Development Of Contemporary Cities Research Articles

The Rise and Fall of Popular Australian Lawn Bowls 1864–2021

Lawn bowls is one of the oldest formally established British sports in Australia. This paper provides an overview of the place of lawn bowls in Australian history and society from 1864 to 2021 through four eras: British nationalism (1864–1900); middle class sport (1900–1945); leading seniors sport (1945–1990); and decline (1990–2021). The four eras cover the span of Australian lawn bowls and are based on historical data from both primary and secondary sources tracing its rise and decline. The decline in lawn bowls has been a combination of both internal and external factors. This paper is not a purely chronological account of lawn bowls, but rather provides a framework to better understand the place and role of the sport in Australian culture and society. The origins of lawn bowls in Australia are directly linked to the cultural heritage that stemmed from British settlement. Lawn bowls provides a vehicle to develop insight and understanding into several past, current, and future social and cultural issues including seniors sport, sport participation rates, gender relations, nationalism, class structures, urbanisation, and the development of contemporary cities.

Access to Healthcare Facilities and Women's Healthcare Requirements in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Beijing.

Access to healthcare facilities is an essential measure of the urban development of contemporary cities. Governments often budget huge sums to fulfill the healthcare demands of the population, however neglect to address requirements specific to women. This paper assesses the density, spatial distribution, and services of healthcare facilities to identify care requirements specific to women, and how their needs are—or could be—met. The analysis addresses the research question: What strategies will improve women’s access to healthcare and satisfy their healthcare requirements? Methods include a case study in the Yuetan Area of Beijing, field investigation, mapping, and questionnaires. The survey was carried out in November 2021 and January 2022 and involved 462 women residents in the Yuetan Area. Results indicate: (i) that, despite the total number of facilities meeting the standards recommended by the WHO, the spatial distribution of healthcare facilities is imbalanced; (ii) women’s healthcare encompasses both physical and psychological health. Optimizing accessibility to healthcare facilities can positively impact women’s health and well-being. Conclusions include insights regarding the relationship between access to healthcare facilities women’s healthcare requirements, as well as proposing strategies for improved healthcare facilities with a focus on an equitable and sympathetic society.

Application of environmental psychology in kindergarten architectural design

Abstract With the reform of China's childbirth policy in recent years, a unique baby boom phenomenon has emerged, and the new-born baby has increased rapidly in China. In the process of transformation and development of contemporary cities, a complex urban environment has a significant impact on psychology and physiology. The past kindergarten architectural aesthetic experience can no longer adapt to the social development needs. Thus, how to realize the sustainable development of kindergarten architecture has become a social problem that needs to be solved urgently. In the context of Environmental Psychology, this paper investigates the construction mode of experiential kindergarten architecture and tries to explore a new paradigm of educational architecture design in China for the future.

Knowledge-Based Urban Development The Impact of Knowledge- Based Urban Development in the Growth of Contemporary Cities

Urban Development refers to many topics such as: increased population density, city size, and individual’s production, distribution of technology and the growth of commercial, industrial and service professions. Such development is linked to the coordination of social and cultural trends in order to achieve social progress and economical prosperity. Knowledge as a topic now is known as intellectual capital wich led to upgrae the concept of urban development to be extended into many fields of knowledge, for example, cultural, social and human development to move the level of community culture into a new better standard.
 The research adopted the urban transformation based on knowledge as an important factor in growth and development of contemporary cities. T he lack of studies regarding this was the research problem which led to a hypothesis set as (Knowledge-based urban development is an important tool in contemporary cities growth). Research aimed (to build a knowledge frame-work related to knowledge-based urban development impact on contemporary cities growth) through the following sequence:
 
 Creating a knowledge-based urban development literature review.
 Clarifying the relationship between the knowledge-based urban development and knowledge workers.
 Determining the theoretical framework to recognize level of impact of knowledge-based urban development on the city growth.
 Testing the hypothesis according to the theoretical framework in selecting designated cities such as Sydney & Melbourne were selected as a case study, since they represent good examples for knowledge cities.
 
 The research concluded that: knowledge-based urban development in cities depend on technical economic and community directories as a mechanism to achieve knowledge-based economy and build a new spatial relationship (Knowledge City).
 Keywords: knowledge-based urban development, knowledge, knowledge workers, knowledge-based economy, Knowledge City.
 Urban Development refers to many topics such as: increased population density, city size, and individual’s production, distribution of technology and the growth of commercial, industrial and service professions. Such development is linked to the coordination of social and cultural trends in order to achieve social progress and economical prosperity. Knowledge as a topic now is known as intellectual capital wich led to upgrae the concept of urban development to be extended into many fields of knowledge, for example, cultural, social and human development to move the level of community culture into a new better standard.
 The research adopted the urban transformation based on knowledge as an important factor in growth and development of contemporary cities. T he lack of studies regarding this was the research problem which led to a hypothesis set as (Knowledge-based urban development is an important tool in contemporary cities growth). Research aimed (to build a knowledge frame-work related to knowledge-based urban development impact on contemporary cities growth) through the following sequence:
 
 Creating a knowledge-based urban development literature review.
 Clarifying the relationship between the knowledge-based urban development and knowledge workers.
 Determining the theoretical framework to recognize level of impact of knowledge-based urban development on the city growth.
 Testing the hypothesis according to the theoretical framework in selecting designated cities such as Sydney & Melbourne were selected as a case study, since they represent good examples for knowledge cities.
 
