Development Of Diabetes Mellitus Research Articles

Imported Strongyloides stercoralis infection and diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases: Is there any association?

Strongyloidiasis is a nematode infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis. Previous studies have addressed the possibility of the parasite to establish a complex relationship with the host that could affect the risk of developing diabetes mellitus or modify its presentation. This study aims to evaluate the potential impact of strongyloidiasis in diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases. Case-control observational retrospective study that included 95S. stercoralis-infected patients and 83 non-infected individuals. Epidemiological and clinical variables were retrieved from medical records, and a statistical analysis was carried out to explore any association between strongyloidiasis and diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases. Most of the patients were men (99, 55.60%) with a mean age of 42.53 ± SD 14 years. Twelve (6.70%) patients were diabetic; 30 (16.90%) presented arterial hypertension; 28 (15.70%) had dyslipidaemia; and 10 (5.60%) had thyroid pathology. When comparing patients with strongyloidiasis and uninfected patients, no differences were found regarding diabetes mellitus or other metabolic diseases. The results obtained in the present study do not confirm any type of association between strongyloidiasis and diabetes mellitus or other metabolic diseases.

Risk factors associated with glycated hemoglobin A1c trajectories progressing to type 2 diabetes

Background and objective The notion of prediabetes, defined by the ADA as glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 5.7–6.4%, implies increased vascular inflammatory and immunologic processes and higher risk for developing diabetes mellitus and major cardiovascular events. We aimed to determine the risk factors associated with rapid progression of normal and prediabetes patients to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Retrospective cohort study in a single 8-hospital health system in southeast Michigan, between 2006 and 2020. All patients with HbA1c <6.5% at baseline and at least 2 other HbA1c measurements were clustered in five trajectories encompassing more than 95% of the study population. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to examine the association of demographic and comorbidities with HbA1c trajectories progressing to diabetes. Results A total of 5,347 prediabetic patients were clustered based on their HbA1c progression (C1: 4,853, C2: 253, C66: 102, C12: 85, C68: 54). The largest cluster (C1) had a baseline median HbA1c value of 6.0% and exhibited stable HbA1c levels in prediabetic range across all subsequent years. The smallest cluster (C68) had the lowest median baseline HbA1c value and also remained stable across subsequent years. The proportion of normal HbA1c in each of the pre-diabetic trajectories ranged from 0 to 12.7%, whereas 81.5% of the reference cluster (C68) were normal HbA1c at baseline. The C2 (steady rising) trajectory was significantly associated with BMI (adj OR 1.10, 95%CI 1.03–1.17), and family history of DM (adj OR 2.75, 95%CI 1.32–5.74). With respect to the late rising trajectories, baseline BMI was significantly associated with both C66 and C12 trajectory (adj OR 1.10, 95%CI 1.03–1.18) and (adj OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.05–1.23) respectively, whereas, the C12 trajectory was also significantly associated with age (adj OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.04–2.53) and history of MACE (adj OR 3.20, 95%CI 1.14–8.93). Conclusions We suggest that perhaps a more aggressive preventative approach should be considered in patients with a family history of T2DM who have high BMI and year-to-year increase in HbA1c, whether they have normal hemoglobin A1c or they have prediabetes. KEY MESSAGES Progression to diabetes from normal or prediabetic hemoglobin A1c within four years is associated with baseline BMI. A steady rise in HbA1c during a four-year period is associated with age and family history of T2DM, whereas age and personal history of MACE are associated with a rapid rise in HbA1c. A more aggressive preventative approach should be considered in patients with a family history of T2DM who have high BMI and year-to-year increase in HbA1c.

Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review of Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes.

