Development Of Human Society Research Articles

Research on Identifying Robot Collision Points in Human–Robot Collaboration Based on Force Method Principle Solving

After years of more rigid and conventional production processes, the traditional manufacturing industry has been moving toward flexible manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing in recent years. After more than half a century of development, robotics has penetrated into all aspects of human production and life, bringing significant changes to the development of human society. At the same time, the key technology of human–machine cooperative operation has become a research hotspot, and how to realize a human–machine integrated safety system has attracted attention. Human–machine integration means that humans and robots can work in the same natural space, coordinating closely and interacting naturally. To realize real human–robot integration under human–robot cooperative operation, the good judgment of intentional interaction and accidental collision and the detection of collision joints and collision points when accidental collision occurs are the key points. In this paper, we propose a method to identify the collision joints by detecting real-time current changes in each joint of the robot and solve the collision point location information of the collision joints through the principle of virtual displacement and the principle of force method using the force sensor data installed at the base of the robot as the known condition. The results show that the proposed method of identifying the collision joints using changes in joint current and then establishing a collision detection algorithm to solve the collision point location is correct and reliable.

A Distributed Intelligent Lighting Control System Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

With the rapid development of human society, people’s requirements for lighting are also increasing. The amount of energy consumed by lighting systems in buildings is increasing, but most current lighting systems are inefficient and provide insufficient light comfort. Therefore, this paper proposes an intelligent lighting control system based on a distributed architecture, incorporating a dynamic shading system for adjusting the interior lighting environment. The system comprises two subsystems: lighting and shading. The shading subsystem utilizes fuzzy control logic to control lighting based on the room’s temperature and illumination, thereby achieving rapid control with fewer calculations. The lighting subsystem employs a Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm to optimize the luminaire dimming problem based on room illuminance in order to maximize user convenience while achieving uniform illumination. This paper also includes the construction of a prototype box on which the system is evaluated in two distinct circumstances. The results of the tests demonstrate that the system functions properly, has stability and real-time performance, and can adapt to complex and variable outdoor environments. The maximum relative error between actual and expected illuminance is less than 10%, and the average relative error is less than 5% when achieving uniform illuminance.

Multi-scenario dynamic prediction of ecological risk assessment in an arid area of northwest China

Ecological security is essential for the development of environmental health and human society. However, the driving mechanisms and spatial non-stationarity of ecological risks are still unknown, particularly in arid areas. Thus, this study constructed an ecological risk index (ERI) research framework in arid areas based on land use and socio-economic data from 1980 to 2020 to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution trend, driving mechanisms, and spatial non-stationarity of ecological risk and predict the ecological risk under business-as-usual, economic development, and ecological protection scenarios using a patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model. The results show that: (1) cropland and build-up land were expanding, whereas forestland and grassland water bodies were shrinking. Compared with the two development stages from 1980 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2020, cropland increased by 4.73% and 51.52%, respectively, whereas build-up land increased by 12.64% and 106.52%, respectively, indicating rapid development and drastic changes in the past 20 years. (2) With the change in landscape diversity, the regional ecological risks showed an increasing trend, whereas the future ecological risks showed an increasing trend because of the cumulative effect of landscape pattern changes caused by human activities. (3) Moreover, dramatic changes in ecological risk, particularly in areas of intense human activity in build-up land, agricultural land, artificial oases, and mountainous areas. Corresponding to the analysis of driving mechanisms, population, GDP, distance to government, water, and primary roads; have a significant effect on ecological risk, whereas DEM has direct and indirect effect paths. Ultimately, the proposed analysis framework can present the spatiotemporal changes of ecological risks and their influencing mechanisms, which can help develop sustainable development policies.

Microencapsulated waste cooking oil derivatives for building thermoregulation

The utilization of waste resources and the intelligence of building materials are of great significance to the sustainable development of human society. A novel type of microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) with a phase change heat storage capability was prepared in this paper through the suspension polymerization method using methyl palmitate (MP) derived from waste cooking oil as core materials. Meanwhile, the response of foamed concrete containing MPCM to ambient temperature change was investigated. According to the experimental findings, the MPCM's phase change temperature, phase change enthalpy, and decomposition temperature are respectively 20 °C, 68 J/g, and 215 °C, which is extremely suitable for the external walls of buildings to adjust the indoor temperature. Moreover, the particle size of the MPCM is about 100 μm-220 μm, which can fill part of the voids in foam concrete to increase its strength. Additionally, the infrared thermal imaging experiment indicates that the foam concrete containing 10 wt% MPCM can maintain 4 °C-5 °C gap with the ambient temperature, which demonstrates that the MPCM can significantly mitigate the impact of ambient temperature on buildings. The findings of the study contribute to the intellectualization of building materials and the recycling of waste resources.

