Development Of Electric Power Industry Research Articles

The new situation and optimization strategy of China's power grid management system

The system mechanism of power grid management is an important institutional basis to support the development of electric power industry, and has always been an important controversial issue in China's electric power system reform. Based on the current situation of China's power grid management system, this paper analyzes the new situation, analyzes the main problems, and finally, based on the background of new power system construction, systematically puts forward the overall thinking and specific strategies of China's power grid management system optimization.

COMPREHENSIVE CONDITION ANALYSIS AND PERSPECTIVES OF ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE ACCORDING TO THE SMART GRID CONCEPT

The article examines development trends of the energy complex of Ukraine, possibility and prospects of creating a modern energy complex through the use of an innovative technical base for energy management in accordance with the Smart Grid concept. The general properties of Smart Grid technology and its main advantages are given by authors. It is shown that within the framework of the Smart Grid concept, the intelligent electric power system is considered as a single network of information and control systems. The process of electric power industry modernization in the direction of the creation of "smart" power supply networks in a number of European countries, which aims to ensure stable development, economic growth, growth of living standards and protection of the natural environment, is considered. The paper describes modernization methods of the electric power complex of Ukraine based on foreign experience. It is shown that from the point of view of energy security and sustainable development, Smart Grid is able to ensure the operation of the power grid even in case of damage or destruction of one segment, which is a key advantage during post-war reconstruction. They will also make it possible to effectively integrate renewable generation and energy storage systems into the grid, as well as provide auxiliary services for forecasting the power system operation. The paper analyzes the problematic issues of implementing the Smart Grid concept in Ukraine. They include the lack of technological solutions and methods that provide an effective algorithm for determining the state of power networks cyber security; large length of power distribution networks and insufficiently developed infrastructure. A comparative description of the existing energy systems functional properties and energy systems based on the Smart Grid concept is presented in general. An analysis of possible ways of electric power industry development was carried out, which showed the presence of serious limitations of electric power industry development within the framework of the former concept, based mainly on the improvement of certain types of equipment and technologies. It is shown that Ukraine is at the initial familiarization and formation stage of the first organizational initiatives for Smart Grid, namely the implementation of the government-approved Concept of the "smart grids" introduction in Ukraine for the period up to 2035. The purpose and expected results of this Concept implementation are considered.

Retraction Note: Electric power industry development in the Russian Federation considering the structural trends of the world economy

Retraction Note: Electric power industry development in the Russian Federation considering the structural trends of the world economy

Munich Exhibition of Oscar von Miller. Part 2. A Remarkable Result (On the 140th Anniversary of the Misbach-Munich Power Transmission of M. Depre)

The article is devoted to the history of the first power transmissions over a long distance. In 1873, the French engineer H. Fontaine transferred electrical energy between a dynamo and a DC motor over a kilometer distance. The efficiency of this power transmission was rather poor, but the experiment became widely known and interested many scientists. However, a low level to which the electrical engineering had been developed by that time, lack of electricity consumers, high cost, and poor reliability of electrical equipment did not allow the problems of power transmission efficiency to be solved within a short period of time. After the advent in 1876 of P.N. Yablochkov’s lighting system and the electrical market, the issue of constructing power transmission lines was becoming increasingly more urgent. Theoretical studies of a number of electrical engineers: D.A. Lachinov, O. Froelich, M. Deprez, and others showed ways to increase the power transmission efficiency, the value of which could be higher than 50%. These works faced incomprehension from many eminent electrical engineers of that time. Practical proof was required. The article describes the central event of the Munich Exhibition in 1882 - the transmission of electrical energy over a distance of 57 km from Miesbach to Munich, implemented by Marcel Despres and Oscar von Miller. In fact, this was the first experience of creating a high-voltage DC power line in history. A bold power transmission experiment over such a considerable distance was of great importance for the development of electric power industry and served as impetus for accelerating work in this field.

МАЛАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИКА — ДРАЙВЕР ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИИ

Relevance of the topic: One of the possible directions of further development of electric power industry is investment in distributed (small) power industry. It can become an impetus for the development of isolated areas of Russia from the Unified Energy System of Russia, as it will reduce the cost of 1 kWh of electricity and, most importantly, use the resources that this region has, as at the moment it is the lack and high cost of electricity that hinders the development of these regions. Object: is the introduction of small-scale power in Russia. Subject: are the prospects and risks of using small-scale energy facilities. Purpose of work: to build a financial and economic model for the construction of small-scale power facilities in the territory of the subjects of the Russian Federation, taking into account the natural conditions for the choice of generation. Objectives: To identify the advantages of small power; To compare the main types of small power; To consider the main projects of small power in the territory of the Russian Federation; To calculate the effectiveness of the introduction of hybrid stations in the regions of the Russian Federation; To determine the main risks of small power and development of measures to manage the risks; Method or methodology of the work: a wide range of methods were used in preparing the study, primarily the method of analysis and synthesis, the method of visualization, the method of statistical analysis, as well as the method of grouping. The methodology of calculating the economic efficiency of the hybrid power system was tested on three subjects of the Russian Federation: Chita region, the Sakha Republic and Krasnoyarsk region. Results of the work: In the course of the study the main advantages of small-scale power facilities were identified, namely, autonomy, efficiency, environmental friendliness. The choice of hybrid power system as the main diver of small-scale power engineering in Russia on the basis of the comparative analysis was substantiated. According to the results of the construction and analysis of the FEM construction of hybrid energy system objects in the territory of Chita region, the Sakha Republic, Krasnoyarsk region is an effective solution due to high tariffs for electricity and capacity for wholesale customers — 59,93 rubles/kW, 21,98 rubles/kW and 30,21 rubles/kW respectively. The payback period of these projects will be 2 years, 5 years and 4 years, respectively.

FEATURES OF THE GLOBAL FUEL AND ENERGY SECTOR DEVELOPMENT UNDER GLOBAL STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION

The article studies the features of the global fuel and energy sector’s development under structural transformational changes from 1971 to the present day. In the materials, the author analyzes the fuel structure of global generated electricity, compares the structure of global natural gas consumption, calculates and evaluates the dynamics of global consumption of various energy sources per capita, and analyzes the dynamics of global indicators of energy content of various energy sources to gross domestic product at purchasing power parity. Furthermore, an empirical analysis of indicators of the structure of change in renewable energy sources’ share of global gross production of electric power energy is conducted, as is the analysis of the structure of investments into the development of the renewable electric power industry in some countries, as well as global CO2 emissions since 1990. Firstly, the study reveals environmentally friendly and cost-effective energy sources such as natural gas and renewable energy sources technology, which strengthen their position in the global energy balance in the fuel structure of electric power generation while displace non-environmental petroleum and coal. Secondly, it has been proven that the indicators of the global energy efficiency level, calculated based on the energy content of all major energy sources consumed globally over the last century, are constantly dropping. The article describes the structure of a significant growth in renewable energy sources share of global gross production of electrical power. This trend is possible due to the accessibility of the technology for the production of renewable energy sources, the rise in the cost of crude hydrocarbons on global markets, “green” energy support at the state policy level in most countries, and massive investment in renewable energy sources. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the policy of managing the development of the global fuel and energy sector has a significant impact both on its future and on the development of the global economies of the world’s countries, primarily the Russian Federation.

СПОСОБЫ ПОДДЕРЖАНИЯ ЗНАЧЕНИЙ НАПРЯЖЕНИЯ И ЧАСТОТЫ В ДОПУСТИМЫХ ПРЕДЕЛАХ В УСЛОВИЯХ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕННОЙ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ПРИ РЕЗКОПЕРЕМЕННОМ ХАРАКТЕРЕ НАГРУЗКИ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЯ

Relevance A promising direction for the development of domestic and foreign electric power industry is distributed generation. Distributed generation is a principle for the development of distribution networks and internal power supply networks of enterprises with a voltage level of up to 110 kV inclusive, in which power plants with an installed capacity of not more than 25 MW are located in close proximity to power consumption nodes. The reasons for the spread of this principle of development of distribution networks include the reduction of losses in the transmission of electricity, the possibility of isolated or autonomous modes of operation of energy districts, and due to the variety and high efficiency of distributed generation generating plants, the ability to use any available energy resources, including renewable energy sources. In conditions of distributed generation, power supply to consumers with a sharply variable nature of the load is difficult, which is associated with significant deviations of the mode parameters and shutdown of generating plants by emergency automatics. The reasons for such a low dynamic stability of generating installations of distributed generation are different and are determined by their operating principle, design and some other factors. The main reasons include incorrectly set operation algorithms and settings of emergency automatics, overheating of the primary engine, low moment of inertia of the turbine, and stochastic nature of power generation. Consumers with a sharply variable nature of the load include not only large industrial enterprises, but also communications enterprises, some agricultural enterprises, and the load of the housing and communal sector. Thus, a sharply variable load is present in many areas of activity and solving the issues of organizing its power supply according to the principle of distributed generation is an urgent problem. Aim of research Review of ways to maintain the mode parameters of the power supply system with distributed generation facilities and consumers with a sharply variable nature of the load. Research methods The studies were carried out using the theory of transient electromechanical processes, the theory of power transmission, and experimental results. Results A review is made of ways to maintain the mode parameters of a power supply system with distributed energy sources within a