The polycystic ovarian syndrome affects many women today. Previous research has demonstrated a direct link between it and serious ailments such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and infertility. Originally thought to be a reproductive disorder, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is now understood to be a metabolic and psychological disorder. Women of reproductive age suffering from PCOS undergo hormonal imbalances in which progesterone, insulin, and testosterone are produced in excess. PCOS exhibits a variety of characteristics as well as a heterogeneity of symptoms, including acne, hirsutism, androgenic alopecia, irregular menstruation, infertility, obesity, and mood disorders like despair and anxiety. Chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and an elevated threat of coronary artery disease are some of its defining characteristics. PCOS develops due to interacting genetic and environmental factors. From a gynaecological curiosity, it grew into a multisystem endocrinopathy. It is fascinating to learn how hormonal issues result in gynaecological problems. Insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinism, and an increase in ovarian androgenic hyperresponsiveness to circulating insulin are all directly related to hyperandrogenism and anovulation. Independent of weight, insulin resistance is more common with PCOS and plays a crucial role in the syndrome's metabolic and reproductive complications. Anovulation, polycystic ovaries, and elevated luteinizing hormones, which increase circulating androgen, are all caused by a reduction in follicle-stimulating hormone. High androgen levels cause hyperinsulinemia, which leads cells to become insulin resistant and makes PCOS patients more likely to develop diabetes mellitus. Later research established that women with polycystic ovarian shape and persistent anovulation are the only ones susceptible to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is thus a distinct characteristic of the condition. The purpose of this review paper is to investigate how PCOS ultimately results in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A novel pathogenic variant in the glucokinase gene found in two Japanese siblings with maturity-onset diabetes of the young 2.

Glucokinase is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phospate in the first step of the glycolytic pathway. It also regulates the threshold for insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells by catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose and plays an important role as a glucose sensor. Pathogenic variants in the glucokinase gene (GCK) cause non-progressive but persistent mild fasting hyperglycemia, also recognized as maturity-onset diabetes of the young 2 (MODY2). This report presents the case of two Japanese siblings with MODY2, who were initially diagnosed with impaired glucose intolerance at 20 and 17 years of age, and later developed diabetes mellitus. They had no history of obesity, were negative for islet-related autoantibodies and their serum C-peptide level were within the normal range. Diabetic complications were not observed. Next-generation sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous variant in GCK (NM_000162.5: c.1088A>G, p.Asp363Gly) in both siblings. This variant has not been reported previously. In silico functional analyses, using SIFT and MutationTaster, suggested that the variant was damaging. To confirm the functional impact of the mutated GCK, the HiBiT-tagged p.Asp363Gly variant and the wild-type GCK were transiently expressed in HEK293T cells. The cells expressing the variant GCK exhibited 79% less bioluminescence, compared to those expressing the wild-type GCK, suggesting that the pathophysiology of the variant was a result of haploinsufficiency.

E2/E3 and E3/E4 Genotypes of the Apolipoprotein E are Associated with Higher Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Hypertension.

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays an important role in the lipid metabolism. APOE polymorphisms have been implicated in susceptibility to diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the association between APOE polymorphisms and the risk of DM among the hypertensive patients remains unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate this relationship to provide clues for further developing DM in hypertensive patients. The study included 808 hypertensive patients with DM and 1226 hypertensive patients without DM as controls. The APOE 388T>C (rs429358) and 526C>T (rs7412) polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - microarray. Differences in APOE genotypes between subjects and controls were compared. To analyze the relationship between APOE genotypes and DM risk, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for gender, age, smoking history, and drinking history. The APOE E2/E4, E3/E3 genotype and ε2, ε3 allele frequency had significant difference between DM patients and controls (P<0.05). The DM patients with ɛ4 allele had lower level in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and higher level in apolipoprotein B (ApoB) than those with ɛ2 allele. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the APOE genotype of E2/E3 with adjusted OR=1.350 (95% Cl=1.009-1.806, P=0.043) and E3/E4 with adjusted OR=1.325 (95% Cl=1.034-1699, P=0.026) may be independent risk factors for DM. APOE E2/E3 and E3/E4 genotypes may be risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus in hypertensive patients.

