Development Of Dengue Research Articles

A case-control study to determine the risk factors of dengue fever in Chattogram, Bangladesh

ObjectivesIn a tropical country like Bangladesh, where the climatic condition favors the growth of Aedes mosquito vectors, the success of dengue prevention depends largely on the proper identification and control of risk factors. Therefore this study was aimed to explore the potential risk factors and their association with dengue infection. Study designA case-control study including 150 cases and 150 controls was conducted in Chattogram district of Bangladesh. Cases were confirmed dengue patients admitted in Chattogram medical college hospital and Bangladesh institute of tropical and infectious diseases during August and September 2019. On the other hand, controls were non-dengue patients admitted in other departments of the same hospitals through gender, age, and location matching. MethodsThe questionnaire data were collected through telephone-based interviews, which included general demography, daily life activities, housing and surrounding environment of participants. Chi-square and binary logistic regression were performed to identify potential risk factors. ResultsThe study found that travel history to the high incidence area, staying most of the daytime in office (AOR = 18.10), living in 21–40 years old houses (AOR = 9.74), and the temporary residency in the city (AOR = 10.20) were statistically significant risk factors for getting dengue infection. However, day time sleep, house type and structure, number of family members, morning and evening walk, plant in resident, and junk yard around 250 m of the house were also showed a significant effect in chi square test. ConclusionsResults strengthen our understanding regarding the role of factors associated with daily lifestyle and living environment of people in the development of dengue and hence support the dengue control program in Bangladesh. The study will provide a basis for future extended research covering different parts of the country.

GEOSPATIAL AND CLUSTERING ANALYSIS OF DENGUE CASES USING SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS: CASE OF QUEZON CITY, 2010–2015

Abstract. Dengue is the most rapidly spreading disease in the world with more than 30% of the world’s population at risk of contracting dengue. In 2016, more than 375,000 suspected cases of dengue were reported from the Western Pacific Region, and more than half of these were reported by the Philippines. Dengue virus inflicts significant health and economic burden to the Philippines. Thus, it is important to improve the country’s current schemes for dengue surveillance and response thru better understanding and knowledge on the development of dengue. In this research, geospatial and clustering analyses of dengue cases in Quezon City through GIS and self-organizing maps (SOM) were performed. Two clusters were generated for each clustering method. After clustering the barangays, the coefficient of determination increased for most scenarios compared to the OLS regression of the ungrouped data. The R2 values for the regression of whole Quezon City dataset ranged from 0.364 to 0.671, while it ranged from 0.468 to 0.839 for the SOM-clustered dataset. On the other hand, for the k-means-clustered dataset, R2 values ranged from 0.395 to 0.945. Moreover, GWR models’ adjusted R2 values ranged from 0.675 to 0.876. Common predictors among the different regression models are the informal settlements and very low residential areas. Based on the significant predictors identified and the trend of the dengue cases, SOM produced more logical classification than the GIS Grouping Analysis. Although SOM takes a longer time compared to the GIS Grouping Analysis, SOM is easier and simpler to implement.

Low to medium-low risk perception for dengue, chikungunya and Zika outbreaks by infectious diseases physicians in France, Western Europe

BackgroundMany tropical countries are currently experiencing dengue (DEN), chikungunya (CHIK) and also more recently Zika (ZIKA) epidemics (particularly in Latin America). Although the risk of transmission and spread of these infections in temperate regions remains a controversial issue, vector-borne diseases have been widely reported in the media and have been the focus of preventive strategies by national and international policy-makers and public health authorities. In this context, we wanted to determine the extent of risk perception in infectious diseases (ID) physicians of the current and future risk of arboviral disease introduction, autochthonous case development and epidemic scenarios in France, Western Europe.MethodsTo this aim, we developed an original standardized questionnaire survey which was disseminated by the French Infectious Diseases Society to ID physician members.ResultsWe found that ID physicians perceived the risk of introduction and outbreak development of DEN, CHIK and ZIKA in France to be low to medium-low. Generalized Linear Model(s) identified medical school training, the extent of professional experience, and awareness of the French national plan regarding arboviral infections as significant predictors for lower risk perception among respondents.ConclusionDespite the fact that arboviral diseases are increasingly being imported into France, sometimes resulting in sporadic autochtonous transmission, French ID physicians do not perceive the risk as high. Better communication and education targeting health professionals and citizens will be needed to enhance the effectiveness of the French national plan to prepare against arboviral diseases.

