Gene expression and gastrointestinal function is altered in piglet small intestine by weaning and inclusion of Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a protein source

Ingrid Marie Håkenåsen,Ragnhild Ånestad,Margareth Øverland,Arvind Y.M Sundaram,Charles Mclean Press,Liv Torunn Mydland,Caroline Piercey Åkesson

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2020.104118

Abstract

Abstract This study investigated the effect of feeding Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast on the development of gastrointestinal function and health in piglets during the first two challenging weeks after weaning. Changes in gastrointestinal function were mainly attributed to weaning, and not to dietary treatment. The post-weaning (PW) transcriptome profiles differed between dietary treatments showing an overall higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in control piglets than in yeast-fed piglets. DEGs in jejunum and ileum were compared between sampling timepoints within each feeding group and divided into clusters with similar expression trends. Pathway enrichment analysis was run on each cluster to reveal PW physiological changes. Weaning induced downregulation of several immune functions in the control piglets, which was not as evident in the yeast fed piglets. The results indicate that feeding C. jadinii yeast can improve PW gut homeostasis and give more robust piglets.

Highlights

Weaning is a critical time for piglets because major changes occur, including abrupt transition in diet, maternal separation, change in en vironment, increased exposure to pathogens and dietary or environ mental antigens (Campbell, Crenshaw, & Polo, 2013; Lallès, Bosi, Smidt, & Stokes, 2007), stress associated with litter mixing and estab lishment of a social hierarchy
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high dietary inclusion of C. jadinii yeast on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) function and health devel opment during the two first weeks PW, as assessed by fecal score, ap parent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients, enzyme activity, gut mor phology, and gene expression profiles
We have investigated the development and maturation of gastrointestinal function and health in PW piglets fed two diets; a control diet or a diet with 14.6% inclusion of C. jadinii yeast

Summary

Introduction

Weaning is a critical time for piglets because major changes occur, including abrupt transition in diet, maternal separation, change in en vironment, increased exposure to pathogens and dietary or environ mental antigens (Campbell, Crenshaw, & Polo, 2013; Lallès, Bosi, Smidt, & Stokes, 2007), stress associated with litter mixing and estab lishment of a social hierarchy. High stress causes activation of physio logical mechanisms to maintain body homeostasis (Jayaraman & Nyachoti, 2017), and when combined with reduced energy intake, may result in disruption of normal epithelial, immune and enteric nervous system development (Moeser, Pohl, & Rajput, 2017). Wang et al (2008), compared jejunal gene ex pression in weaned piglets and age-matched suckling piglets and found a PW reduction in gene expression associated with oxidative defense capacity, intestinal transport and utilization of dietary nutrients, im mune response, synthesis of glycoproteins and proliferation and dif ferentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, whereas water permeation across the intestinal wall was enhanced. The adverse intestinal mor phological and functional change PW is attributed to low feed intake, which causes limited energy supply to the gut epithelium (Dong & Pluske, 2007; Jayaraman & Nyachoti, 2017).

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