Testosterone Level and Risk of Diabetes: Follow-Up Study

Background: Epidemiological studies have documented an inverse relationship between testosterone levels and risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to explore the association between testosterone levels and risk of developing diabetes mellitus from 108 middle-aged men with no history of medical diseases. Methods: Data regarding the age of subjects, smoking, alcohol consumption, waist-to-hip ratio, and family history of cardiovascular disease were collected at the time of inclusion. Testosterone levels were also measured. 15 years later the medical history of the men was reviewed to record the development of medical incidents with references to diabetes mellitus. Two groups of men were identified based on testosterone levels: hypogonadal (testosterone ≤12 nmol/L) and eugonadal (testosterone &gt;12 nmol/L). Results: In total, 10 (9.0%) out of 108 men developed diabetes during the 15-year follow-up period, of whom 6 (16%) out of 37 and 4 (6%) out of 71 were men in the hypogonadal and eugonadal cohorts respectively (p=0.08). Using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the adjusted risk for diabetes was significantly lower in eugonadal men compared to hypogonadal men (adjusted hazard ratio=0.236; 95% CI=0.062–0.898; P=0.03). Conclusion: Our results showed a significant increased risk of diabetes in men with low testosterone levels compared to men with normal testosterone.

A Case Report of Association between Canine Hypothyroidism and Diabetes

Hypothyroidism is the most common hormonal disorder in dogs because of the low production of the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) by the thyroid gland. The main cause of hypothyroidism in adult dogs is primary hypothyroidism associated with destruction of the thyroid gland in lymphocytic or autoimmune thyroiditis, followed by idiopathic thyroid degeneration or idiopathic follicular atrophy. Dogs affected by hypothyroidism may develop diabetes mellitus due to the propensity for the development of other endocrine diseases associated with the immune-mediated attack against cellular antigens associated with endocrine system. In this case report, an eleven-year-old male Lhasa Apso was presented to the clinical facility with signs of apathy, anorexia and non-pruritic bilateral symmetric alopecia that extended to the tip of the tail but sparing the head and limbs. Other clinical manifestations included polyuria, polydipsia, and bilateral cataracts. The animal was submitted to the blood count, T4, T3, TSH dosage, biochemical tests, and imaging tests (cervical and abdominal ultrasonography). Exam results demonstrate the presence of hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus. Since hypothyroidism corresponds to the most common endocrine disorder in dogs, and they are prone to the development of diabetes mellitus, the veterinarian must be aware of the clinical manifestations of these diseases.

Finnish Diabetes Risk Scores Positively Correlates Some Anthropometric Parameters in Young Adult Nigerians

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing steadily. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) was developed for the identification of individuals at risk of developing diabetes mellitus. The relationship between FINDRISC and biochemical and anthropometric parameters in young adult Nigerians has not been investigated, thus creating a knowledge gap. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between FINDRISC and biochemical and anthropometric parameters in young adult Nigerian populations. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 240 young adults (aged 15-35 years) without a previous diagnosis of diabetes, in an urban and rural location in Delta State. Participants filled out the FINDRISC questionnaire prior to a fasting blood glucose test while other biochemical and anthropometric measurements were done following standard protocols. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between FINDRISC and the parameters of interest. FINDRISC had a significant (p &lt; 0.05) positive correlation with Body Mass Index [r = +0.596 (rural); r = +0.620 (urban)]; Waist Circumference [r = +0.609 (rural); r = +0.587 (urban)] and Fasting Blood Sugar [r = +0.364 (urban)] in the study population. All other biochemical parameters did not show a significant correlation with FINDRISC. These findings provide compelling evidence to suggest that anthropometric parameters could play significant roles in the prediction of future diabetes risk in the population

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus among Adults residing in Field-Practice area ofB. J. Medical College, civil hospital, Ahmedabad