Analysis of the Development of Computer Science and its Future Trend

Computer science is one of the most influential innovations of the last century, including data structures, computer and network design, modeling data and information processes, and artificial intelligence. With the development of computer science, more and more people begin to pay attention to the importance of computers. This paper tells the history of computer science, and introduces some frontier technology of computer science. Computers have greatly improved people's work and lifestyle, developed modern society, and become an indispensable part of people's lives. Computers have entered the era of artificial intelligence, which has a major impact on the development of human society.

Inventorying and decomposing decades of overall nitrogen emissions in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration, China

The increase in nitrogen emissions has intensified environmental pollution, posing a serious threat to the sustainable development of human society. Nitrogen emissions originate from multiple sectors and products, generating various nitrogen species. However, existing studies have mostly focused on these nitrogen species individually, lacking a comprehensive analysis and interpretation. Here, we have integrated six different nitrogen species into a comprehensive indicator, namely overall nitrogen emissions. This study constructs a comprehensive emission inventory for 24 different products in 9 cities in the Pearl River Delta region of China from 2012 to 2021. Additionally, we use the index decomposition analysis (e.g., the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index, LMDI) to analyze the main socioeconomic driving factors of overall nitrogen emissions in the Pearl River Delta over the decade (e.g., emission intensity, population, and affluence). We observed that Guangzhou has had the highest overall nitrogen emissions, reaching 4.24 Tg N, accounting for 27.64% over the past decade. Furthermore, overall nitrogen emissions in the Pearl River Delta have increased by 30.11%, from 1342.19 Gg N year−1 in 2012 to 1746.37 Gg N year−1 in 2021. Energy products are the primary contributing source to overall nitrogen emissions, followed by industrial and fertilizer products. Moreover, decomposition analysis results indicate that emission intensity is the main factor driving overall nitrogen emission reduction in the Pearl River Delta over the decade. However, affluence and population show a positive correlation with overall nitrogen emissions, offsetting the nitrogen reduction effect of emission intensity. Over time, the nitrogen reduction effect of emission intensity will gradually weaken, while the nitrogen increase effect of affluence and population will gradually strengthen. Our study highlights the importance of continued efforts to reduce emission intensity, while also transitioning towards non-nitrogen-intensive sectors or products in future economic development, thereby decoupling overall nitrogen emissions from affluence and population.

Multifunctional trade-off/synergy relationship of cultivated land in Guangdong: A long time series analysis from 2010 to 2030

With the development of human society, the cultivated land resources' utilization has become more diversified, and the multifunction of cultivated land is critical to meet the human demand. However, the studies on the multifunction of cultivated land are mostly based on the data of single time node or discontinuous years, which the results may be influenced by abnormal function years. To assess the multifunction of cultivated land and its trade-off/synergy relationships accurately and objectively, this study uses continuous long time series data to analyze multifunctionality of cultivated land. Firstly, the Long short-term memory (LSTM) method was applied to predict the data of 2021–2030 based on the data from 2010 to 2020. Then, the Theil-Sen Median method was used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution trends of the multifunction of cultivated land from 2010 to 2030. Secondly, based on the trends, the long time series cultivated land function trade-off/synergy degree (LCFTD) was constructed to explore the stable trade-off/synergy relationships among functions. Finally, the cultivated land resources were divided into zones based on the spectral clustering. This study analyzed the multifunction of cultivated land in Guangdong from 2010 to 2030. (1) The multifunction of cultivated land had spatially heterogeneous and temporally fluctuating. (2) The production-ecological, ecological-life, and production-life functions were all dominated by synergy during 2010–2020. Without changing the current utilization state of cultivated land resource, the trade-off among functions will increase in the future (2021–2030). (3) The cultivated land was divided into five type zones: stable development, production core, ecological conservation, comprehensive lifting, and fallow renewal. The LCFTD can better avoid the influence of abnormal function years, and the long time series data can also predict the future development trend reliably. This study idea can help to formulate long time cultivated land management policies and achieve the goal of sustainable development of cultivated land resources.