 The research concluded that: knowledge-based urban development in cities depend on technical economic and community directories as a mechanism to achieve knowledge-based economy and build a new spatial relationship (Knowledge City).
 

The role of religious architecture in the sustainable development of contemporary cities: traditions and innovations

The novelty of this paper resides in the fact that its co-authors analyze processes of urban formation and architectural development from the perspective of the city’s performance of social functions. The co-authors study religion as a social institution and the role that it plays in the emergence of medieval cities and in the arrangement of external and internal environments of human beings in present-day cities. Their role is determined as innovative. The performance by the institution of religion of its historic function is studied from the standpoint of the concept of sustainable development. The methodology of this research project is based on the retrospective analysis of historical documents, the comparative analysis of built-up areas, housing planning in traditional and contemporary societies, and the systems concept. As a result of this research, the co-authors have successfully identified several features typical for the operation of the institution of church in a medieval city. The co-authors have analyzed the way the Christian ideology determines the interior and the architectural landscape. The co-authors outline the areas for the application of their research findings. The co-authors believe that these findings must be taken account of in the course of restoration performed in a contemporary megalopolis and in the process of study of the history of urban settlements.

Between gentrification and reurbanisation: The participatory dimension of bottom-up regeneration in Gdańsk, Poland

Urban regeneration has become a key issue in the development of contemporary cities. The paper discusses bottom-up regeneration practices performed by inhabitants of a decaying inner-city neighbourhood under post-socialist conditions, which differ notably from the widely researched Western European context. Results of a qualitative study in Wrzeszcz Dolny, Gdańsk, have indicated the leading role of newcomers to the area in animating bottom-up regeneration efforts, which in turn translate into an activation and integration of the local community. Thus, it is argued that an in-migration into the inner city, usually interpreted as gentrification, does not necessarily generate losses for the indigenous inhabitants but can also bring a desired social change and significantly contribute to the building of inclusive civil society. The presented case study therefore signals the need for a careful investigation and precise labelling of the post-socialist inner-city transformation processes, as well as demonstrates how increasing participation might be employed as the potential antidote to ills associated with gentrification.

Knowledge-based innovation and the city: The case of Belgrade

The critical role of research in overall progress generates a pressing need to study the relationship between a city and knowledge-based innovation. A number of socio-economic and political processes influence the development of contemporary cities by defining the beneficial balance between financial ambitions, environmental awareness and sustainability. Consequently, the role of innovation and knowledge has been emphasized as one of the crucial generators of urban success. The most recent initiatives originating from universities and research establishments stimulate the emergence of new spatial formations and digital upgrading, thus setting up a fertile environment for intellectual exchange and the production and diffusion of knowledge and innovations. This article questions the historical, social and technological implications of research on urban space. The focus is set on the case of Belgrade and the newly proposed project of a university campus with its evaluation based on the latest concepts related to the economy of knowledge. This new type of knowledge-based innovation node is intended to serve as a driver of Belgrade?s inclusion into the global network of innovative cities. However, this initiative is still in the domain of paper-architecture due to financial limitations and a change in development priorities by the new government.

“Chicago” no Brasil a importância da redescoberta da cidade e da “raça”

The development of contemporary cities in Brazil raises many conceptual questions for urban sociology. The lasting tradition of the Chicago School seems not to be applicable as it is based on the mayor assumption race related segregation. It has been assumed that therefore Brazilian cities are different. In this article, the author wants to question this perspective. Firstly, it will be demonstrated that the legacy of the Chicago School in Brazil had more to offer than generally accepted. It can also help to see that the Brazilian cities have been a “product” of a mutual misconception between American and Brazilian scholars about urban sociology. Secondly, the article argues for a renewed interpretation of the Chicago School against the background of contemporary debates in Brazil with regard to the issue of racial and social inequality and the concept of the favela.

An Intelligent Flood Control Decision Support System For Digital Urban Management

Abstract Digital Urban Management has become a trend in the development of contemporary cities. This paper presents the design and implementation of an intelligent flood control decision support system (IFCDSS) using statistical analysis to determine the relationship between the data, and integrate data mining technology for digital urban management based on Java EE. The system also provides location-based decision making in urban management by using the Baidu Maps API.

A TWO-PHASED FUZZY MULTICRITERIA SELECTION AMONG PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION INVESTMENTS FOR POLICY-MAKING AND RISK GOVERNANCE

Public transportation can be viewed as a key determinant and consequence of the social and spatial formation and development of contemporary cities and regions. Transportation policy generally combines four categories of instruments, i.e., investment, pricing, regulation and subsidy, to generate viable alternatives. Capital investment in public transportation supports the purchase of equipment and facilities including rolling stock, tracks, control equipment, and the construction of terminals, stations, parking lots, maintenance facilities and power generating facilities. Risk governance for public transportation investments looks at how risk-related decision-making unfolds when a range of actors is involved, requiring co-ordination and possibly reconciliation between a profusion of roles, perspectives, goals and activities. In this paper, a two-phased multicriteria methodology is proposed to select the best investment alternative for public transportation with respect to the predetermined criteria. In the first phase, a selection among transportation types is made, and in the second phase, a selection among transportation modes of the selected transportation type is made. A case study for Istanbul is given in the application section.