Background &amp;Aims:The worldwide prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has risen dramatically in the developing countries over the past two decades. Diabetes Mellitus is emerging as a major health-care challenge for India. So the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among the adult population &gt; 30 years of age and to assess the risk factors of Diabetes Mellitus.Materials and Method:This was a population-based cross-sectional study carried out in the urban field practice area of tertiary care medical teaching institute in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Simple random sampling technique was used for the selection of 1900 adults, 30 years of age and above. Main outcome measures were the assessment of the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and correlates of Diabetes Mellitus. A Predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used to elicit the information on family and individual socio-demographic variables. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure were measured and venous blood was also collected to measure fasting and postprandial blood glucose.Results:Overall the prevalence of DM was 20.0% with known DM being 6.2% of study population and undiagnosed DM being 13.8% subjects. Significant association was seen between prevalence of DM and age, Obesity and Hypertension.Conclusion:It was observed that every 5TH study subject is having Diabetes Mellitus. Adults with age &gt;40 years, Obesity and Hypertension, belonging to middle/ high class are more likely to develop Diabetes Mellitus. Also family history of Diabetes &amp; sedentary lifestyle were seen as risk factors. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting glucose level, Obesity, Hypertension.

Mechanisms of autoimmune pathology in post-COVID syndrome

One of the delayed consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection is post-acute COVID-19 – polymorphic disorders of various organ systems that affect COVID-19 convalescents and persist for more than four weeks after an acute infection. Due to the infectious nature of the COVID-19, we would like to pay special attention to complications from the immune system, especially concomitant and new-onset autoimmune pathology. This review analyzes the current state of the issue of post-acute COVID-19 complications, discusses the molecular features of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the mechanisms underlying the impaired immune response during acute COVID-19 infection and the occurrence of autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions during convalescence. Particular attention is paid to the molecular mimicry of antigenic determinants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which are structurally similar to the epitopes of human autoantigens. The current data on post-acute COVID-19 autoimmune complications from humoral immunity and the endocrine system, as well as reproductive disorders faced by male patients are presented. For the first time, we hypothesize a role of the structural homology of the human SOX13 autoantigen (HMG box factor SOX13) associated with diabetes mellitus and SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein in the development of the post-acute COVID-19 autoimmune pathologies. Due to the structural similarity of the two proteins and the overlap of their immunogenic regions, we suggest that the increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus and reproductive disorders in men after suffering from COVID-19 may be associated with immunological cross-reactivity.

A Study of the Metabolic Pathways Affected by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Comparison with Type 2 Diabetes.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains incompletely understood and increases the risk of developing Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). Metabolomics provides insights etiology and pathogenesis of disease and discovery biomarkers for accurate detection. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a key platform defining metabolic signatures in intact serum/plasma. In the present study, we used NMR-based analysis of macromolecules free-serum to accurately characterize the altered metabolic pathways of GDM and assessing their similarities to DM2. Our findings could contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of GDM and help in the identification of metabolomic markers of the disease. Sixty-two women with GDM matched with seventy-seven women without GDM (control group). 1H NMR serum spectra were acquired on an 11.7 T Bruker Avance DRX NMR spectrometer. We identified 55 metabolites in both groups, 25 of which were significantly altered in the GDM group. GDM group showed elevated levels of ketone bodies, 2-hydroxybutyrate and of some metabolic intermediates of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and significantly lower levels of metabolites of one-carbon metabolism, energy production, purine metabolism, certain amino acids, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, ornithine, 2-aminobutyrate, taurine and trimethylamine N-oxide. Metabolic pathways affected in GDM were beta-oxidation, ketone bodies metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, arginine and ornithine metabolism likewise in DM2, whereas BCAAs catabolism and aromatic amino acids metabolism were affected, but otherwise than in DM2.

PSUN81 A novel case of congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) with no genetic abnormalites in the AGPAT2, BSCL2, CAV1, and CAVIN1 genes.

Abstract Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a genetic disorder charaterized by total body fat loss. The extent of fat loss is usually associated with the severity of the disease and patients typically develop metabolic complications such as hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. Mutations in the AGPAT2, BSCL2, CAV1, and CAVIN1 genes are known to cause CGL. We report a new case of CGL but where no genetic aetiology has yet been identified in the known genes that cause CGL. The patient is a female child born at 36 weeks gestation with a birth weight os 2.57 kg. Soon after birth she was diagnosed clinically with CGL with both the DEXA and MRI scans showing severely diminished adipose tissue and 0% body fat respectively. She had severe failure to thive and developed diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, severe scalp seborrheic dermatitis and hepatic steotosis. At 2 years of age her weight was only 3.7kg and she died from an upper respiratory tract infection. Whole exome sequencing and trio analysis did not find any mutations or copy number variants (CNV) in the AGPAT2, BSCL2, CAV1, and CAVIN1 genes associated with CGL. De-novo variants were found in the genes PCNT, PDE4DIP and STAT3 which need further functional validation. This case suggests that other possibly novel genetic mechanisms may be responsible for the CGL observed in this patient. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