Low-Carbon City Building and Green Development: New Evidence from Quasi Natural Experiments from 277 Cities in China

As a high-quality and sustainable growth model, green development has different economic, ecological, and social dimensions and is strategically important for the realization of modern city construction and the sustainable development of human society. The low-carbon city pilot policy (LCCP) is an innovative initiative for promoting green urban development and building a harmonious society in China. Based on balanced panel data from 277 prefecture-level cities from 2007 to 2020, this paper measures the level of urban green development in terms of three dimensions: green economic growth, ecological welfare enhancement, and social welfare increase. This paper also adopts a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) method for investigating the impact of LCCP on green development with the panel dataset. The results of the study show that: (1) LCCP is generally beneficial to urban green development, and the results still hold after a series of robustness check analyses. (2) The results of the mechanism analysis show that the construction of low-carbon cities has improved the level of green technology innovation, thereby promoting the level of regional green development. Environmental regulation has a masking effect between low-carbon city construction and green development in this study. When environmental regulation is controlled for, the coefficient of the effect of LCCP on green development increases, reflecting that environmental regulation also plays an important role between the two. (3) According to the geographical location, whether it is a resource-based city, and the city cluster, we found that the low-carbon city pilot policy has a significant positive role in promoting green development in the central region, non-resource-based cities, and the Jing-Jin-Ji, but not in the eastern region, the western region, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. We also found that in resource-based cities, this effect presents a significant negative relationship. The above findings enrich the literature on low-carbon city pilot policies and green development and provide Empirical evidence for relevant countries and regions to carry out low-carbon city pilots.

Photothermal Conversion of Hydrogel-Based Biomaterial.

Traditional energy from fossil fuels like petroleum and coal is limited and contributes to global environmental pollution and climate change. Developing sustainable and eco-friendly energy is crucial for addressing significant challenges such as climate change, energy dilemma and achieving the long-term development of human society. Biomass hydrogels, which are easily synthesized and modified, have diverse sources and can be designed for different applications. They are being extensively researched for their applications in artificial intelligence, flexible sensing, biomedicine, and food packaging. The article summarizes recent advances in the preparation and applications of biomass-based photothermal conversion hydrogels, discussing the light source, photothermal agents, matrix, and preparation methods in detail. It also explores the use of these hydrogels in seawater desalination, photothermal therapy, antibacterial agents, and light-activated materials, offering new ideas for developing sustainable, efficient, and advanced photothermal conversion biomass hydrogel materials. The article concludes with suggestions for future research, highlighting the challenges and prospects in this field and paving the way for developing of long-lasting, efficient energy materials.

Fire disaster management in South Africa: Look at statistics and impacts.

The existence of wildfires has been present since before humans, eventually, humans learned to control it. Today, fire is used for light, warmth, hunting, gathering, agriculture, energy, and so on. Fire has led to the evolution of flora and fauna of the world and the development of human society. Fire is both a natural and manmade disaster that causes a significant threat to life, property in residential, urban, rural areas, as well as industrial areas and the environment. Im-pacts of fire can be social, economic, and environmental, such as demolishing wildlife habitat, watershed and water supply damages, damage to property such as public recreation facilities, trails, campgrounds, and signs that affect tourists, destruction of timber, degraded air quality, and smoke-related illnesses. Fires when not controlled become disasters that should be addressed. This is done through disaster management, which can be summarized through the disaster management cycle that includes mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Disaster management of fire should be carried out in accordance with the Disaster Management Act, the Fire Brigade Service Act, the National Veld and Forest Fire Act, and the National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act. Fire in South Africa is a usual occurrence. The National Disaster Management Center recorded that in 2016/17, over 17,000 fires occurred, de-stroying almost 5,900 dwellings, resulting in the death of 142 people. Fires greatly affect informal settlements as well as other hazards that are poorly built and overcrowded, therefore are vulnerable.

Legal gaps as an anomaly of the legal system - consideration of the term and nature of legal gaps

With the development of human society, new social situations arise in which the law often needs to be revised, and, therefore, the need to regulate legal gaps arises. Another possibility is that the legislator is unskilled, that he used vague terms when standardizing certain relations, or that, for various reasons, he failed to standardize those relations. Thus, legal gaps arise in law, which need to be analyzed and filled, especially since the law is expected to regulate those relationships that enable and facilitate social functioning. Therefore, it is necessary to present a thorough theoretical approach to the problem of the existence of legal gaps from the point of view of legal theory. Particular attention should be paid to filling legal gaps; however, as this is not the subject of this paper, we will only emphasize the necessity of solving this issue.

