Development Of Gastrointestinal Function Research Articles

Gene expression and gastrointestinal function is altered in piglet small intestine by weaning and inclusion of Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a protein source

Abstract This study investigated the effect of feeding Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast on the development of gastrointestinal function and health in piglets during the first two challenging weeks after weaning. Changes in gastrointestinal function were mainly attributed to weaning, and not to dietary treatment. The post-weaning (PW) transcriptome profiles differed between dietary treatments showing an overall higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in control piglets than in yeast-fed piglets. DEGs in jejunum and ileum were compared between sampling timepoints within each feeding group and divided into clusters with similar expression trends. Pathway enrichment analysis was run on each cluster to reveal PW physiological changes. Weaning induced downregulation of several immune functions in the control piglets, which was not as evident in the yeast fed piglets. The results indicate that feeding C. jadinii yeast can improve PW gut homeostasis and give more robust piglets.

Early drip feeding on growth, development and gastrointestinal function of premature infants

Objective To study the influence of early drip feeding on growth,development and gastrointestinal function of premature infants.Methods A total of 48 cases of premature infants were randomly divided into two groups.Twenty-four cases with early drip feeding were included in study group and 24 cases with early nasogastric tube feeding in control group.Body weight,meconium excretion time,the time of beginning oral feeding,total enteral feeding,hospital stay time and gastrointestinal function were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the control group,body weight increased faster in study group (P＜0.01).However,completely meconium excretion time,the time of beginning oral feeding,the time of total enteral feeding,and hospital stay time were obviously shorter in study group than in control group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).With incidence of gastrointestinal disorders in study group and control group were 33％ and 60％,respectively.Conclusion Early drip feeding can promote weight gain,and shorten the time (including completely meconium excretion time,the time of beginning oral feeding,the time of total enteral feeding,and hospital stay time).It is conducive to the development of gastrointestinal function of premature infants Key words: Infant; Drip feeding; Growth, Development

Development of Gastrointestinal Function: Risk Factors for Necrotizing Enterocolitis

The intestinal tract of the fetus matures rapidly in the third trimester of the pregnancy. The premature infant has decreased intestinal motility, limited digestion, absorption and excretion, and poor intestinal barrier defense. These limitations place the infant at high risk for acute intestinal injury, necrotizing enterocolitis. This article reviews the development of the gastrointestinal tract in the fetus, the barriers to feeding the high risk, premature infant, and the most serious intestinal disease, necrotizing enterocolitis.

Gastrointestinal function and growth in premature infants: is non-nutritive sucking vital?

To determine the importance of non-nutritive sucking (NNS) in the development of gastrointestinal function and growth in premature infants. A systematic computerized search of MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index of Nursing in Allied Health Literature, Health, Best Evidence, and the Cochrane Library was performed. The search yielded eight randomized controlled studies relative to the outcomes of interest: sucking response, gastric emptying, weight gain, and time to discharge from hospital. Relevant articles were selected using published criteria for detecting clinically sound studies and evidence-based information. NNS reduces length of hospitalization; however, its effect on the other variables was inconclusive. There is a lack of agreement concerning the outcomes of interest, apart from the positive contribution of early hospital discharge. The studies were methodologically flawed, which compromised validity and estimation of the treatment effect. NNS cannot be currently recommended as a beneficial intervention.

Digestive system development in post-hatch poultry

The gastrointestinal tract of the newly hatched chick is in a process of development and maturation. In the chicks of domestic fowl and turkeys considerable evidence suggests that, from hatching, the rate of development of the gastrointestinal tract exceeds the rate of body weight gain both physically (relative weight) and morphologically (villus height and perimeter, and villus volume). Rapid development is especially evident in the duodenum, jejunum and pancreas. Once hatched, the time at which maximum specific activities of digestive enzymes has been observed in the pancreas and intestinal brush border vary somewhat, but most often it occurs at or shortly after hatch. Subsequently, specific activities of these enzymes frequently decrease with age. Nevertheless, total digestive enzyme activity tends to increase during the early post-hatch period because of the rapid increase in the weight of the pancreas and intestines. In some instances the increases in total enzyme activity may be too small to keep up with increases in feed intake. For example, a lag in lipase secretion in relation to feed intake may contribute to the relatively poor utilization of some dietary lipids during the first 10 days or so after hatch. Although research findings on digestion and nutrient utilization have varied, there are numerous indications that, in addition to certain lipids, the utilization of some carbohydrates and protein is less efficient during the first week or two after hatch than in older chickens and turkeys. Overall, these observations suggest that additional research is warranted to obtain more definitive information on the development of gastrointestinal function in young poultry.

Stable isotope breath tests.

There is a need for non-invasive tests of gastrointestinal and nutritional function. Clinical problems peculiar to infancy and childhood require prompt diagnosis, and methods that are invasive or involve the use of radioisotopes are often impractical or ethically unacceptable. What the pediatrician and clinical scientist seek are tests that are simple, repeatable, and unequivocal in their result for diagnosis, to assess the effects of treatment, and to measure the development of gastrointestinal function during early life. Stable isotope breath tests offer a ready and attractive answer to these needs. They involve the ingestion of substrates labeled with the non-radioactive isotope of carbon (13C), followed by the collection of serial breath samples for analysis of the enrichment of 13CO2, the end product of substrate metabolism. Their non-invasive nature recommends them for use in infancy and childhood, and they can be performed in the ward, clinic, laboratory, and home. In this article I discuss to what degree stable isotope breath tests fulfill the pediatrician's and scientist's needs. I have chosen two examples from the work of myself and my colleagues to illustrate the principles and use of 13C breath tests to detect Helicobacter pylori infection and to measure fat digestion in infancy and childhood.

Neonatal gut development and postnatal adaptation.

The balance between the multiple developing structures and their function probably determines whether a state of health can be achieved at a given gestational age. The diversity of possible influences explains the difficulties in clarifying the etiology of disease states such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Studies of fetal animals but also especially carefully conducted studies in human preterm babies will further advance our understanding of the normal development of small intestinal function and of the influence of external factors such as intercurring clinical problems and therapeutic interventions. It can be expected that using animal models and relatively non-invasive methods in a clinical situation our knowledge regarding the development of gastro-intestinal function will progress and the medical care of perterm infants, especially their nutritional support, will continue to improve.

Maturative effects of hormones on the developing mammalian gastrointestinal tract.

In the past two decades there has been considerable interest in the development of gastrointestinal functions, both in man and experimental animals (1‐3). A large body of data on the human fetus and infant is described in detail elsewhere (3, 4).

Development of gastrointestinal functions in the foal: what can we learn from studies on man and experimental animals?

Development of gastrointestinal functions in the foal: what can we learn from studies on man and experimental animals?