Risk of Diabetes Mellitus after Radiotherapy for Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> The long-term effect of radiation on pancreas has been mostly studied for pediatric patients with the lack of individual radiation dosimetric data. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of radiotherapy (RT) on the risk of newly developed diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (GML) using individual radiation dosimetric analysis. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> We retrospectively reviewed 225 patients without history of DM who received curative aim treatment for stage IE GML between August 2007 and June 2020. Involved site RT to the whole stomach was delivered in 83 patients (36.9%). The pancreas was delineated in each patient's computerized tomography scan for dosimetric analysis. <h3>Results</h3> At a median follow-up time of 49.0 months (range, 3.0-155.3 months), the 3-year cumulative incidence of DM was 3.9% in all patients, and 7.9% and 1.6% in patients who received and did not receive RT, respectively (p=0.009). The mean pancreatic dose (D_mean) was independently associated with DM (p=0.027). As a result of recursive partitioning analysis, patients were classified into low (D_mean <21 Gy), intermediate (D_mean ≥21 Gy and BMI <27.0kg/m²), and high-risk groups (D_mean ≥21 Gy and BMI ≥27.0kg/m²) with 5-year DM incidence of 1.5%, 6.3%, and 54.3%, respectively (p<0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results indicate that incidental irradiation to the pancreas can increase the risk of DM, which was dependent on pancreas D_mean. In addition, not only reducing pancreas D_mean but also controlling BMI may need to be combined to effectively prevent DM after RT.

Maternal height as a predictor of glucose intolerance in the postpartum and its relationship with maternal pre-gestational weight.

Short stature predicts higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We studied the association between height and glucose intolerance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and whether this association differed according to body mass index (BMI). Retrospective study of the Portuguese GDM registry. missing data on postpartum oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or BMI. postpartum glucose intolerance (diabetes mellitus or prediabetes on the 6-8weeks postpartum OGTT). Women were divided by mean height and compared. A multivariate logistic regression was used, and the analysis was stratified by BMI (cut-off: 30kg/m2) and interaction was tested. We included 7402 women; mean height was 161.9 ± 6.2cm. Taller women had lower BMI and lower rates of glucose intolerance (6.8 vs. 8.8%, p = 0.002). Women with BMI < 30kg/m2 were taller than those with obesity. Height associated with glucose intolerance. The multivariate adjusted OR of glucose intolerance was 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-0.99), p = 0.001, per 1cm increase in height. This association was only observed in women with BMI < 30kg/m2: OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.99), < 0.001. There was no such association in women with BMI ≥ 30kg/m2: OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.97-1.02), p = 0.65. P for interaction between BMI and height was 0.09. In non-obese pre-gestational women, height is inversely associated with postpartum glucose intolerance. Per 1cm increase in height, women present a 3% decrease in the risk of developing diabetes mellitus or prediabetes.

Variations in Anthropometric Parameters in Offspring of Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Background: The risk of developing diabetes mellitus for an individual with a positive family history of the disease is two-to fourfold higher in an offspring of a diabetic compared with offspring of non-diabetic. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the anthropometric parameters of offspring of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Sagamu, Nigeria. Methods: Study subjects were 100 offspring of consecutive T2DM patients’ attending a hospital endocrinology clinic. Diabetic offspring were exempted from the study. FBS was determined employing enzymatic hexokinase method. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured utilizing standard methods while body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Results: There were 50 males and 50 females study subjects, aged 16 to 65 years. The most populated aged group was 16 to 25 years of which 48.6% (n=36) were males and 51.4% (n=38) were females. Totally, 18 subjects were either obese or overweight. Significantly, male subjects had a greater mean weight compared to females (P=0.021) while females had greater mean BMI (P=0.037). Mean WHR was significantly higher among male subjects (P=0.018). Conclusion: Common Anthropometric parameters are normal, female subjects tend to have higher BMI while males have higher weight and WHR.