A Review of Marine In Situ Sensors and Biosensors

The exploration of the ocean is essential for the exploitation of marine resources and the sustainable development of human society. In order to assess both the health and the resources of the marine environment, a variety of chemical and biological sampling is needed. Traditionally, marine samples are collected on site and transported to a laboratory for analysis. Analytical methods are often tedious, and it is difficult to know the in situ real-time status. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the development of in situ chemical and biological sensors for the typical compounds in the ocean, including methane, radon, ferrous ion, carbon dioxide, microorganisms, pollutants, nutrients and seafood. Different types of sensors for each compound are highlighted, such as novel electrochemical and optical sensors. Commercial status of different sensors is introduced, and performance of representative sensors is compared and discussed deeply. The advantages and disadvantages of each sensing technique are analyzed and evaluated in detail. Finally, future prospects and work directions are presented, such as the deployment of these in situ sensors on fixed and/or moving platforms, development of microfluidic sensors and exploration of new antifouling materials and methods. This paper could serve as a resource for developing more advanced in situ chemical sensors and biosensors for marine scientific research, as well as related practical applications for monitoring marine resource exploration and exploitation and for environmental protection.

The Marxist View of Science and Technology and China's Independent Innovation and Development

Science and technology have played an important role in the development of human society. Marx and Engels attached great importance to the development of science and technology, and had unique views on science and technology. Marxist view of science and technology has the scientific attribute of keeping pace with the times and seeking truth from facts. The Marxist view of science and technology points out that scientific progress is an important driving force for technological development, which provides important guidance for China to build an independent and innovative country. This paper expounds the formation and development of the Marxist view of science and technology, discusses its views on science and technology and social development, and then, under the guidance of the Marxist view of science and technology, points out the development and innovation of the Marxist view of science and technology in China at different stages in combination with the actual development of China. According to the scientific judgment of the Marxist view of science and technology, summing up the historical experience and lessons, this paper obtains the enlightenment of the Marxist view of science and technology on the development of China's independent innovation, and holds that China should continue to improve the scientific and technological innovation system and continuously strengthen the construction of infrastructure; focus on developing innovative human resources; create a good innovation atmosphere and build a new pattern of independent scientific and technological innovation and development.

CO2 Geological Storage and Utilization

With increasing greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities, climate change is affecting the survival and development of human society [...]

2D Antiferroelectric Hybrid Perovskite with a Large Breakdown Electric Field And Energy Storage Density

AbstractEnergy conversion and storage devices are highly desirable for the sustainable development of human society. Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have shown great potential in energy conversion devices including solar cells and photodetectors. However, its potential in energy storage has seldom been explored. Here the crystal structure and electrical properties of the 2D hybrid perovskite (benzylammonium)2PbBr4 (PVK‐Br) are investigated, and the consecutive ferroelectric‐I (FE1) to ferroelectric‐II (FE2) then to antiferroelectric (AFE) transitions that are driven by the orderly alignment of benzylamine and the distortion of [PbBr6] octahedra are found. Furthermore, accompanied by field‐induced AFE to FE transition near room temperature, a large energy storage density of ≈1.7 J cm−3 and a wide working temperature span of ≈70 K are obtained; both of which are among the best in hybrid AFEs. This good energy storage performance is attributed to the large polarization of ≈7.6 µC cm−2 and the high maximum electric field of over 1000 kV cm−1, which, as revealed by theoretical calculations, originate from the cooperative coupling between the [PbBr6] octahedral framework and the benzylamine molecules. The research clarifies the discrepancy in the phase transition character of PVK‐Br and shed light on developing high‐performance energy storage devices based on 2D hybrid perovskite.