Challenges for the Development of Dengue and Zika Virus Vaccines

Challenges for the Development of Dengue and Zika Virus Vaccines

Aberrant monocyte responses predict and characterize dengue virus infection in individuals with severe disease

BackgroundCurrently, several assays can diagnose acute dengue infection. However, none of these assays can predict the severity of the disease. Biomarkers that predicts the likelihood that a dengue patient will develop a severe form of the disease could permit more efficient patient triage and allows better supportive care for the individual in need, especially during dengue outbreaks.MethodsWe measured 20 plasma markers i.e. IFN-γ, IL-10, granzyme-B, CX3CL1, IP-10, RANTES, CXCL8, CXCL6, VCAM, ICAM, VEGF, HGF, sCD25, IL-18, LBP, sCD14, sCD163, MIF, MCP-1 and MIP-1β in 141 dengue patients in over 230 specimens and correlate the levels of these plasma markers with the development of dengue without warning signs (DWS−), dengue with warning signs (DWS+) and severe dengue (SD).ResultsOur results show that the elevation of plasma levels of IL-18 at both febrile and defervescence phase was significantly associated with DWS+ and SD; whilst increase of sCD14 and LBP at febrile phase were associated with severity of dengue disease. By using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the IL-18, LBP and sCD14 were significantly predicted the development of more severe form of dengue disease (DWS+/SD) (AUC = 0.768, P < 0.0001; AUC = 0.819, P < 0.0001 and AUC = 0.647, P = 0.014 respectively). Furthermore, we also found that the levels of VEGF were directly correlated and sCD14 was inversely correlated with platelet count, suggesting that the endothelial activation and microbial translocation may played a role in pathogenesis of dengue disease.ConclusionsGiven that the elevation IL-18, LBP and sCD14 among patients with severe form of dengue disease, our findings suggest a pathogenic role for an aberrant inflammasome and monocyte activation in the development of severe form of dengue disease.

Association of genetic polymorphisms of IL1β -511 C>T, IL1RN VNTR 86bp, IL6 -174 G>C, IL10 -819 C>T and TNFα -308 G>A, involved in symptomatic patients with dengue in Brazil.

In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of interleukin (IL) 1β -511C>T, IL1RN VNTR 86bp, IL6 -174G>C, IL10 -819C>T and TNFα -308G>A were analyzed by PCR-RFLP with symptoms of dengue with the clinical features. 196 individuals admitted to the São José Infectious Diseases Hospital with suspected dengue infection. Dengue was confirmed in 111 of the patients. The control group consisted of 85 other individuals confirmed without dengue. It was demonstrated that the presence the T allele of IL1β (P<0.05) was associated with susceptibility to developing the disease. Other results also suggested that the polymorphism in the combinations IL6×IL1β (C and T alleles, respectively), IL1β (T allele)×IL1RN (*2/*2 genotype), IL6 (C allele)×TNFα (A allele), IL10 (C/T genotype)×TNFα (A/A genotype) (P<0.01, P=0.01, P<0.05 and P=0.03, respectively) were associated with predisposition to developing the disease and its symptoms. In summary, the findings of this study in a Brazilian population point out the importance of studies of combinations of polymorphisms in the development of dengue, which can increase the risk of dengue infection and its severity.

Deeper understanding about the genetic structure of dengue virus using SVM

Dengue fever, mainly found in the tropical and subtropical regions, is carried by mosquitoes. With the help of greenhouse effect, places considered to be a Dengue safe-zone are becoming more and more dangerous. Dengue fever shows similar aspects to MERS, which caused heavy casualties in South Korea; Dengue virus does not have clear treatments nor vaccines like MERS. Development of Dengue vaccine is actively investigated lately. However, it is not easy to succeed; the fact that Dengue’s 4 serotypes have different properties and that repeated infections worsen the symptoms. This research aims to analyze the 4 serotypes (DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, DENV4) using SVM and ANN algorithms to investigate the constraints in the development of Dengue’s vaccines and treatments.

Announcement

SUMMARY 2nd International Symposium on Positive Strand RNA Viruses. Vienna, Austria, 26–30 June 1989. Topics include: Genome Replication; DI-RNAs and Vectors; Protein Translation, Cleavage and Modification; Virion Structure and Assembly; Antigenic Structure; Virus Receptors, Uptake and Disassembly; Pathogenesis and Virulence; Strategies for Control of Viral Disease; Viral Evolution. Satellite meeting 24–25 June 1989: World Health Organization Review on the development of dengue, Japanese encephalitis and other flavivirus vaccines. Contact: Dr F. X. Heinz; Institute of Virology; Kinderspitalgasse 15; A-1095 Vienna; Austria; Tel. no. (area code 222) 43 15 95; Fax no. (area code 222) 43 21 61

Announcement

Abstract 2nd INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POSITIVE STRAND RNA VIRUSES Vienna, Austria, 26–30 June 1989 Topics include: Genome Replication; DI-RNAs and Vectors; Protein Translation, Cleavage and Modification; Virion Structure and Assembly; Antigenic Structure; Virus Receptors, Uptake and Disassembly; Pathogenesis and Virulence; Strategies for Control of Viral Disease; Viral Evolution. Satellite meeting 24–25 June 1989: World Health Organization Review on the development of dengue, Japanese encephalitis and other flavivirus vaccines. Contact: Dr F. X. Heinz Institute of Virology Kinderspitalgasse 15 A-1095 Vienna Austria Tel. no. (area code 222) 43 15 95 Fax no. (area code 222) 43 21 61