Genetic variations of tumor necrosis factor-α and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 genes among Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy

ObjectivesThe current study aimed to determine whether genetic differences in the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTG2) genes are linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). BackgroundDN is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Unfortunately, the precise pathogenic mechanisms of DN are not completely understood. Recent data suggest a link between inflammatory cytokines and the chronic complications of T2DM. TNF-α and PTG2 are key mediators of inflammation. Subjects and methodsThis is a case-control study that includes 100 patients (group 1: 50 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy and group 2: 50 patients without diabetic nephropathy) and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (group 3). Genotyping of TNF-α (rs3651525) and PTGS2 (rs689466) by real-time PCR was applied. ResultsTNF-α (rs3651525) and PTGS2 (rs689466) genotype frequency and allelic distribution are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). When T2DM patients with nephropathy were compared to those without DN, regression analysis for the PTGS2 rs689466 and TNF-rs361525 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) demonstrated that none of the SNP genotypes showed a major risk factor for DN susceptibility. As regards TNF-α rs361525, GA and AA genotypes were significantly associated with a higher risk of T2DM when compared to GG, and A allele showed a 3.721-fold increased risk.TNF-α rs361525 AA genotype (OR, 10.980; 95% CI 1.385–87.066) and TNF-rs361525 GA genotype (OR, 3.050; 95% CI 1.315–7.0758) are the most substantially linked parameters with the risk of diabetes mellitus in univariate analysis.According to the multivariate analysis, the AA and GA genotypes of the SNP rs361525 significantly affect the development of diabetes mellitus. No remarkable association was found between the PTGS2 (rs689466) polymorphism and diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. ConclusionIn contrast to the lack of a significant correlation between PTGS2 (rs689466) and DM or DN, TNF-α rs361525 was connected to the possibility of developing diabetes mellitus in our study.

Discovering Patterns of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes in Myocardial Infarction Patients Using Association Rule Mining

Highlights: Association Rule Mining tools predict the association of early-onset Myocardial Infarction with Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus. Association Rule Mining tools using clinical and biochemical attributes can predict the development of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Myocardial Infarction patients. Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of mortality in diabetic patients. Hypertensive patients are more likely to develop diabetes and hypertension contributes to the high prevalence of CVDs, in addition to dyslipidemia and smoking. This study was to find the different patterns and overall rules among CVD patients, including rules broken down by age, sex, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, smoking habits, myocardial infarction (MI) type on ECG, diabetes, and hypertension. The cross-sectional study was performed on 240 subjects (135 patients of ST-elevation MI below 45 years and 105 age matched controls). Association rule mining was used to detect new patterns for early-onset myocardial infarction. A hotspot algorithm was used to extract frequent patterns and various promising rules within real medical data. The experiment was carried out using "Weka'', a tool for extracting rules to find out the association between different stored real parameters. In this study, we found out various rules of hypertension like “Rule 6” says that if levels of BP Systolic &gt; 131 mmHg, LpA2 &gt; 43.2 ng/ml, hsCRP &gt; 3.71 mg/L, initial creatinine &gt; 0.5 mg/dl, and initial Hb ≤15 g/dl (antecedent), then the patient will have 88% chance of developing hypertension (consequent). Similarly for diabetes mellitus with finding their lift and confidence for different support like “Rule 6”, if MI type on ECG = ’Inferior Wall MI’ with STATIN=No, and levels of Triglycerides ≤325 (antecedent), then the patient had a 67% chance of developing diabetes mellitus. We concluded that early-onset myocardial infarction is significantly associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus.Using association rule mining, we can predict the development of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in MI patients.

Risk of Diabetes Mellitus after Radiotherapy for Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma.