Risk preferences and the low-carbon agricultural technology adoption: Evidence from rice production in China

Climate change which is mainly caused by carbon emissions is a global problem affecting the economic development and well-being of human society. Low-carbon agriculture is of particular significance in slowing down global warming and reaching the goal of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”. Therefore, taking straw incorporation as an example, this paper aims to investigate the impact of risk preferences on farmers’ low-carbon agricultural technology (LCAT) adoption. Based on a two-phase micro-survey data of 1 038 rice farmers in Jiangsu, Jiangxi, and Hunan provinces, this paper uses experimental economics methods to measure farmers’ risk aversion and loss aversion to obtain the real risk preferences information of the farmers. We also explore the data to examine the actual LCAT adoption behavior of farmers. The results revealed that both risk aversion and loss aversion significantly inhibit farmers’ LCAT adoption: more risk-averse or more loss-averse farmers are less likely to adopt LCAT. It is further found that crop insurance, farm scale and governmental regulations can alleviate the negative impact of risk aversion and loss aversion on farmers’ LCAT adoption. Therefore, we propose that local governments need to promote low-carbon agricultural development by propagating the benefits of LCAT, extending crop insurance, promoting appropriate scale operations, and strengthening governmental regulations to promote farmers’ LCAT adoption.

Variables and Constants in Literature: A Discussion of “Extrinsic Research” and “Intrinsic Research”

The variables and constants in literature are as difficult to separate and understand as the intricacies of quantum physics. This is the basic mode of literary existence and also an important precondition for the longevity of literary classics. However, since the late 19th century, literary currents have been turbulent, and wave upon wave of critical theory has evinced a discord between “the intrinsic and the extrinsic,” even amounting to mutual exclusion, with the result that literary constants or common sense have been intentionally or unintentionally ignored. This is not only clear evidence of the accelerated development of human society, but also the result of the interaction of many complex factors. For this reason, a dialectical analysis of the relationship between variables and constants or “extrinsic research” and “intrinsic research” has long been a major issue not easily avoided.

Editorial: Multiphase flow in energy studies and applications—A special issue for MTCUE-2022

Establishing a clean, low-carbon, and efficient energy system is paramount for the sustainable development of industries and human society. Multiphase flows are encountered extensively in various energy applications, including transportation, conversion, and utilization of fossil, renewable, hydrogen, and nuclear energies. These flows encompass a wide range of phenomena, such as fluid flow, heat and mass transfer, combustion, and chemical reactions. However, multiphase flows are highly intricate due to the coexistence of multiple phases, states, and components, as well as the interactions among them that occur across diverse spatiotemporal scales. Consequently, both academia and industry face significant challenges in comprehending and harnessing multiphase flows. Thus, establishing connections between basic research and industrial applications in the field of multiphase flows is fundamental and indispensable for advancements in energy science and technologies.

Preparation and characterization of phase change capsules containing waste cooking oil for asphalt binder thermoregulation

The green utilization of waste is of great significance to the sustainable development of human society. In this work, a new kind of capsule with the phase change heat storage function was prepared using waxy components extracted from waste cooking oil (WCO) as core material for the thermoregulation of asphalt binder. The differences in waxy components before and after hydrolysis treatment were studied including functional groups, phase transition temperature, and phase transition enthalpy. Meanwhile, the surface morphology, thermodynamic properties, and mechanical properties of the phase change capsules (PCCs) were also characterized comprehensively. Additionally, the effect of PCCs on asphalt thermoregulation was also examined in the laboratory. The results indicate that the waxy components after hydrolysis treatment are more suitable for asphalt binder thermoregulation in terms of the phase transition temperature, phase transition enthalpy, and thermal stability. According to the results of differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric experiments, it can be calculated that the ratio of wall material and core material in PCCs is about 1:1, which endows the capsule with excellent heat storage properties (125 J/g), mechanical properties (>13 N), and thermal stability (>190 ℃). With the help of the temperature sensor, it is found that PCCs can delay the change rate of asphalt temperature with the environment by undergoing a phase transition to mitigate the damage of asphalt pavement in extremely hot climates. However, the performance of PCCs in asphalt mixtures still needs to be further explored. Overall, the findings of this research can further promote the green utilization of WCO and the functionalization of construction and building materials.

Emerging infectious diseases never end: The fight continues.

Emerging infectious diseases have accompanied the development of human society while causing great harm to humans, and SARS-CoV-2 was only one in the long list of microbial threats. Many viruses have existed in their natural reservoirs for a very long time, and the spillover of viruses from natural hosts to humans via interspecies transmission serves as the main source of emerging infectious diseases. Widely existing viruses capable of utilizing human receptors to infect human cells in animals signal the possible outbreak of another viral infection in the near future. Extensive and close collaborative surveillance across nations, more effective wildlife trade legislation, and robust investment into applied and basic research will help to combat the possible pandemics of new emerging infectious diseases in the future.