Prerequisites for the formation of collaborative alliances in the implementation of distributed generation

Introduction. One of the key vectors of the further development of the domestic electric power industry is the implementation of the smart grid system particularly the development of distributed generation. At the same time, this process requires solving the complex problem of establishing interaction and organizing cooperation between its participants. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the participants of collaborative alliances within the framework of the development of the distributed generation system. Method (methodology). The methods of generalization and grouping used in the research process with the aim of forming relevance and outlining development paths in the electric power industry, for the formation of the structure of collaborative alliances – methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as a method of logical analysis to form conclusions. Results. Prerequisites for the organization of cooperation through the creation of associations and partnerships based on the theory of collaborative alliances are determined, primarily due to the insufficient amount of resources of individual economic entities. Considered the concept of collaborative alliances, grouped the main general advantages of their creation and functioning. Researched the main issues in electric power, which can be solve by the implementation of smart grids, also, as a result, a complex of potential positive changes. Defined the basic functions of a smart network as: production, transmission, distribution and consumption of electric energy and their constituent elements. Particular attention paid to the development of distributed generation in the paradigm of one of the key elements of the smart grids development. Researched concepts and advantages of implementation of distributed generation and their essence. Emphasized the urgency of organizing the cooperation of distributed generation entities by forming collaborative alliances. Proposed the basic structure of such collaborative alliances in the system of distributed generation and the relationships of their participants.

Tax regulation in the field of electric power generation: Assessment of prospects and the need for transformation against the background of new threats to Russia's national security

Subject. This article discusses the issues of ensuring the economic security of Russia and the implementation of projects to create national technologies in strategically important sectors of the economy. Objectives. The article aims to find instruments of tax incentives to develop promising projects related to the electric power industry. Methods. For the study, we used general scientific research methods. Results. Based on the analysis of international practices, new challenges and threats, the article identifies Russia's priorities in the electric power industry development. Conclusions. The development of the public-private partnership institution will contribute to the growth of investments in the industry’s advancement. Concerning the organizations involved in hi-tech and scientific developments, it is advisable to reduce the burden of income tax. Reducing dependence on foreign technologies in the energy sector is a condition for strengthening Russia's economic security.

Assessment of CHINA'S contribution to the development of the russian electric power industry: from planned to implemented projects

Modern energy cooperation between Russia and China is mutually beneficial and complementary: China invests in the implementation of Russian energy projects, and Russia, in turn, supplies its energy resources to China, meeting the needs of both sides. This article assesses China's contribution to the development of the Russian electric power industry. The assessment is carried out on the basis of careful examination of upcoming and already implemented projects of China's investment cooperation in Russia in the field of renewable energy, including solar, wind, and hydropower, as well as in the field of thermal and nuclear energy. At the same time attention is paid to the volume of investment in specific projects, and the degree of participation in the equity holding. Based on the results of the assessment, a conclusion is made about the high interest of China in the implementation of electric power projects in Russia. China especially counts on mutual support for cooperation in the field of renewable energy, namely in the sector of construction of solar, wind and hydropower plants, in order to solve the climate issue. At the same time China does not deny the importance of developing relations in the field of oil and gas.

Scales and Consequences of Deep Decarbonization of the Russian Electric Power Industry

—The article considers possible scales of changes in Russia’s Unified Energy System (UES) generation capacity structure and the associated costs necessary for adapting the electric power industry to various, in terms of stringency, requirements for reducing carbon emissions and decreasing the electricity production carbon intensity in 2040–2050. To this end, production and economic indicators are predicted for the so-called “boundary” industry’s development scenarios, which differ essentially in the scales of such changes, and provide different contributions in decarbonization of the country’s economy. One of the scenarios was drawn up based on the assumption that the existing trends and rates of changes in the technological structure would remain the same, with which a stable level of electricity price and amount of СО2 emissions will be reached by 2050. The second scenario implies that a transition will be made after 2030 to more intensive changes due to increasing the number and capacity of carbon-free power plants, improving the energy efficiency of thermal power plants (TPPs), and substituting their use of coal. Taken in combination, these measures will make it possible to reduce the СО2 emissions from power plants by almost 40% by 2050. Two electric power industry development scenarios are compared with respect to the following indicators: installed capacity and electricity production, and their mix (share distribution) by power plant types, necessary amounts of commissioning the capacities of thermal and carbon-free power plants and the required capital investments, demand for fuel, financial requirements of the electric power industry, and electricity price variation dynamics. The capital intensity of reducing the СО2 emissions and electricity production carbon intensity is estimated, and the scales of unavoidable growth in the price of electricity for its consumers in Russia are shown.

