene, as well as the loss of function mutations, result in haploinsufficiency of the gene, leading to KBG syndrome. This indicates that precise levels of ANKRD11 transcripts or protein are essential for human development. Clinical report: Here, we report three individuals who present with clinical features of KBG syndrome. These individuals carry microdeletions encompassing only the non-coding exon 1 of ANKRD11 and its upstream region. Our molecular analysis showed that this deletion leads to reduction in the ANKRD11 transcript and global transcriptome alterations similar to those seen in KBG syndrome patients. Conclusions: We concluded that microdeletions involving non-coding exon 1 of ANKRD11 lead to KBG syndrome. Our study suggests the utility of transcriptome analysis in aiding the interpretation of novel copy number variants in the non-coding genomic region of ANKRD11.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in the Northeast Region of Brazil

Objective: To estimate the positivity rate and the factors associated with the occurrence of soil-transmitted helminth infections in the Northeast region of Brazil to guide control measures. Theoretical Framework: Soil-transmitted helminth infections represent a significant burden on Brazilian public health and are associated with socioeconomic factors. Method: This ecological study, descriptive and explanatory in nature, analyzed data from 2017 to 2021 from the Information System of the Schistosomiasis Surveillance and Control Program (SISPCE), which also records data on soil-transmitted helminth infections. The data were collected through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and the Human Development Atlas of Brazil. Descriptive analyses of dependent variables were performed, as well as correlation analysis using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) to examine relationships between positivity rates for soil-transmitted helminth infections and socioeconomic and demographic indicators. Results and Discussion: The positivity rates for ascariasis, hookworm infection, and trichuriasis were 4.8% (N=113,748), 3.8% (N=88,678), and 1.5% (N=35,456), respectively. A strong correlation was observed between the number of soil-transmitted helminth cases and factors such as access to piped water, per capita income, and illiteracy rates. Research Implications: The findings highlight the need for a broad approach to controlling soil-transmitted helminths, emphasizing poverty reduction, housing improvements, and health education. Originality/Value: This study underscores the necessity of integrated actions in sanitation, education, and poverty alleviation, while revealing an unexpected correlation between income inequality and soil-transmitted helminth cases.

Until We All Attain the Mature Man: Mapping the Metaphors for Maturity in Ephesians Within Paul’s Greco-Roman Context

One of the central metaphorical themes of Ephesians is maturity, expressed most memorably in 4:13. In this verse, the goal of the church is portrayed as the attainment of the “mature man” (εἰς ἄνδρα τέλειον), the state of completion to which Christ’s corporate body is growing until it reaches “the measure of the stature of the fullness” of its head. Despite the clear origin of Paul’s metaphor in the realm of human development, minimal discussion has centered on how Paul’s contemporaries employed the phrase “mature man” (τέλειος ἀνήρ) in relation to other developmental milestones along the commonly conceived life course in Greco-Roman antiquity, and what implications this might have for understanding where in the maturation process Paul would have plotted his implied readers. This investigation explores these contextual matters and then uses the results to cast light on related developmental imagery in the surrounding passages of Ephesians, including not only the human growth terminology in 4:12–16 but also the pedagogical rhetoric in 4:20–21, the allusion to the Roman toga virilis ceremony in 4:22–24, and the military analogy in 6:10–18. Collectively, this metaphorical imagery helps to identify the church’s current stature as that befitting of a young man who has recently come of age and located within the liminal phase of early male adulthood. Explicating the fullness of the maturity metaphor in Ephesians helps to illuminate the thematic coherency of the letter as well as how Paul sought to make his realized eschatology intelligible to his ancient readers.

Effects of socioeconomic and human-modified landscape variables on medicinal species richness at a macroscale: the case of the Caatinga, Brazil

BackgroundEthnobiological studies at local scales have shown that knowledge of medicinal species tends to decrease as socioeconomic status and the extent of human-modified landscapes increase. However, it remains largely unknown whether these same factors can predict knowledge of useful species at broader scales and whether their interaction might create scenarios that enhance knowledge of medicinal species.MethodsTo address this, we tested whether knowledge of woody medicinal species—measured as the number of species known—is influenced by socioeconomic status, human-modified landscapes, and their interaction. We compiled and curated data on woody medicinal species from a systematic review encompassing diverse communities across the Caatinga region in North-east Brazil. Using the locations of these communities, we extracted data on socioeconomic status (measured by the Human Development Index, HDI) and human-modified landscapes (quantified as the percentage of forest loss).ResultsOur results indicate that forest loss reduces the knowledge of medicinal woody species among Indigenous People and Local Communities. The interaction between human-modified landscapes and socioeconomic status revealed a significant nonlinear relationship, with different combinations yielding varying levels of knowledge about woody medicinal species. Interestingly, socioeconomic status alone does not appear to influence this knowledge. These findings underscore that the processes shaping knowledge of medicinal species differ across scales and suggest the existence of yet unidentified emergent properties that influence medicinal species knowledge at broader scales.ConclusionThe conversion of habitats for anthropogenic use poses a significant risk to the well-being of these populations, as it reduces the availability of species used for prophylactic purposes. In contrast, the cultural traditions of Indigenous People and Local Communities, along with the implementation of regional public policies, may explain why socioeconomic status does not affect local knowledge. Moreover, our study highlights that the processes influencing knowledge of medicinal species at broader scales are not simply the aggregation of local-scale observations. Finally, we propose strategies to advance the field of macroethnobiology.

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP IN INDIA

Energy is a vital component of human development and is important for developing nations like India. In order to maintain the sustainability of the environment and guarantee the energy supply, global economic growth strategies are being reorganized with energy security and environmental sustainability as key priorities. An analysis of the relationship between India's economic growth and power consumption for the years 1960–2006 has been carried out using the Granger Engel causality model. The test's findings suggest that using electricity encourages economic growth. Over the past 20 years, there have been major institutional changes in the Indian power sector. With the support of ongoing governmental initiatives, the Indian electrical industry is poised for a significant transformation. Consequently, the study makes the case for additional power sector reforms and demonstrates how energy may act as a catalyst to accomplish a variety of social and economic goals.

Hybrid Automated Program Repair by Combining Large Language Models and Program Analysis

Automated Program Repair (APR) has garnered significant attention due to its potential to streamline the bug repair process for human developers. Recently, LLM-based APR methods have shown promise in repairing real-world bugs. However, existing APR methods often utilize patches generated by LLMs without further optimization, resulting in reduced effectiveness due to the lack of program-specific knowledge. Furthermore, the evaluations of these APR methods have typically been conducted under the assumption of perfect fault localization, which may not accurately reflect their real-world effectiveness. To address these limitations, this paper introduces an innovative APR approach called GiantRepair . Our approach leverages the insight that LLM-generated patches, although not necessarily correct, offer valuable guidance for the patch generation process. Based on this insight, GiantRepair first constructs patch skeletons from LLM-generated patches to confine the patch space, and then generates high-quality patches tailored to specific programs through context-aware patch generation by instantiating the skeletons. To evaluate the performance of our approach, we conduct two large-scale experiments. The results demonstrate that GiantRepair not only effectively repairs more bugs (an average of 27.78% on Defects4J v1.2 and 23.40% on Defects4J v2.0) than using LLM-generated patches directly, but also outperforms state-of-the-art APR methods by repairing at least 42 and 7 more bugs under perfect and automated fault localization scenarios, respectively.