Simple SummaryIn patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (GML), irradiation of the pancreas is inevitable owing to its anatomical proximity to the stomach. This is the first study to demonstrate the association between RT exposure and the risk of development of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with GML by measuring individual-based dose parameters of the pancreas. The findings of this study demonstrate the association between incidental pancreatic irradiation and DM. Obesity and sex were key risk factors for DM. Considering the risk of DM, the pancreas should no longer be neglected during RT planning, particularly in male patients and patients with obesity.The long-term effect of radiation on the pancreas in pediatric patients has been studied without individual radiation dosimetric data. This study investigated the effect of radiotherapy on the risk of developing diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (GML), using individual radiation dosimetric analysis. Retrospective analysis reviewed the data of 225 patients without a history of DM receiving curative treatment for stage IE GML. Involved-site radiotherapy was delivered to the whole stomach in 83 patients. The pancreas was delineated in each patient’s computed tomography scan for dosimetric analysis. At a median follow-up of 49.0 months, the 5-year cumulative incidence of DM was 4.5%, 9.6%, and 1.6% in all patients, patients who received radiotherapy, and patients who did not receive radiotherapy, respectively (p = 0.009). Mean pancreatic dose (Dmean; p = 0.009), sex (p = 0.043), and body mass index (BMI; p = 0.008) were independently associated with DM. Using recursive partitioning analysis, patients were classified into low, intermediate, and high-risk groups, with 5-year DM incidence rates of 0.0%, 3.1%, and 15.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). Incidental irradiation of the pancreas can increase the risk of DM, which may be stratified according to patient sex and BMI.

Proximate composition and glycaemic index of destarched rice

There is strong evidence linking low glycaemic diets and reduced risk of developing diabetes mellitus (DM). This study was designed to develop low glycaemic index (GI) food using rice. Rice was subjected to enzymatic treatment at 40 °C for 8 mins for destarching. After the incubation, the proximate composition and GI of the processed rice were determined. Proximate analysis was carried out using the standard methods of AOAC, whereas GI was assessed using a postprandial oral glucose test. The results showed a significant reduction (p &lt; 0.05) in percentage carbohydrates in the processed rice compared with the unprocessed control. Other parameters such as % moisture and lipids were also reduced in the processed rice when compared with the unprocessed control. Furthermore, the percentage of proteins and fibres were significantly increased in the processed rice compared to the unprocessed control. The GI of the processed rice was 69.86% as against the 86.43% of unprocessed rice, representing a 16.57% reduction. Overall, the results suggest that the enzymatic treatment of the rice have the potential of reducing both the starch content and GI of the rice. This can be explored in the development of a diabetic diet.

Assessment of diet, bad habits and psychological status in men and women of the XXI century

Background. The modern rhythm of life has a negative impact on the people lifestyle. Daily stress factors, anxiety, sleep disturbance contribute to the spread of bad habits and excessive consumption of sugars, which, in combination with physical inactivity, leads to weight gain and obesity, and subsequently the development of a number of associated diseases. Methods. Using a specially designed questionnaire, including questions about nutrition, bad habits, physical activity, psychological status, a direct, voluntary survey of 120 socially active, able-bodied men and women was conducted. The risk of developing diabetes mellitus was assessed using the FINDRISK scale, height, body weight, waist circumference were also measured, and body mass index was calculated. Results. The vast majority of respondents (72.5%) noted one or another lack in their lifestyle. More than half of females and males (only 57.5 % of participants) lead a sedentary lifestyle. An increased intake of sugars was revealed in the diet, 18.33 % of the participants consumed fast food weekly, among men there was insufficient consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits. Analysis of bad habits showed that 15.83 % of respondents smoke, 15 % (most men) use energy drinks, 5 % of respondents abuse alcohol. Sleep disorders are widespread in both sexes (generally 55 %), anxiety, mainly among women (51.76 %), depressive background was most often recorded among consumers of energy drinks (66.67 %). Insufficient awareness of rational nutrition was noted in both sexes. When setting goals for lifestyle correction, multitasking was revealed (more than three tasks in 20 % of men and 21.18 % of women) and a high expectation of achieving results. Conclusions. The results of the study highlight numerous risk factors in the lifestyle of socially active people of both sexes which if not corrected in time, can lead to the development of a number of serious diseases.