China's Electric Power Industry: State and Development Prospects in the Context of Carbon Neutral Industry

China has set a goal of achieving peak carbon emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Increasing the electricity utilization factor is the key to achieving this goal. The article considers the development of China's electric power industry in recent years and compares the installed electrical capacity, electricity production and consumption, investments in the electric power industry, and analyzes the characteristics and potential of China's renewable energy sources, including hydraulic, wind and solar energy. Increasing the electricity production from renewable energy sources, promoting the substitution of conventional fossil energy sources such as oil with electricity, increasing the share of electricity in the total energy consumption, and strengthening international cooperation in the field of electricity generation from renewable energy sources are important measures to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and solve the climate change problem. The promotion of environmentally clean transport facilities such as electric vehicles and electric bicycles, combination of renewable energy sources with energy storages, and prioritizing the construction of demonstration projects in remote industrial and rural areas are measures that will help to gradually increase the utilization factor of renewable energy sources in China.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ДИНАМІЧНОЇ ТАРИФІКАЦІЇ ДЛЯ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ТЕХНІКО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ MICROGRID НА ЛОКАЛЬНИХ РИНКАХ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГІЇ

Features of development of electric power industry of Ukraine from the point of view of the formation of the perspective structure of generating capacities of UES of Ukraine and development of renewable energy sources (RES) are characterized. In the analysis of the problem of introduction of RES in the energy system of our country and the use of advanced tariff systems, three levels are identified: the highest level - the UES of Ukraine; middle level – regional energy companies; lower-level - local energy supply systems. It is shown that the study of choosing a strategy for better implementation of dynamic electricity prices, as well as trends in business models for local electricity markets with a combination of physical, communication, information, and business levels are relevant. The peculiarities of Microgrid development as a basic element of the functioning of local electricity markets under the condition of formation of optimal modes of generation and consumption of electricity using dynamic charging, which can provide a significant part of imbalance compensation due to the widespread introduction of RES. The article considers the formation of dynamic prices at the level of local power systems (Microgrid), which have features of both the operation and implementation of business models. The elements of the business model for the local electricity market, which is proposed for the sole owner of all generators and consumers, are analyzed when Microgrid is considered as an independent element of the local market, where a dynamic balance between supply and demand. It is determined that at the level of local energy supply systems charging must be based on dynamic models that will take into account the dynamic nature of generation and regulation of electricity consumption in the system and stimulate appropriate desired actions by the consumer. It is proposed to use the tariff calculation not for the time interval, but for the state, as well as to control the optimal levels of generation and consumption of electricity to use the reference tariff and the formation of reference profiles of generation and consumption of electricity. Modified Frieze reactive power was used to estimate the discrepancy between current and optimal power regimes. References 37, table 1.

Підвищення точності визначення місця виникнення короткого замикання в електричних мережах номінальною напругою 110-150 кВ

The article is devoted to the study of improving the efficiency of the electric network with a voltage of 110-150 kV through the use of a developed device FKZ, which uses a radio channel to transmit information. At the present stage of development of electric power industry the question of reliability of work of high-voltage electric networks plays an important role. During the operation of such electrical networks, emergencies inevitably occur, the most dangerous of which are short circuits. Determining the location of damage to the electrical network is the most complex, time-consuming and time-consuming technological operation with significant costs. Therefore, the task of improving the design of devices to determine the location of damage, the use of which will significantly reduce the level of operating costs for electrical networks, is relevant. One of the ways to solve the problem of improving the accuracy of determining the location of a short circuit in the electrical network is the use of special technical means - short circuit clamps. The scheme of the normal regime of the 150 kV electric network of PJSC Kirovogradoblenergo was used for the research. The analysis of the configuration of this network showed that it has a number of substations that receive power from transmission lines, which are deaf branches. Therefore, the installation of short-circuit latches on such lines is necessary. The authors of the article propose the introduction of a radio channel to transmit information about the state of the network and the place of damage to the next personnel of the substation. The most appropriate ways to organize a radio channel are: the use of GSM networks; use of unlicensed frequency transmitters. Approximate calculations have been carried out, which confirm the possibility of creating a radio channel for transmitting information from the short-circuit lock for a distance of up to 20 km, using transceivers of non-licensed frequencies.

ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR OF BELARUS: FORMATION, EVOLUTION, PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF NEW INDUSTRIALIZATION

The article presents a retrospective analysis of the development of the Belarusian electric power industry, its current state, problems and prospects for its further improvement in the modern changed conditions. It is shown that in the context of external sanctions against Belarus and the surplus of electricity caused by the commissioning of the Belarusian NPP, it is necessary to revise the approaches to assessing the efficiency of sources of electrical energy and, accordingly, the directions of development of the domestic electric power industry. The general strategy of the Belarusian energy system is characterized, taking into account the need to implement a new industrialization of the national economy of the Republic of Belarus and other EAEU countries.

Application of Intelligent Control Technology in Power System Automation

In recent years, with the rapid development of my country’ s economy, the public and corporate electricity consumption has increased year by year, which has brought greater challenges to the operation of the existing power system. Under the challenges of the new era, power companies must continue to improve the safety and robustness of power supply, and ensure the stability of power supply, in order to ensure the safety of users’ power consumption. In the current environment of rapid development of electric power industry, power supply companies should reasonably use intelligent control technology to make power equipment more stable and automatic operation, so as to make the power equipment safer. This article focuses on the intelligent control technology of the power grid, and at the same time, the intelligent control technology methods and techniques are used in power equipment, and several strategies have been proposed.

Research on Ecological Design of the Urban Gas Turbine Power Plant with the Garden Style

Introduction With the development of the clean electric power industry， the construction of gas turbine power plants has become an important part of regional planning of urban areas. As a huge industrial building complex， how to shape its image， make it a large landscape complex， and enhance the surroundings with the positive effects of ecology， harmony， nature and environmental protection has become a new direction and inevitable trend in the design of gas turbine power plants today. Method At the beginning of the design， the goal of landscape and ecological design was determined for the whole complex and environment of the plant， the overall landscape design of each building was carried out， and the concept of ecological design was integrated. Result Based on the project of Huaneng Gas Turbine Power Plant in Dongguan， the consideration of layout optimization and the design concept of landscape optimization of the whole plant are analyzed to create a modernized garden-style power plant with novel architecture， beautified scenery， fresh environment and fine ecology. Conclusion The proposed implementation path can be a reference for the design of similar power plants in the future.

ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF PHASE REGULATING DEVICE BASED ON “STAR” CIRCUIT

The electric power industry development mean increases the electric grids flexibility through the use of various devices type (FACTS) controlled by means of power electronics and being an element of the Smart Grid. This type of device includes a phaseshifting transformer (PST), which redistributes power flows in the branches of electrical networks. In connection with the relevance of this topic, new technical solutions appear that implement similar functions, which entails the need for a comparative analysis of such developments in order to optimize the energy characteristics of this kind of equipment. The aim of the work is to develop schematic version of the PST made according to the "star" scheme and analyze its operation in typical modes. During the study, the energy characteristics of the device were determined. The possibility of reducing the typical power of the phase-shifting device due to the use of capacitive compensation is analyzed.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Electric power industry development in the Russian Federation considering the structural trends of the world economy

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Electric power industry development in the Russian Federation considering the structural trends of the world economy

Development and Operation Modes of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Generation System for Remote Consumers’ Power Supply

At the present stage of electric power industry development, special attention is being paid to the development and research of new efficient energy sources. The use of hydrogen fuel cells is promising for remote autonomous power supply systems. The authors of the paper have developed the structure and determined the optimal composition of a hybrid generation system based on hydrogen fuel cells and battery storage and have conducted studies of its operating modes and for remote consumers’ power supply efficiency. A simulation of the electromagnetic processes was carried out to check the operability of the proposed hybrid generation system structure. The simulation results confirmed the operability of the structure under consideration, the calculation of its parameters reliability and the high quality of the output voltage. The electricity cost of a hybrid generation system was estimated according to the LCOE (levelized cost of energy) indicator, its value being 1.17 USD/kWh. The factors influencing the electricity cost of a hydrogen generation system have been determined and ways for reducing its cost identified.